Projects of country houses: options for 6-10 acres
In the past, when there were 2 structures on 6 acres: a cab and a wooden toilet with a heart cut out on the door. Now the projects of country houses are diverse, they build miniature country houses for summer living and large country cottages with an attic, a veranda, a bathhouse and a swimming pool, where you can live all summer, spend New Years comfortably or live year-round.
The requirements of SNiP for the construction of a country house
Preparation for the construction begins with a thorough work on the documents, after which they think over how to fit everything that meets the intentions there. Information that dictates standards aimed at ensuring the comfort and safety of residents and their neighbors is set out in the technical standards of SNiP.
If you need constant registration, the rules are binding. SNT services will also be available only after appropriate verification.
The main provisions of SNiP:
Sewerage in the country is optional, the toilet can be put ordinary, but the source of drinking water (pipeline, well) must be present.
So that lovers of monumental buildings do not create inconvenience for neighbors, the norm prescribes to erect them no closer than 3 meters to the fence between the sites.
If there is a passage between cottages, the house should be 3 meters from the "red line", if it is a full street, by 5 meters.
To minimize the risk of fire, distances between buildings are regulated. Houses made of stone, reinforced concrete, block constructions should be located at least 6 m from each other, wooden - from 15, with wooden floors - from 8 m, if there is both stone and wood - 10 m. Between the well and the restroom, compost area should be at least 8 m.
Fire safety standards for a residential building are difficult to implement, but if there is only one or two floors, the requirements for fire resistance of materials for construction are much milder.
If the cottage occupies the territory of 6-12 hundred square meters, there should not be more than 30% of its area under development.
The border between the territories is enclosed by a lattice, a grid, their minimum height is 1.5 m.
The rules for arranging trees are also prescribed. But these nuances are negotiated with neighbors, members of the SNT, as is the erection of deaf fences higher than normal.
The project should provide for the height of living rooms from 2.2 m, utility rooms - from 2 m.
Regarding engineering structures:
effluents do not lead to a neighboring site;
a cylinder of liquefied gas from 12 l is stored in a metal box located no less than 5 m from the entrance, or in an annex built of flammable materials;
only individual electrical wiring passes through the site, an electric meter with a seal is located in the house;
This year, a provision has been introduced according to which the house should be equipped with a radio stream, it is necessary to alert the public about natural disasters, industrial accidents.
Materials used for building houses
Technological progress has not ignored the construction. Modern technologies shorten the process both in time and from a financial point of view. Other materials are so simple in processing and installation that they allow those who do not have experience in construction to work with them. Many will be able to lay the roof, insulate the walls with their own hands.
The construction cost, its speed, reliability and durability of construction, other important parameters depend on the correct choice of material. The question of the choice of material is solved in stages.
Foundation
Before determining the type of foundation, the characteristics of the local climate, soil, the degree of load on the foundation are studied. They find out the type of soil, the level of freezing, how deeply underground water is located specifically in this area. With close-lying groundwater, you should abandon the design of the basement, make the base of the building elevated, use screw anti-corrosion metal piles or asbestos structures.When making estimates, they mean that about a quarter of the total costs will be spent on equipping the foundation.
Column or pile foundation
The foundation, consisting of buried pillars - the most budget option. It is applicable in single-story buildings with low weight (made of wood, panel or frame). Pillars are installed in the corners, in the projections of the joints of walls, partitions. Combine with a metal or wooden grillage. Where soils are able to swell or move, the columnar foundation is impractical. It will also not allow the design of a basement.
The base of the building, consisting of a group of piles united by a concrete, wooden or iron grillage, is most often used on swampy soils prone to expansion. Piles are easy to install, do not require complex preliminary excavation work. It is permissible to build compact brick buildings, wooden log houses, frame houses on them. Light cottages are mounted on screw piles.
Piles are convenient on weak peaty and clay soils, in places with frequent flooding, on hillsides. Here you do not even need to level the place for the foundation.
Strip foundation
The layout of the foundation of this type should correspond to the perimeter of the house itself, the location of the internal partitions. It is built of brick, rubble stone, reinforced concrete. The strip foundation is quite stable, has increased wear resistance, can withstand heavy panel, brick walls, large blocks. Costs of time and finance are significant.
A small country house does not require a lot of deepening and investment. In areas with moist, intumescent, deep-freezing soils, a more economical type of foundation is needed.
Base in the form of a monolithic reinforced slab
Reinforced concrete construction will serve as a reliable foundation for a two-story or three-story building.The slab foundation is advantageous on soils that can swell, where it moves without special consequences, which is why it is also called floating. In addition to the main one, it carries the additional function of a rough floor in the house.
