For most people, container houses are associated with a simple change house, a temporary summer cottage. In fact, buildings can strike with an unusual appearance, which directly depends on a correctly drawn up project, a design plan. This type of construction has been actively used in European and American countries for several decades. In the post-Soviet space, it is only beginning to gain momentum.
From multi-turn containers intended for storage and transportation of various items, it is possible to build multi-room, multi-storey buildings. In the context of constant growth in real estate prices, this option will become a worthy alternative to standard buildings built from familiar materials. At the minimum cost of money for construction work, you can get a functional, comfortable, cozy residential building.
Containers became popular after World War II. The first models that without loading / unloading contents could be reloaded from vehicles to rail or sea were developed in the 1950s by Malcolm Macklin. In April 1956, a trial transportation was carried out, after which the container revolution began. It is unlikely that the entrepreneur assumed that his invention would be used as a home.
When and under what circumstances began to use these structures for the construction of a residential building, it is impossible to determine, the founder is unknown. The first mention of the possibility of using products as temporary housing is found in the archives of the US Army, in a document from 1977. Later, in 1987, Philip Clark filed for a patent, an American architect proposed to build housing from multi-turn containers.
However, he popularized this type of construction, became the father of container architecture, Adam Kalkin.This is one of the most orthodox practitioners of architecture, who calls himself an artist. A graduate of the English College of Vassar, studied architectural art in London. He began to deal with containers in 1992 in the state of New Jersey, USA, and subsequently organized his own company and became known all over the world.
Features of container houses
To build a structure of modules under the strength of everyone, this will not even require special education. It’s good enough to study the topic, to understand the technology. Containers provide endless possibilities for creating interesting projects. The finished structure has a block structure, can be welded or collapsible (transformable). We replace each element, which is impossible to imagine in a standard house.
Container buildings can be used seasonally and year-round. During the construction of temporary housing no documents are required. For capital residential buildings will have to issue a building permit.
The construction of multi-turn packaging is also called prefabricated housing. During construction, different blocks are selected for the created sketch, from which the structure is formed. Window and doorways are cut out in a cottage folded from separate parts, electricity, plumbing utilities, gas, which you also need to obtain permission in the appropriate service, or use gas cylinders are cut to it.
The main feature of any buildings made of this material is the fixed, rectangular size of the rooms. If the length can be adjusted by cutting the elements into separate components, then the value of the height and width is unchanged. Of course, using different models in the work, it is easy to achieve a good result, but their diversity is small. And in the construction of a permanent home will have to use only options that are appropriate in size to the current Construction Norms and Regulations and GOSTs, otherwise the project will not be registered in the BTI.
Advantages and disadvantages
Houses built from sea or multi-turn freight containers are characterized by a number of significant advantages. One of the main advantages is the relatively low cost. For little money you can buy a finished block, which will become a small house, a separate room, a floor. The building also has the following positive characteristics:
Strength. Due to this quality, they are used in seismically hazardous areas, in places where hurricanes, tornadoes, and other natural disasters are observed.
Light weight. The mass of the product is insignificant, therefore, a capital foundation is not required for installation.
The speed of construction work. The construction of the house will not take much time, even complex structures can be completed within 2-3 months, including external and internal decoration.
Mobility. If necessary, the residential building can be disassembled and reassembled, transported to another place.
Innovation and creativity. Original designs stand out for their appearance.
Durability. With proper care, periodic maintenance, the house will last a long time.
Versatility and practicality. Blocks can be combined with other building elements, include them in projects of concrete, brick, wooden buildings.
Protection against unwanted fauna. Insects and rodents cannot penetrate the airtight container.
The possibility of completion. At any time, you can increase the living space, add a new module.
When choosing this option, it is worth considering the disadvantages inherent in it. The main disadvantages include:
Toxicity. Elements intended for the carriage of goods are processed with chemicals that protect the surface from adverse atmospheric influences. It is necessary to remove the toxic layer.
Fixed parameters. It is impossible to change the height of the ceilings, the width of the interior.
Coefficient of thermal conductivity.The metal heats up very quickly and does not retain heat. Very good thermal insulation will be required.
