For many people, from owners of private houses, public institutions to public servants, the question of how to lay paving slabs is quite relevant. After all, using artificial brick, you can ennoble the courtyard, lay out paths, make convenient areas near buildings, pave the street or sidewalk. The material is quite popular, in demand. Thanks to a large selection of shapes, colors, sizes, it allows you to create not only standard masonry, but even create a 3D ornament, lay out different patterns, shapes, other elements that differ in color from the main background.
The arrangement of large public facilities is carried out by work crews with special equipment, but the owners of their small adjoining area can independently cope with the work without resorting to the help of specialists or sophisticated technologies.This will save the family budget, gain useful experience. The main thing is to follow instructions and directions so that the result of work brings aesthetic pleasure, is a matter of pride.
The building material has proven itself in landscaping, whether it is access to the garage or parking, garden or pedestrian walkway, complementing the landscape of a country, suburban area or public park. Laying tiles in different areas has become possible thanks to its advantages over alternative coating options:
It is immune to temperature changes, which allows it to be used in different climatic zones. Unlike asphalt, building material does not deform when heated, does not emit harmful substances.
The surface is resistant to abrasion, and when laid, the brick is strong enough to withstand significant loads.
It is characterized by a long service life, which is 15-20 years.
Differs in small weight of a cloth, low cost.
It is easy to mount, carry out repairs, in case of damage to individual elements, dismantle it if necessary to gain access to underground utilities.
This is an environmentally friendly product, natural raw materials are used in its production.
It has an attractive appearance, a wide variety of shapes, many styling methods.
Water does not accumulate on the paved plane, partially it goes to the ground through the joints between the blocks, drains to one side, due to a slight slope, is discharged using paving gutters.
The difficulty lies in the fact that the installation process is slow, as it is done manually, and incorrectly laid blocks will fall out.
Depending on the load exerted on the surface of the canvas, the thickness of the product is selected. 3-5 cm are enough for pedestrians, and 6-8 cm for cars, 8-10 cm for trucks.
Kinds
Paving slabs vary in many ways. It can be made from different raw materials, differ in shapes, sizes, thickness, colors, production method. If we consider the components that make up the concrete mix, then we can distinguish the following types:
Concrete. A standard product consisting of a mixture of cement, sand, water.
From a natural stone. The most expensive, made from marble, fractions of natural stone.
Clinker. Made from burnt clay.
Paving stones. It includes granite chips.
With rubber filling. It has a soft surface, which allows it to be laid on children's and sports grounds.
Polymer sand. Instead of cement, PVD (high pressure polyethylene) is used.
With a three-dimensional pattern. Using molds, photo printing is applied to the upper face, as well as a special protective coating.
With reinforcement. It is made only by vibrocasting. The composition added flat reinforcement or mesh of fibrin.
The finished product is produced by three main methods:
vibration casting;
vibrocompression;
hyperpression.
Dimensions
Manufacturers produce a wide range of products that differ in their parameters. Each specific model has its own dimensions. Using the table as an example, we consider the most popular types of paving slabs in accordance with GOST 17608-91, which have their own characteristics of height - h, length - a, width - b.
Name
Drawing
Length
Width
Height h (mm)
a mm
A1 mm
b mm
For pedestrians
With the possibility of check-in cars
With the possibility of check-in trucks
Square
200
—
200
50
60
80
250
250
100
280
280
300
300
375
375
70
400
400
500
500
750
750
60
80
1000
1000
80
100
Rectangle
240
—
120
70
70
100
375
250
50
60
70
500
250
500
375
750
375
60
750
500
1000
1000
80
80
Hexagon
250
—
432
50
60
100
375
648
70
500
865
60
80
Pentagonal additional
125
125
432
50
60
100
187
375
648
70
250
250
865
60
80
Quadrangular additional
—
216
500
50
60
100
324
750
70
433
1000
60
80
The table shows some of the main standards. There are also various curly, decorative patterns. Each individual manufacturer produces its own products according to its own development, so product parameters often do not meet general standards.
The form
There are a lot of options for paving slabs, differing in texture, mutual arrangement of borders. Their shape in most cases depends on the material used in the manufacture of the final product:
Natural stone is difficult to process, so granite paving is limited in shape. By the method of processing raw materials, one can distinguish: sawn pavers - cut in the image of a square or rectangle with smooth surfaces; chipped - formed as a result of breaking a single piece of granite stone into small parts, has an uneven texture; sawn-chipped - the form is formed by sawing, so it is convenient to lay it, and the upper face differs in relief.