The costs of the slab foundation are quite acceptable. The minus of the construction is the impossibility of arranging a basement, a cellar under the summer cottage construction.
Wall materials
The walls of the houses are of high quality and cost. To determine the optimal material, they are repelled from the purpose of the building. In buildings intended for year-round use, durable and durable materials are used. The most popular core technologies now:
when the walls are built of bricks or blocks by wet laying on the mortar;
frame assembly, ready-made panels are assembled as a designer.
Frame or panel board
Constructed in a short time, belong to the class "economy". The basis of the walls is a wooden frame with insulation. The house is good for temporary construction, for a young family who wants to quickly acquire their own housing.
Using this technology in Europe, the USA has been building for a long time. In Russian latitudes, before dwelling on this method, it is necessary to weigh the positive and negative points. Quality materials are important because their improper storage, coupled with a lack of skills, proper experience with builders will result in an unsuitable house for housing.
What to consider when choosing a project:
without sound insulation, residents will suffer from increased noise levels;
on poorly processed structural elements in a humid environment, a fungus appears over time;
high risk of ignition;
air exchange is poor;
a brick or stone house will last much longer, no matter what the manufacturers say.
Cinder
Only materials ensuring high performance are used. Slag is combined with cement, clay.More durable products are obtained if lime is used instead of clay. In addition to affordable cost, building material has:
good thermal insulation, which positively affects the microclimate;
cinder blocks of a relatively large size, so fewer working hands are required, construction time is reduced.
What can scare off:
in cinder block building there are difficulties during the installation of communication systems;
low degree of sound insulation;
internal and external decoration will be required, the blocks have an unattractive appearance;
Weather protection required.
Gas or foam blocks
The category of the most sought after materials. The production uses sand, cement, water, which ensures environmental cleanliness. The differences are in the supplement. Aerated concrete is obtained using a powder blowing agent, which creates a channel system in the structure. Foam concrete has air pores inside thanks to a special foaming agent. Porosity helps to pass air, which ensures a healthy microclimate. The pluses include:
good noise and heat insulation;
lightness that allows you to build quickly, save on the foundation;
fire safety;
gas silicate blocks can be easily processed with any tool due to their high porosity;
the ability to use different materials for decoration.
There are downsides:
due to the porosity of the gas blocks, the walls of the building become permeable, require vapor barrier;
foam blocks are of little strength, crack when shrinking, a house made of this raw material must be well reinforced.
Sandwich Panel Houses
From the sandwich panels, houses are built quickly, inexpensively. Panels with a three-layer structure, in the middle a heat-insulating layer, pressed on both sides by wood, metal, plastic or magnesite plate. SIP-panel constructions are lightweight, durable, and easy to transport and install.
Benefits:
low transportation costs, quick installation;
houses are not built above the second floor, panels are connected with special locks, special equipment is not required, a powerful foundation too;
construction is carried out at any air temperature;
there is no need for interior decoration, the panels already have it, any external decoration;
additional insulation is not required, SIP panels are many times superior to other materials in terms of thermal insulation properties;
make communications conveniently, rodents, fungus do not live in the walls;
there is the possibility of subsequent upgrades during repair.
It can’t do without flaws either:
only professionals must be involved in the construction, with poor tightness at the joints there are bridges of cold, freezing;
for the construction of a residential building material with non-toxic filler is needed;
in a thermos house you need forced ventilation.
Bar or log cabin
Wooden houses are always beauty and environmental friendliness. They are not hot in summer, warm in winter, they “breathe”. Modern building materials are subjected to special treatments in order to protect against parasites, moisture, make them more fireproof. A house made of profiled timber shrinks for about a year. In houses from glued beams, they immediately begin finishing work, no time for shrinkage is required, but the price is much higher.
The construction of a log house is a laborious process, it can not be mastered with your own hands. It will take a team of skilled strong cutters, a lot of time and money. All stages of construction alternate with the expectation of shrinkage. If you are not building a bathhouse, but at least a one-story house, you will not have to count on piles and poles as the foundation. In the future, the building will require constant care from the owner: protection against mold, parasites, periodic caulking, timely dampness control.
Brick or stone buildings
The use of stone provides construction reliability, beauty, durability. Stone houses look spectacular, they give any form.The advantages of a stone structure:
lack of influence on them of fungi, other parasites;
resistance to adverse effects of winds, precipitation, temperature extremes;
high thermal conductivity (minus for winter time).