Tightness. Material does not pass air, does not "breathe". For a comfortable stay, you should organize high-quality ventilation.
Corrosion. To extend the service life you will have to constantly inspect the surface condition, eliminate various defects.
Technical condition. It is difficult to find a container in the secondary market that would meet the requirements, had no significant flaws.
Seasonality Most projects are not designed for year-round living. Budget options are unsuitable for the comfortable existence of a full-fledged family.
Cost and construction costs
The cost of building a prefabricated building is significantly cheaper than standard housing. It depends on various factors. Includes a number of points:
purchase of a land plot;
designing a project;
obtaining a building permit for the construction of a capital structure;
area of planned housing, number of living rooms, number of storeys;
construction materials and transportation costs;
hiring special equipment for installation, construction team;
eyeliner of engineering communications.
The price of the main item may be different. To purchase a new product will require more money than for a used model. It also takes into account the technical condition of the item, its place of sale, for example, in port cities you can buy it inexpensively. The price also depends on the type of product itself, its basic parameters.
The cost of transportation may be commensurate with the price of the container. But the largest investments are in the purchase of finishing materials and the remuneration of employees. When constructing a solid, suitable for permanent residence at home, you should not save on insulation, thermal insulation requires additional investment.
The cost of building a container building will be 30-50% less than building a house from traditional materials.
What containers are used for building houses
For the construction of houses using any model designed for the transport of goods. Some are suitable for organizing living rooms, others for arranging crossings, a hall, a bathroom. However, the choice is limited. Manufacturers produce a certain range of products regulated by the ISO 668 standard. Existing options are shown in the table:
ISO classification
1 EE
1 EEE
1A
1AA
1AAA
1B
1BB
1BBB
1C
1CC
Standard name, foot, Standard (S), High cub (h.c.)
45
40
30
20
S
h.c.
S
h.c.
S
h.c.
S
External dimensions
Length m
13.716
12.192
9.125
6.058
Length inches
45’0”
40’ 0”
29’ 11.25”
19’ 10.5”
Width m
2,438
Width inches
8’ 0”
Height, m
2.591
2.896
2.438
2.591
2.896
2.438
2.591
2.896
2.438
2.591
Height inches
8’ 6”
9’ 6”
8’ 0”
8’ 6”
9’ 6”
8’ 0”
8’ 6”
9’ 6”
8’ 0”
8’ 6”
Inner dimensions
Length m
13.542
11.998
8.931
5.867
Length inches
44’ 5.15”
39’ 4.375”
29’ 3.6”
19’ 3”
Width m
2.330
Width inches
7’ 73”
Height, m
2.350
2.655
2.197
2.350
2.655
2.197
2.350
2.655
2.197
2.350
Height inches
7’ 8.5”
8’ 8.5”
7’ 2.5”
7’ 8.5”
8’ 8.5”
7’ 2.5”
7’ 8.5”
8’ 8.5”
7’ 2.5”
7’ 8.5”
Projects of houses and types of layouts
With the help of containers, you can build a creative, unique house that will satisfy all the requirements of the owner, and surprise neighbors, casual passers-by. Draw up a project, do the planning of rooms by yourself, do it yourself or turn to specialists for help, download ready-made schemes on the network.
Depending on the functionality, purpose, financial capabilities, you can build a residential building even from one module. Using several blocks will result in a full-fledged dwelling. Of these, you can build structures in one, two, three floors, which are suitable for seasonal use, as well as for permanent residence. If you wish, you can attach a veranda.
Due to the versatility of these elements, they are sometimes combined with standard building materials, used as components of a traditional house. Having shown imagination, carefully thought over the design, even with minimal investment, it will be possible to erect a building that will be quite functional and attractive. For clarity, consider a few examples of finished buildings.
House from a large container
From one large 40 or 45-foot container, you can build a small house. However, it should be borne in mind that its internal area, excluding decoration, will be 31.55 m² and 27.95 m², respectively. Such a structure is more suitable for giving, as a guest option. On an ongoing basis, single people, families without children, and pensioners will be able to live in it.