Clinker tiles have a small selection of shapes, mostly rectangular options, its cost is several times more expensive than concrete counterparts, the color palette is limited by the range of red and yellow shades, it is used extremely rarely.
Standard cement products are represented by a wide range of models; they differ both externally and in size. Many species have names that correspond to certain parameters.
Let's consider some options:
Classical It is represented by a square, has a large selection of colors on the outer surface.
A brick. Outwardly similar to a brick, but smaller, allows you to create various combinations of laying.
Cobblestone. Artificial stone imitating natural stone.
Honeycombs.Hexagon tile.
Parquet. Square pavers with parquet pattern on several planks.
Caso It is characterized by the presence of a Gothic ornament.
Wave. It has curved side lines, which contributes to better grip.
Clover. Rhombus with rounded sides.
Spider web. Has a pattern imitating a web.
Coil. Reminds a standard coil, with ledges at the ends.
Galtovannaya. It is characterized by rounded edges.
Scales. It looks like a fish flake.
A cloud. Square items with a decorative surface like clouds.
Flower. A square with a picture of daisies.
Border. Protects the boundaries of the site, paths, gives a finished look to the laid canvas.
Drain. A special element designed to drain water.
Production material
Appearance, size, border arrangement are important characteristics of this item. But the durability, technical properties of the product depend on the raw material from which paving slabs are made. We will analyze in more detail the types of materials used in the production:
A natural stone. For work, use granite, basalt marble. It is characterized by durability, wear resistance, immunity to moisture, temperature differences. The only disadvantages are the high cost, the complexity of processing natural material.
Colored concrete mixes. They consist of cement grade no lower than M400 and sand. To improve characteristics, such as strength, frost resistance, hygroscopicity, special impurities and additives in the form of crushed stone, expanded clay, fiber, special additives, plasticizers are added to the composition.
Clinker. The product is obtained by firing at high temperature shale refractory clays. Used for paving roads, industrial floors. It features a small selection of colors, cost 5 times higher than concrete counterparts.
Polymer-sand.75% consist of sifted quartz sand, the rest are polymers - polystyrene, polypropylene. The finished product is able to withstand temperature changes from - 70 to + 100 ° C. The plasticity of the raw materials prevents the formation of microcracks, leading to the destruction of pavers.
Color
The construction market offers a wide selection of different colors of paving stones, which allows you to solve any design problems. However, depending on the dyes used in the production, fading resistance is determined. The best are natural pigments, such as soot, which gives the tile a black color, a mixture of iron oxides - a red color.
Yellow and its shades are also considered quite stable, however, due to the constant settling of dust, the surface acquires a gray color. Blue and green dyes suffer the worst of environmental factors, less than two years can pass before the material acquires a gray hue.
Separately, it is worth noting natural stone and clinker. They are limited in color, but over time it does not change. Concrete bricks are painted in the production process in two ways:
Surface. Alkyd, polyurethane dyes are used. Painting is done on the laid sidewalk or on top of finished products. Allows you to change the color of the finished coating, increase strength, wear resistance.
Penetrating. The pigment is added directly to the solution. Natural and artificial dyes are used.
It is better to use natural coloring elements. Such substances do not lose color, do not fade under the influence of sunlight, have less negative impact on the properties of the finished product.
Rules and layouts
The layout of the finished product depends on the particular type of pavers, its color, the presence of a pattern, relief, size. The appearance of the coating depends on the installation method. Also, the design of the canvas should be combined with the landscape.Consider the most popular masonry samples:
Linear Also this method is called classic, spoon, brick bunch. The standard view of the masonry with a straightforward image. Paving can be done in two ways: without a shift; with offset. The first option is used extremely rarely, as it reduces the load-bearing characteristics of the canvas. The second method is the most common. The main condition for laying - the joints should not coincide, according to the principle of building an ordinary brick wall. The offset can be half and three quarters, as well as playing with flowers, you can get a diagonal and caterpillar pattern.
Linear-angular. The bearing capacity of the surface increases, so this method is well used in places with increased load. Depending on the location of the elements, two main schemes can be distinguished: herringbone and wicker. In the first case, rectangular bricks must be laid in rows at an angle of 45 °, while each subsequent element located on the same curve is in contact with a half spoon of the previous one by pushing. In the second embodiment, the paving method does not differ from the previous one, only the tile is located at a right angle of 90 °.