There are few shortcomings, but they also have:
a large mass of stone house will require a well-buried foundation.
The same minus is inherent in brick houses. Moreover:
brick walls warm up for a long time, cool slowly; in the winter it will take several days to warm a long unheated room;
“Wet” construction work cannot be carried out in extreme frost or rain;
the material is not cheap, working with it will require the involvement of a qualified, therefore, expensive specialist.
Brick, like stone, is beautiful and environmentally friendly, but, in contrast to it, “breathes”. The brick house has good soundproofing. Ceramic brick has the best properties. Silicate is more dense and absorbs moisture well.
To reduce costs and the load on the foundation, a solid brick is replaced with a hollow brick or lightweight walls are laid out of it with a cavity between parallel masonry, which is filled with heat-insulating material. If necessary, the wall is laid out in one brick, and protection from the cold is provided with a heater.
Installation and roofing
Choosing roofing materials, pay attention to their operational, technical characteristics, cost.
Ceramic tile
Classical material is suitable for any stylistic direction. Roofs of complex configuration are covered with tiles, individual elements can be easily replaced over time. The material is so beautiful that other coatings often try to imitate it.
The tiles are made of clay using old technologies that have not changed. The porous structure protects from heat and cold, and for less water permeability, the outer surface is treated with agnob, glaze. The roof protects against noise and absorbs sounds.The “pounding” of pigeons, the heavy rain of the owners will not bother.
The disadvantages include fragility, a large mass, which must be taken into account at the stage of designing the roof, during transportation, installation. The cost of the material, working with it is rather big.
Cement and Sand Tiles
In appearance, it is close to natural, but it is a concrete structure. The central heating center decently weighs, which leads to an increase in costs for all parts of the structure: foundation, walls, rafter system. With proper installation, such a roof will not be blown away by the wind.
As for the shortcomings, the main ones are a lot of cost, “thanks to” the cement in the composition absorbs moisture well. After 5-7 years, the development of mold, moss, under-roof waterproofing at the joints fogs up noticeably. A rough surface traps snow, which affects the supporting structures. Installation is difficult due to small pieces, it also contributes to leaks. The strength is small, a fallen branch can cause serious damage: to replace one fragment, each tile is unscrewed from the ridge to reach the place of replacement.
Bitumen roofing
Another name is a soft roof. It resembles a roofing material, but the composition is sheet fiberglass, which is poured with bitumen. To increase the strength, stone shale or basalt chips are applied to the front side, and a self-adhesive surface is applied from the inside. A great solution for the design of a custom roof with complex geometry.
It looks aesthetically pleasing, absorbs sounds well, bends. Of the disadvantages:
burns;
fragile in frost;
melts, exudes a smell from extreme heat.
Metal tile
Represents galvanized sheets coated with polymer. The shape is similar to traditional tiles. The quality of products depends on the thickness, density of the protective coating, the number of layers. It is important on what equipment the material is produced. If there are geometric errors, it will not work to lay sheets without gaps. Overall dimensions, color of a metal tile are various.
The material is easy to transport, easy to install, has a low weight. What may not be pleasant during operation is noise. Another disadvantage - during installation, a lot of waste is generated. Manufacturers promise up to a hundred years of operation.
Slate
A reliable material having a cement composite base, which is reinforced with asbestos fibers. Inexpensive, well isolates noise. Asbestos releases harmful substances over time, not every country allows its use.
The quality is much better and longer is shale slate. It is slightly lighter, somewhat irregular in shape. Quality can withstand the weight of a person, if you stand on it. On the roof, both types behave well, protect from bad weather, noise. Only be careful when transporting. Complex architectural elements are unlikely to succeed.
Decking
For those who prefer a low cost rather than outward signs, galvanized steel sheets are in use. The scope is wide: it is a roofing material, and decorative facing. Profiled sheet is used not only for roofs, it serves as a replacement for wooden partitions, acts as a floor, becomes a fence, a wall of a barn, a garage. They are covered with balconies, they make a light roof over the veranda, porch, terrace.
Installation is simple, the period of safe operation is long. The disadvantage is that it makes a lot of noise.
Flange steel roof
The popularity has earned strength, ease, speed of installation. Moreover, the installation is carried out optionally at the installation site. A special flange connection eliminates leaks, galvanized steel does not corrode even at the seams. Of the disadvantages - increased noise, poor resistance to shock.
The material is used in the installation of eaves overhangs, used for wall gutters, gutters, combining with other types of roofs.