The area is comparable to a one-room apartment. When planning the interior space, you can use examples of the arrangement of studio apartments. Here you can arrange a kitchen, a combined bathroom, equip a place to relax. With proper planning, the use of zoning, within the same room you can organize different functional areas, allocate space for a living room, work area, bedroom.
House from a small container
By installing 20, 30-foot blocks on your site, you can get a tiny housing area of 13.67 m² and 20.81 m². Organizing living space in this case is much more difficult. You have to save on everything - use a shower cabin in the combined bathroom, the kitchen also needs to be reduced, allocate a space for it near the bathroom, as close as possible to plumbing utilities.
When organizing a room, you should consider using transforming furniture. Install a bed that can be hidden in a niche. On the walls you can place shelves, cabinets for storing various items. It is better to combine a living room with a dining area, a bedroom with an office. To visually increase the space on the walls and ceiling, place mirrors.
Container House with Exterior Staircase
The option with an external staircase is often used to organize change houses installed on top of each other. In the same way, you can build a country house exclusively for seasonal use, since in the winter it will be problematic to move between floors, constantly going down to the kitchen.This method allows you to save internal space, reduces construction costs.
There are two ways to place containers: in one direction, perpendicularly. The second trick is more practical. With this arrangement, a small terrace is equipped below, a balcony above. Some owners of such structures even manage to use the roof, extending the flight of stairs to the very top. Here they equip a place for relaxation, eating in the fresh air.
Country house from containers
A compact house in the country is used to store garden equipment, a comfortable resting place in the summer. The main feature is a combination of compactness and functionality. You can save a lot on construction, since in most cases such a construction does not require high-quality insulation, the organization of a serious heating system. It is enough to carry out engineering communications, to perform an attractive finish.
For the construction of a summer cottage option, one container is enough. With proper planning, it is possible to distinguish a zone for rest, cooking and eating, a separate area for the location of utensils necessary for caring for a small garden or garden. Some people, accustomed to comfort, using the garden for leisure, can easily build a more functional structure, of two or more modules.
House with a workshop of sea containers
With a little imagination, with the help of multi-turn containers, you can organize a small workshop equipped for specific tasks. Such a model is suitable for people involved in shoe, sewing, carpentry, locksmithing. For these purposes, a whole block or a separate part thereof is isolated. The main thing is that the entire tool should be neatly stored in one designated place, the presence of free space for carrying out activities.
The simplest project consists of two separate modules.One of them is used as residential, the second - for household needs. When organizing a workplace, one part is allocated for racks and shelves, they provide an angle for cleaning tools, and a waste box is placed in it. Carefully think over and choose the area for storing blanks, finished, repaired products. Hanging cabinets are hung on the walls around the perimeter. Particular attention is paid to the work area.
One-story container house
The main feature of such a structure is that all living rooms will be rectangular. And this cannot be changed in any way, if one relies on regulatory documents when organizing the internal space. According to 31-02-2001, SNiP 2.08.01-89 and their later versions, the kitchen area should be - 6 m², bedrooms - 8 m², living room - 12 m², therefore, with an internal width of 2.33 m, square rooms are unacceptable .
You can build a one-story building of different sizes. When connecting several blocks, a rather large building is obtained, suitable for a full-fledged family. A huge drawback when dividing one container into several functional rooms will be their passage location, with the exception of the compartments, the entrance to which will be located in the center of the long side.
Two-story container house
With proper planning, the use of quality finishes, you can create an attractive and functional house, consisting of two floors. Families of different generations will be able to live in it. However, it all depends on its size, the number of blocks used in the construction. Separately, it is necessary to take care of the organization of the flight of stairs, according to SNiP 2.08.01-89, paragraph 1.24 of the table. 3, it should be at least 1.05 m wide, and the corridor 1.4 m.
The simplest version of a two-story construction is two containers mounted on top of each other.At the same time, on the first tier there is a kitchen and a dining room, a bathroom, a boiler room, and a living room is carried out on the second. When using more than two blocks, it is possible to provide for the presence of several bedrooms, an office, a nursery, and other functional areas.
House with a terrace of two containers
There are several ways to organize a structure with a terrace of two containers: make a one-story structure with an L-shaped arrangement of elements, put two modules perpendicular to each other. In the first case, an open area will be obtained, resting on the building from two sides, in the second - partially or completely located under the roof, adjacent to only one side.