Blocky. Brickwork is done in blocks. You can stack modules of two elements, alternating their horizontal and vertical arrangement, as well as stack pairs through one perpendicular brick. In the first case, using only two colors, a checkerboard is obtained.
Random layout. An excellent choice, the tiles are used "Old Town", "Brick", "Classic Rusto", flagstone. Elements are placed in random order, which allows you to create an original, unique picture.
Spiral, circular. One of the most difficult. The components are arranged in the shape of a circle or square.
Artistic. Due to the different colors, the combination of different methods, a detailed design scheme, you can lay out beautiful drawings, ornaments, geometric shapes.
How to tile
Not knowing where to start, work can seem complicated, troublesome. But if you understand all the intricacies, it is quite possible to do it yourself, without resorting to the help of specialists. The process begins with drawing up a drawing, preparing materials, tools, then the steps are taken to equip the base, backfill the pillows, install the curb, install the upper canvas, grout the joints. We consider in detail each stage.
Necessary materials and tools
It is very important to prepare everything necessary for its implementation before starting work. These actions will subsequently save time, you will not have to be distracted by the search for the missing elements. Also, when buying tiles, it is recommended to provide for its supply, since it can break when moving, during installation, when it shrinks with a rubber hammer. In order not to miss anything, you should familiarize yourself with the materials and tools used to carry out work:
sand, crushed stone, cement;
geotextiles;
paving slabs, border elements, plums;
concrete mixer or old bath, for mixing the mortar;
Bulgarian;
sprayed disc for cutting concrete;
wheelbarrow;
electric, manual tamper;
bayonet and shovel;
trowel, long and short rule;
bucket, broom;
level, tape measure;
rake for leveling bulk materials;
ordinary and rubber mallet;
strong thread;
round pipes, special profile for beacons;
metal pegs.
Layout for laying
Territory improvement work begins with a clear design. Of course, if only one small country, garden path is considered, then everything can be calculated in the mind, but when paving large areas, you can not do without a scheme.
Having made a plan, you can start marking up the territory. This will require a building level, tape measure, strong thread, metal pegs or pieces of reinforcement.First, measurements are taken. They need to start from the corner of the structure with which the canvas will come into contact. If there is none, then stakes are driven into the tops of the site in question.
After preliminary marking, it is necessary to make additional measurements to install auxiliary pegs at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m, which will help in the future to correctly arrange rows, align seams, lay parts. A thread is stretched between the metal stakes in level, while a slight slope should be provided in one of the sides, where the water drains will be located. Do not lose sight of the part of the plane occupied by the curbs.
Surface preparation - protective layer and drainage device
After marking the site, it is necessary to prepare the base. For this, the upper part of the soil is removed. Depending on the layer of the pillow, the depth of the pit can be 40-50 cm. Further, the surface of the recess is cleaned of roots, leveled, the earth is compacted by hand tamping. It is covered with geo-fabric on top, preventing the germination of unnecessary vegetation.
It is very important to consider and equip the drainage device. On clay soil, where groundwater is not deep, a slope is formed at the stage of excavation and drainage pipes are installed. If the soil consists of sandstone, quickly absorbs moisture, it is enough to carry out the slope of the canvas in one of the sides, as well as provide for the presence of drainage systems, drains.
After completing the preparatory work, the first drainage layer of the cake begins to form. To do this, 10-30 cm of finely grained gravel or screenings are filled up, it is leveled with a rake, and rammed.
Installation of a border or curb
The curb not only gives the site a beautiful view, protects it, but also fixes the tile, does not allow it to crawl around. It is installed along the path in the garden, along the perimeter of the plane located near the house, public institutions.Correct fixing of the curb is one of the difficult stages; it requires utmost precision and attention. Blocks should rise above the tile at half its height 10-15 cm.
The curbs are fixed on a concrete pad before applying the sand layer, using cement mortar. Their height is determined by the stretched thread, and evenness - by the level. If necessary, they can be lifted, set with a rubber mallet. There are also varieties of fences that are not visible. Such options are installed together with paving stones on a cement-sand cushion, fastened with metal pegs, reinforcement segments.