The traditional extension is made of wood, has wooden flooring and fencing. To finish the floor, it is better to use a special terrace board, which is characterized by a long service life. It is recommended to place the structure from the south, south-west side, its size directly depends on the dimensions of the residential building itself. The design should match the design of the house.
Construction stages
First of all, you need to purchase one or more containers. They should be checked for radiation, because it is in such containers that the remains of harmful radiation are collected. They should be free of dents and other defects. Before starting the installation of the house from containers, it is necessary to draw up a detailed project with a plan of basic work. It is necessary to determine in advance the size and number of modules if a large family will live.
Foundation
The arrangement of the foundation is the very first and most important stage in the construction. Installation on plain ground is not possible, since a heavy container will contribute to a strong subsidence of the earth. In winter, the floors will be cold, finishing materials will freeze.
When choosing the foundation option, it is necessary to take into account the size of the future home, and the terrain.If this is an ordinary change house for temporary residence in the summer, a few foundation blocks will be enough. Preliminary preparation of the foundation requires a residential building of several floors. For this, a reinforced strip foundation is usually used. In regions with wetlands can not do without piles.
The functions of a reliable foundation can only be performed by a monolithic foundation. For him, the foundation pit is first pulled out and filled with a mixture of cement, sand and water. For greater strength, various hardeners are added.
For pouring the foundation, you can use a ready-made mixture. In this case, you will need to make a reinforcing cage according to the drawing, install the formwork, pour the solution. Densify concrete will help special vibration tools.
Corrosion and Weather Protection
Any metal structure (small change house, two-story house) is subject to corrosion. She is in constant contact with the external environment - the sun, water, wind. Inaction at the first appearance of signs of the disease will lead to disastrous consequences.
The problem area will grow, gradually worsening the functional characteristics of the entire structure. A damaged structure will lose its attractive appearance and become dangerous for residents. There are several ways to protect it:
Padding. All external surfaces are treated with special enamel, which fills cracks, chips and reliably protects the metal;
The right choice of installation location. It is better to erect a structure on a hill or an artificial shaft in order to minimize contact with the ground;
Polymer coating. Doubles container service life, repels moisture;
Galvanizing. The external walls and the roof are sheathed with galvanized sheets for reliable protection of the structure.
Installing Modules
After pouring the foundation, wait at least 25 days. When the concrete has matured, you can proceed with the installation of containers.To do this, you need to resort to the help of a truck crane. Installed modules must be fastened together by iron corners, rectangular pipes using a welding machine, gas generator.
The container space is divided into zones using sheets of drywall in accordance with the layout. At the same stage, windows and doors are cut. Using modular blocks of different sizes, you can build an author’s building with an unusual design.
Roof device
Containers of all types have overlaps, but they cannot be considered a full-fledged roof. The device of the roof occurs according to the standard scheme. The roof can be made of metal sheets, ondulin, wood. The material is chosen depending on the idea and the overall design of the house. Installation takes place in several stages:
Assembling a frame from a bar. Wide boards are fastened together with the help of plumbing bolts, screwed to the container with screws;
Installation of rafters. The length of the boards should be sufficient to eliminate the need for splicing. The rafters are also attached with self-tapping screws;
Installation of the crate. For work, six-meter boards are used, which are then covered with a vapor barrier film;
Laying galvanized sheets. Be sure to provide a place for ventilation.
External insulation of the building
Due to the peculiarities of the structure and type of material, sea containers transmit sound well and do not retain heat. A house of such modules must be insulated from the outside. External insulation is much more effective than internal, since it completely eliminates the heating of the metal. You can achieve the best result if you use both options at the same time.
Wall cladding from the street is done using corrugated board, siding, wood and other methods. Plate materials are attached to a wooden crate with screws. The space between the container wall and the decorative finish can be filled with mineral wool, filled with foam.
Engineering communications: electricity, gas, water and heating
The comfort of living depends on the availability and features of engineering communications. Proper design and high-quality installation will help extend the life of the house, reduce the number of emergencies.