Tile base preparation
A layer of sand is laid on top of gravel or gravel, it is leveled with a rake, poured with water, and rammed with an electric or manual tamper. After compaction, its thickness should be 5-10 cm.
Next, a cement-sand mixture is poured, obtained by mixing one part of cement with six parts of quarry sand. Sometimes tiles are laid directly on compacted sand. The mixture is also moistened and rammed, aligned with beacons using the rule. The layer thickness should be 2-4 cm.
For heavy loads, the circuit is slightly different. First, a layer of sand 10-15 cm is poured onto the compacted soil, then crushed stone or gravel is 10-15 cm, and a reinforced concrete floor 10-12 cm thick is poured on top, on which curbs are already installed, beacons are laid, cement-sand mortar 2 thick -4 cm, aligned with the rule.
Laying tiles
On sand, as well as on its mixture with cement, brick is laid the same way. Masonry should be started from the wall of the house or from the installed border, which is more convenient because it is set according to the marking. The first row is laid out on a straight defined line. In the case of laying curly products, trim, which should fill the gaps between the tile and the wall or curb, is installed at the very last moment, after the completion of the main installation work.
The tile may vary in thickness, so under some elements you will have to pour the mixture, and others to plant with a rubber hammer. But all the paving stones should be pressed tightly to the surface. Also, when laying bricks, it is necessary to observe the gap between the individual parts. Subsequent rows are laid depending on the chosen pattern and type of pavers.
If there are obstacles in the form of the necessary utilities, pipes, trees on the masonry path, then borders can be installed around them, or the brick will come close. But undercuts are also mounted last. Having laid out a certain part, they look at the evenness of the joints, if necessary they are trimmed, then sprinkled with a dry cement-sand mixture and sweep so that it fills the gaps between the bricks. After the completion of the main work, they proceed to the remaining voids between the wall and the canvas. For this, measured pieces are cut from the tile.
Grouting
Tiled seams can be fixed in several ways. This is a necessary procedure to ensure paving stability and durability. One option is a cement-sand mixture. After thoroughly mixing the dry components, it is poured onto the surface and distributed along the seams with a brush or a soft broom. Leveling is continued until the material fills the gap under the top. The remains are removed and poured over the tile with water from the hose.
Also for grouting, cement mortar can be used. It is poured in the direction of the seams and leveled with a rubber spatula. Immediately after filling all the recesses, until the solution begins to harden, its residues are removed with a rag. After a couple of days, if the cement shrinks, the procedure must be repeated.
How to care for paving slabs
Paving slabs are unpretentious material, but require special care with a certain frequency. Only with proper cleaning will it last for decades.Special tools should be selected depending on the time of year and method of use.
In summer, the biggest problem is dust and debris. You can deal with it by simple sweeping. Serious contaminants are removed with a stream of water. Tiles in places of high humidity, for example, by the pool, fountain, must be covered with water-repellent substances. Tile cleaning should be done at the slightest pollution, especially if it is oily stains from the car, soot, dried cement.
The main enemy of street tiles in winter is ice and snow. Rough mechanical stresses, such as chipping with a crowbar, will not work in this case. It is better to melt a strong crust with warm water or use special chemicals. The snow scoop should be plastic or wooden. You can protect the coating from moisture penetration using waterproofing solutions. They must be applied immediately after installation.
Conclusion
Paving slabs are one of the best materials for arranging surfaces. With your own hands, you can easily do the laying of paths and playgrounds at the cottage, the estate, in the garden, make a race for the car, parking. Thanks to a large selection of building materials, shapes, sizes, colors, installation methods, using paving stones you can solve any design tasks for landscape design.
For many people, from owners of private houses, public institutions to public servants, the question of how to lay paving slabs is quite relevant. After all, using artificial brick, you can ennoble the courtyard, lay out paths, make convenient areas near buildings, pave the street or sidewalk. The material is quite popular, in demand. Thanks to a large selection of shapes, colors, sizes, it allows you to create not only standard masonry, but even create a 3D ornament, lay out different patterns, shapes, other elements that differ in color from the main background.
The arrangement of large public facilities is carried out by work crews with special equipment, but the owners of their small adjoining area can independently cope with the work without resorting to the help of specialists or sophisticated technologies.This will save the family budget, gain useful experience. The main thing is to follow instructions and directions so that the result of work brings aesthetic pleasure, is a matter of pride.