Engineering systems are one of the most important and costly components of any building. At the planning stage, methods of laying pipes and cables, necessary equipment, type of installation are taken into account. A certain amount is laid for the work, which is 25-50% of the total planned construction costs. For the normal functioning of the house, the following communications will be required:
Electricity. Wires are laid through special channels that run along the inner walls.
Gas. Conducting is possible with the proximity of the gas pipeline.
Water pipes. You will need to make your own well or connect to the system of the nearest settlement;
Heating. More often use a fireplace, a metal stove.
Home ventilation
Usually make two ventilation holes located opposite each other. A pipe is cut from the end of the container and brought out over the roof. Thus, air will be supplied. On the other hand, we issue, mount the fan and the hood.
For the area of one trailer, a device with a diameter of 100 mm will be sufficient. Adjustment valves should also be installed. You can make two inflows at the ends, and the hood in the middle. The choice of option depends on the temperature in the street, the number of residents and other factors.
Interior insulation and decoration
At the initial stage of decoration, the walls are insulated. Then they mount decorative surfaces, carry out plastering, painting. You can insulate the container from the inside in several ways:
Thermal insulation polyurethane foam. The sprayed material protects the metal from corrosion.The dense layer of polyurethane foam does not pass air, protects from noise;
Styrofoam plates. Foam with a dense structure can be mounted directly to metal walls or laid in the cells of the crate;
Mineral wool insulation. The material is laid on a mounting foam. Then they fill the crate for further installation of gypsum board, plywood.
The frame with insulation can be closed with any material. Lining, drywall will do. Joints of sheets are glued with a construction bandage, then they paint the entire surface with latex-based water-based paint.
Ideas for design - in which styles it is better to design
Container houses do not limit their owners in the choice of style, architectural solutions. This design is more suitable for modern design - hi-tech, modern, loft. Houses with large windows and sliding glass doors will look interesting.
Rustic style country houses look original. Exterior, wooden interior fills the room with warmth and comfort, plus brings it closer to nature. Wooden siding hides any hints of a metal frame.
Conclusion
Houses from block containers are functional and attractive structures that are very popular in many countries of the world. With the help of individual blocks you can build a budget residential building suitable for seasonal and year-round use. This model will be indispensable as a summer residence option, guest house, full-fledged housing for a family with children, consisting of several generations.
For most people, container houses are associated with a simple change house, a temporary summer cottage. In fact, buildings can strike with an unusual appearance, which directly depends on a correctly drawn up project, a design plan. This type of construction has been actively used in European and American countries for several decades. In the post-Soviet space, it is only beginning to gain momentum.
From multi-turn containers intended for storage and transportation of various items, it is possible to build multi-room, multi-storey buildings. In the context of constant growth in real estate prices, this option will become a worthy alternative to standard buildings built from familiar materials. At the minimum cost of money for construction work, you can get a functional, comfortable, cozy residential building.
Content
History - how long container buildings appeared
Containers became popular after World War II. The first models that without loading / unloading contents could be reloaded from vehicles to rail or sea were developed in the 1950s by Malcolm Macklin. In April 1956, a trial transportation was carried out, after which the container revolution began. It is unlikely that the entrepreneur assumed that his invention would be used as a home.
When and under what circumstances began to use these structures for the construction of a residential building, it is impossible to determine, the founder is unknown. The first mention of the possibility of using products as temporary housing is found in the archives of the US Army, in a document from 1977. Later, in 1987, Philip Clark filed for a patent, an American architect proposed to build housing from multi-turn containers.
However, he popularized this type of construction, became the father of container architecture, Adam Kalkin.This is one of the most orthodox practitioners of architecture, who calls himself an artist. A graduate of the English College of Vassar, studied architectural art in London. He began to deal with containers in 1992 in the state of New Jersey, USA, and subsequently organized his own company and became known all over the world.
Features of container houses
To build a structure of modules under the strength of everyone, this will not even require special education. It’s good enough to study the topic, to understand the technology. Containers provide endless possibilities for creating interesting projects. The finished structure has a block structure, can be welded or collapsible (transformable). We replace each element, which is impossible to imagine in a standard house.
The construction of multi-turn packaging is also called prefabricated housing. During construction, different blocks are selected for the created sketch, from which the structure is formed. Window and doorways are cut out in a cottage folded from separate parts, electricity, plumbing utilities, gas, which you also need to obtain permission in the appropriate service, or use gas cylinders are cut to it.
The main feature of any buildings made of this material is the fixed, rectangular size of the rooms. If the length can be adjusted by cutting the elements into separate components, then the value of the height and width is unchanged. Of course, using different models in the work, it is easy to achieve a good result, but their diversity is small. And in the construction of a permanent home will have to use only options that are appropriate in size to the current Construction Norms and Regulations and GOSTs, otherwise the project will not be registered in the BTI.
Advantages and disadvantages
Houses built from sea or multi-turn freight containers are characterized by a number of significant advantages. One of the main advantages is the relatively low cost. For little money you can buy a finished block, which will become a small house, a separate room, a floor. The building also has the following positive characteristics:
When choosing this option, it is worth considering the disadvantages inherent in it. The main disadvantages include:
Cost and construction costs
The cost of building a prefabricated building is significantly cheaper than standard housing. It depends on various factors. Includes a number of points:
The price of the main item may be different. To purchase a new product will require more money than for a used model. It also takes into account the technical condition of the item, its place of sale, for example, in port cities you can buy it inexpensively. The price also depends on the type of product itself, its basic parameters.
The cost of transportation may be commensurate with the price of the container. But the largest investments are in the purchase of finishing materials and the remuneration of employees. When constructing a solid, suitable for permanent residence at home, you should not save on insulation, thermal insulation requires additional investment.
What containers are used for building houses
For the construction of houses using any model designed for the transport of goods. Some are suitable for organizing living rooms, others for arranging crossings, a hall, a bathroom. However, the choice is limited. Manufacturers produce a certain range of products regulated by the ISO 668 standard. Existing options are shown in the table:
1 EE
1CC
45
20
S
S
13.716
6.058
45’0”
19’ 10.5”
2,438
8’ 0”
2.591
2.591
8’ 6”
8’ 6”
13.542
5.867
44’ 5.15”
19’ 3”
2.330
7’ 73”
2.350
2.350
7’ 8.5”
7’ 8.5”
Projects of houses and types of layouts
With the help of containers, you can build a creative, unique house that will satisfy all the requirements of the owner, and surprise neighbors, casual passers-by. Draw up a project, do the planning of rooms by yourself, do it yourself or turn to specialists for help, download ready-made schemes on the network.
Depending on the functionality, purpose, financial capabilities, you can build a residential building even from one module. Using several blocks will result in a full-fledged dwelling. Of these, you can build structures in one, two, three floors, which are suitable for seasonal use, as well as for permanent residence. If you wish, you can attach a veranda.
Due to the versatility of these elements, they are sometimes combined with standard building materials, used as components of a traditional house. Having shown imagination, carefully thought over the design, even with minimal investment, it will be possible to erect a building that will be quite functional and attractive. For clarity, consider a few examples of finished buildings.
House from a large container
From one large 40 or 45-foot container, you can build a small house. However, it should be borne in mind that its internal area, excluding decoration, will be 31.55 m² and 27.95 m², respectively. Such a structure is more suitable for giving, as a guest option. On an ongoing basis, single people, families without children, and pensioners will be able to live in it.
The area is comparable to a one-room apartment. When planning the interior space, you can use examples of the arrangement of studio apartments. Here you can arrange a kitchen, a combined bathroom, equip a place to relax. With proper planning, the use of zoning, within the same room you can organize different functional areas, allocate space for a living room, work area, bedroom.
House from a small container
By installing 20, 30-foot blocks on your site, you can get a tiny housing area of 13.67 m² and 20.81 m². Organizing living space in this case is much more difficult. You have to save on everything - use a shower cabin in the combined bathroom, the kitchen also needs to be reduced, allocate a space for it near the bathroom, as close as possible to plumbing utilities.
When organizing a room, you should consider using transforming furniture. Install a bed that can be hidden in a niche. On the walls you can place shelves, cabinets for storing various items. It is better to combine a living room with a dining area, a bedroom with an office. To visually increase the space on the walls and ceiling, place mirrors.