Content
Features of paving slabs
The building material has proven itself in landscaping, whether it is access to the garage or parking, garden or pedestrian walkway, complementing the landscape of a country, suburban area or public park. Laying tiles in different areas has become possible thanks to its advantages over alternative coating options:
Kinds
Paving slabs vary in many ways. It can be made from different raw materials, differ in shapes, sizes, thickness, colors, production method. If we consider the components that make up the concrete mix, then we can distinguish the following types:
The finished product is produced by three main methods:
Dimensions
Manufacturers produce a wide range of products that differ in their parameters. Each specific model has its own dimensions. Using the table as an example, we consider the most popular types of paving slabs in accordance with GOST 17608-91, which have their own characteristics of height - h, length - a, width - b.
Square
Rectangle
Hexagon
Pentagonal additional
Quadrangular additional
The table shows some of the main standards. There are also various curly, decorative patterns. Each individual manufacturer produces its own products according to its own development, so product parameters often do not meet general standards.
The form
There are a lot of options for paving slabs, differing in texture, mutual arrangement of borders. Their shape in most cases depends on the material used in the manufacture of the final product:
Let's consider some options:
Production material
Appearance, size, border arrangement are important characteristics of this item. But the durability, technical properties of the product depend on the raw material from which paving slabs are made. We will analyze in more detail the types of materials used in the production:
Color
The construction market offers a wide selection of different colors of paving stones, which allows you to solve any design problems. However, depending on the dyes used in the production, fading resistance is determined. The best are natural pigments, such as soot, which gives the tile a black color, a mixture of iron oxides - a red color.
Yellow and its shades are also considered quite stable, however, due to the constant settling of dust, the surface acquires a gray color. Blue and green dyes suffer the worst of environmental factors, less than two years can pass before the material acquires a gray hue.
Separately, it is worth noting natural stone and clinker. They are limited in color, but over time it does not change. Concrete bricks are painted in the production process in two ways:
Rules and layouts
The layout of the finished product depends on the particular type of pavers, its color, the presence of a pattern, relief, size. The appearance of the coating depends on the installation method. Also, the design of the canvas should be combined with the landscape.Consider the most popular masonry samples:
How to tile
Not knowing where to start, work can seem complicated, troublesome. But if you understand all the intricacies, it is quite possible to do it yourself, without resorting to the help of specialists. The process begins with drawing up a drawing, preparing materials, tools, then the steps are taken to equip the base, backfill the pillows, install the curb, install the upper canvas, grout the joints. We consider in detail each stage.
Necessary materials and tools
It is very important to prepare everything necessary for its implementation before starting work. These actions will subsequently save time, you will not have to be distracted by the search for the missing elements. Also, when buying tiles, it is recommended to provide for its supply, since it can break when moving, during installation, when it shrinks with a rubber hammer. In order not to miss anything, you should familiarize yourself with the materials and tools used to carry out work:
Layout for laying
Territory improvement work begins with a clear design. Of course, if only one small country, garden path is considered, then everything can be calculated in the mind, but when paving large areas, you can not do without a scheme.
Having made a plan, you can start marking up the territory. This will require a building level, tape measure, strong thread, metal pegs or pieces of reinforcement.First, measurements are taken. They need to start from the corner of the structure with which the canvas will come into contact. If there is none, then stakes are driven into the tops of the site in question.
After preliminary marking, it is necessary to make additional measurements to install auxiliary pegs at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m, which will help in the future to correctly arrange rows, align seams, lay parts. A thread is stretched between the metal stakes in level, while a slight slope should be provided in one of the sides, where the water drains will be located. Do not lose sight of the part of the plane occupied by the curbs.
Surface preparation - protective layer and drainage device
After marking the site, it is necessary to prepare the base. For this, the upper part of the soil is removed. Depending on the layer of the pillow, the depth of the pit can be 40-50 cm. Further, the surface of the recess is cleaned of roots, leveled, the earth is compacted by hand tamping. It is covered with geo-fabric on top, preventing the germination of unnecessary vegetation.
It is very important to consider and equip the drainage device. On clay soil, where groundwater is not deep, a slope is formed at the stage of excavation and drainage pipes are installed. If the soil consists of sandstone, quickly absorbs moisture, it is enough to carry out the slope of the canvas in one of the sides, as well as provide for the presence of drainage systems, drains.
After completing the preparatory work, the first drainage layer of the cake begins to form. To do this, 10-30 cm of finely grained gravel or screenings are filled up, it is leveled with a rake, and rammed.