Container House with Exterior Staircase
The option with an external staircase is often used to organize change houses installed on top of each other. In the same way, you can build a country house exclusively for seasonal use, since in the winter it will be problematic to move between floors, constantly going down to the kitchen.This method allows you to save internal space, reduces construction costs.
There are two ways to place containers: in one direction, perpendicularly. The second trick is more practical. With this arrangement, a small terrace is equipped below, a balcony above. Some owners of such structures even manage to use the roof, extending the flight of stairs to the very top. Here they equip a place for relaxation, eating in the fresh air.
Country house from containers
A compact house in the country is used to store garden equipment, a comfortable resting place in the summer. The main feature is a combination of compactness and functionality. You can save a lot on construction, since in most cases such a construction does not require high-quality insulation, the organization of a serious heating system. It is enough to carry out engineering communications, to perform an attractive finish.
For the construction of a summer cottage option, one container is enough. With proper planning, it is possible to distinguish a zone for rest, cooking and eating, a separate area for the location of utensils necessary for caring for a small garden or garden. Some people, accustomed to comfort, using the garden for leisure, can easily build a more functional structure, of two or more modules.
House with a workshop of sea containers
With a little imagination, with the help of multi-turn containers, you can organize a small workshop equipped for specific tasks. Such a model is suitable for people involved in shoe, sewing, carpentry, locksmithing. For these purposes, a whole block or a separate part thereof is isolated. The main thing is that the entire tool should be neatly stored in one designated place, the presence of free space for carrying out activities.
The simplest project consists of two separate modules.One of them is used as residential, the second - for household needs. When organizing a workplace, one part is allocated for racks and shelves, they provide an angle for cleaning tools, and a waste box is placed in it. Carefully think over and choose the area for storing blanks, finished, repaired products. Hanging cabinets are hung on the walls around the perimeter. Particular attention is paid to the work area.
One-story container house
The main feature of such a structure is that all living rooms will be rectangular. And this cannot be changed in any way, if one relies on regulatory documents when organizing the internal space. According to 31-02-2001, SNiP 2.08.01-89 and their later versions, the kitchen area should be - 6 m², bedrooms - 8 m², living room - 12 m², therefore, with an internal width of 2.33 m, square rooms are unacceptable .
You can build a one-story building of different sizes. When connecting several blocks, a rather large building is obtained, suitable for a full-fledged family. A huge drawback when dividing one container into several functional rooms will be their passage location, with the exception of the compartments, the entrance to which will be located in the center of the long side.
Two-story container house
With proper planning, the use of quality finishes, you can create an attractive and functional house, consisting of two floors. Families of different generations will be able to live in it. However, it all depends on its size, the number of blocks used in the construction. Separately, it is necessary to take care of the organization of the flight of stairs, according to SNiP 2.08.01-89, paragraph 1.24 of the table. 3, it should be at least 1.05 m wide, and the corridor 1.4 m.
The simplest version of a two-story construction is two containers mounted on top of each other.At the same time, on the first tier there is a kitchen and a dining room, a bathroom, a boiler room, and a living room is carried out on the second. When using more than two blocks, it is possible to provide for the presence of several bedrooms, an office, a nursery, and other functional areas.
House with a terrace of two containers
There are several ways to organize a structure with a terrace of two containers: make a one-story structure with an L-shaped arrangement of elements, put two modules perpendicular to each other. In the first case, an open area will be obtained, resting on the building from two sides, in the second - partially or completely located under the roof, adjacent to only one side.
The traditional extension is made of wood, has wooden flooring and fencing. To finish the floor, it is better to use a special terrace board, which is characterized by a long service life. It is recommended to place the structure from the south, south-west side, its size directly depends on the dimensions of the residential building itself. The design should match the design of the house.
Construction stages
First of all, you need to purchase one or more containers. They should be checked for radiation, because it is in such containers that the remains of harmful radiation are collected. They should be free of dents and other defects. Before starting the installation of the house from containers, it is necessary to draw up a detailed project with a plan of basic work. It is necessary to determine in advance the size and number of modules if a large family will live.