Installation of a border or curb
The curb not only gives the site a beautiful view, protects it, but also fixes the tile, does not allow it to crawl around. It is installed along the path in the garden, along the perimeter of the plane located near the house, public institutions.Correct fixing of the curb is one of the difficult stages; it requires utmost precision and attention. Blocks should rise above the tile at half its height 10-15 cm.
The curbs are fixed on a concrete pad before applying the sand layer, using cement mortar. Their height is determined by the stretched thread, and evenness - by the level. If necessary, they can be lifted, set with a rubber mallet. There are also varieties of fences that are not visible. Such options are installed together with paving stones on a cement-sand cushion, fastened with metal pegs, reinforcement segments.
Tile base preparation
A layer of sand is laid on top of gravel or gravel, it is leveled with a rake, poured with water, and rammed with an electric or manual tamper. After compaction, its thickness should be 5-10 cm.
Next, a cement-sand mixture is poured, obtained by mixing one part of cement with six parts of quarry sand. Sometimes tiles are laid directly on compacted sand. The mixture is also moistened and rammed, aligned with beacons using the rule. The layer thickness should be 2-4 cm.
For heavy loads, the circuit is slightly different. First, a layer of sand 10-15 cm is poured onto the compacted soil, then crushed stone or gravel is 10-15 cm, and a reinforced concrete floor 10-12 cm thick is poured on top, on which curbs are already installed, beacons are laid, cement-sand mortar 2 thick -4 cm, aligned with the rule.
Laying tiles
On sand, as well as on its mixture with cement, brick is laid the same way. Masonry should be started from the wall of the house or from the installed border, which is more convenient because it is set according to the marking. The first row is laid out on a straight defined line. In the case of laying curly products, trim, which should fill the gaps between the tile and the wall or curb, is installed at the very last moment, after the completion of the main installation work.
The tile may vary in thickness, so under some elements you will have to pour the mixture, and others to plant with a rubber hammer. But all the paving stones should be pressed tightly to the surface. Also, when laying bricks, it is necessary to observe the gap between the individual parts. Subsequent rows are laid depending on the chosen pattern and type of pavers.
If there are obstacles in the form of the necessary utilities, pipes, trees on the masonry path, then borders can be installed around them, or the brick will come close. But undercuts are also mounted last. Having laid out a certain part, they look at the evenness of the joints, if necessary they are trimmed, then sprinkled with a dry cement-sand mixture and sweep so that it fills the gaps between the bricks. After the completion of the main work, they proceed to the remaining voids between the wall and the canvas. For this, measured pieces are cut from the tile.
Grouting
Tiled seams can be fixed in several ways. This is a necessary procedure to ensure paving stability and durability. One option is a cement-sand mixture. After thoroughly mixing the dry components, it is poured onto the surface and distributed along the seams with a brush or a soft broom. Leveling is continued until the material fills the gap under the top. The remains are removed and poured over the tile with water from the hose.
Also for grouting, cement mortar can be used. It is poured in the direction of the seams and leveled with a rubber spatula. Immediately after filling all the recesses, until the solution begins to harden, its residues are removed with a rag. After a couple of days, if the cement shrinks, the procedure must be repeated.
How to care for paving slabs
Paving slabs are unpretentious material, but require special care with a certain frequency. Only with proper cleaning will it last for decades.Special tools should be selected depending on the time of year and method of use.
In summer, the biggest problem is dust and debris. You can deal with it by simple sweeping. Serious contaminants are removed with a stream of water. Tiles in places of high humidity, for example, by the pool, fountain, must be covered with water-repellent substances. Tile cleaning should be done at the slightest pollution, especially if it is oily stains from the car, soot, dried cement.
The main enemy of street tiles in winter is ice and snow. Rough mechanical stresses, such as chipping with a crowbar, will not work in this case. It is better to melt a strong crust with warm water or use special chemicals. The snow scoop should be plastic or wooden. You can protect the coating from moisture penetration using waterproofing solutions. They must be applied immediately after installation.
Conclusion
Paving slabs are one of the best materials for arranging surfaces. With your own hands, you can easily do the laying of paths and playgrounds at the cottage, the estate, in the garden, make a race for the car, parking. Thanks to a large selection of building materials, shapes, sizes, colors, installation methods, using paving stones you can solve any design tasks for landscape design.