Foundation
The arrangement of the foundation is the very first and most important stage in the construction. Installation on plain ground is not possible, since a heavy container will contribute to a strong subsidence of the earth. In winter, the floors will be cold, finishing materials will freeze.
When choosing the foundation option, it is necessary to take into account the size of the future home, and the terrain.If this is an ordinary change house for temporary residence in the summer, a few foundation blocks will be enough. Preliminary preparation of the foundation requires a residential building of several floors. For this, a reinforced strip foundation is usually used. In regions with wetlands can not do without piles.
The functions of a reliable foundation can only be performed by a monolithic foundation. For him, the foundation pit is first pulled out and filled with a mixture of cement, sand and water. For greater strength, various hardeners are added.
Corrosion and Weather Protection
Any metal structure (small change house, two-story house) is subject to corrosion. She is in constant contact with the external environment - the sun, water, wind. Inaction at the first appearance of signs of the disease will lead to disastrous consequences.
The problem area will grow, gradually worsening the functional characteristics of the entire structure. A damaged structure will lose its attractive appearance and become dangerous for residents. There are several ways to protect it:
Installing Modules
After pouring the foundation, wait at least 25 days. When the concrete has matured, you can proceed with the installation of containers.To do this, you need to resort to the help of a truck crane. Installed modules must be fastened together by iron corners, rectangular pipes using a welding machine, gas generator.
The container space is divided into zones using sheets of drywall in accordance with the layout. At the same stage, windows and doors are cut. Using modular blocks of different sizes, you can build an author’s building with an unusual design.
Roof device
Containers of all types have overlaps, but they cannot be considered a full-fledged roof. The device of the roof occurs according to the standard scheme. The roof can be made of metal sheets, ondulin, wood. The material is chosen depending on the idea and the overall design of the house. Installation takes place in several stages:
External insulation of the building
Due to the peculiarities of the structure and type of material, sea containers transmit sound well and do not retain heat. A house of such modules must be insulated from the outside. External insulation is much more effective than internal, since it completely eliminates the heating of the metal. You can achieve the best result if you use both options at the same time.
Wall cladding from the street is done using corrugated board, siding, wood and other methods. Plate materials are attached to a wooden crate with screws. The space between the container wall and the decorative finish can be filled with mineral wool, filled with foam.
Engineering communications: electricity, gas, water and heating
The comfort of living depends on the availability and features of engineering communications. Proper design and high-quality installation will help extend the life of the house, reduce the number of emergencies.
Engineering systems are one of the most important and costly components of any building. At the planning stage, methods of laying pipes and cables, necessary equipment, type of installation are taken into account. A certain amount is laid for the work, which is 25-50% of the total planned construction costs. For the normal functioning of the house, the following communications will be required:
Home ventilation
Usually make two ventilation holes located opposite each other. A pipe is cut from the end of the container and brought out over the roof. Thus, air will be supplied. On the other hand, we issue, mount the fan and the hood.
For the area of one trailer, a device with a diameter of 100 mm will be sufficient. Adjustment valves should also be installed. You can make two inflows at the ends, and the hood in the middle. The choice of option depends on the temperature in the street, the number of residents and other factors.
Interior insulation and decoration
At the initial stage of decoration, the walls are insulated. Then they mount decorative surfaces, carry out plastering, painting. You can insulate the container from the inside in several ways:
The frame with insulation can be closed with any material. Lining, drywall will do. Joints of sheets are glued with a construction bandage, then they paint the entire surface with latex-based water-based paint.
Ideas for design - in which styles it is better to design
Container houses do not limit their owners in the choice of style, architectural solutions. This design is more suitable for modern design - hi-tech, modern, loft. Houses with large windows and sliding glass doors will look interesting.
Rustic style country houses look original. Exterior, wooden interior fills the room with warmth and comfort, plus brings it closer to nature. Wooden siding hides any hints of a metal frame.
Conclusion
Houses from block containers are functional and attractive structures that are very popular in many countries of the world. With the help of individual blocks you can build a budget residential building suitable for seasonal and year-round use. This model will be indispensable as a summer residence option, guest house, full-fledged housing for a family with children, consisting of several generations.