Copper roof
Duration of service (up to 150 years) is due to its invulnerability.The reddish color is first replaced by brown, then almost black due to the patina, which protects the metal from corrosion. Repair of copper plating is not difficult. There is no need to change the sheet or strip, they simply lay a patch on the damage site and weld it. Through time - this place will not be noticeable.
The bad thing about the copper roof is that it is too heat-conducting, which creates difficulties in the hot summer, in winter, you may need to use the de-icer system. The tightness of the joints is not always perfect.
The new copper roof does not need care, stripping, staining. The metal is absolutely harmless and even has anabolic properties. Thin sheets take the form of any surface, any architectural experiments are possible with copper.
Arrangement of internal partitions
Internal partitions divide the house into hotel rooms, zones, in accordance with the plan. Their base is lags, not the foundation. These structural elements are made of foam blocks, bricks, plywood. Depending on the design of the room, they use glass, wood, in the decoration they use lumber, plywood, OSB, chipboard.
Before choosing, consider a number of nuances:
The degree of sound insulation between rooms.
How close the wall will be to moisture or stoves.
Do you need access to certain networks.
How likely is the possibility of redevelopment in the future.
Whether partitions will be erected at the construction stage or already on a "clean" finish.
Warming
Insulation works are carried out from the outside of the building, from the inside, or the thermal insulator is placed inside the wall at the construction stage. A combination of several methods may be used. The most popular outdoor insulation, which extends the life of the house, protects against cooling, freezing.
The most common types of insulation are mineral wool, polystyrene foam or plates of extruded polystyrene foam.Any work on thermal insulation is carried out at a positive temperature (+ 5-25 ° C), in strict sequence. This will help to avoid the formation of condensation, fungus, mold.
Facade decoration
Facing the facade, in addition to the decorative function, has a purely utilitarian value. It protects from atmospheric influences, withstands the banal blow of the ball, does not collapse from a collision with a wheelbarrow. Brick, stone wall or log house do not need additional facade decor. Other materials will extend the service life, it is better to keep the microclimate of the interior, if the facade of the building is sheathed additionally.
Types of finishes do not count:
Facade plasters.
Fiber cement boards. They look modest, but for the house in the village it is.
Croaker, other sawmill waste. The costs are small, but will make the appearance of the house original.
Natural stone or its artificial imitations.
Metal (siding, decking, Corten steel).
Mosaic.
Many others.
Options for projects of country houses
The most popular projects are from timber, logs or involving construction using frame technology. For those who prefer capital buildings, typical designs of block houses, cottages from gas-silicate blocks, expanded clay concrete are suitable. The leaders in demand are one-story mini-cottages, houses with an attic, a polycarbonate garage. Ready summer projects are adapted to the needs of a particular family.
Small one-story house project
A country house of modest size will ensure a comfortable stay in it. A compact summer cottage on one level provides for a fireplace inside, a covered terrace outside. When planning a vacation with the whole family, you can choose a project where the bedroom will be on the second level. If funds are available, choose an option that allows year-round living. Connoisseurs of modern style will focus on the design with a flat roof.
Medium House
Usually this structure is of a classical form, approximately 10x10 with simple forms and a gable roof. There is a covered kitchen and a covered terrace. In addition to an additional room, which can be turned into a library, study, guest room, there is a technical room for tools, garden equipment. The attic bedroom has a balcony. To keep warm in the winter, provide a vestibule.
Large building
If there is a large family, it is planned to use the building as a residential one and not only in summer, they build a major house from logs, timber, develop a project of a brick house with insulation of the attic or even a full second floor. The first floor is occupied by a kitchen, living room. A bathroom is usually located here. On the second floor they plan bedrooms, a possible study or other rooms.
House with an attic
Possible summer and winter version. For year-round use of the house, the attic is left without insulation, insulating only the first floor and making the entrance between the two levels hermetic. To increase the free space of the attic, the walls are slightly raised, and the roof is not sloped, but broken.
House with terrace
The covered terrace is very convenient for gatherings on summer evenings, classes with seeds, seedlings. Her plan can be developed along with the plan of the house and provide a common foundation. Most often, it is attached later on a separate columnar, pile foundation. The roof is also mounted separately. On top of the foundation lay a wooden flooring located above the surface of the earth. The design is always open.
House with a Glazed Veranda
It is more convenient to build a veranda at the same time as the house, as a separate foundation will allow you to grab no more than 2 m. The veranda can adjoin 1-2-3 walls. It is partially or fully glazed, receiving an additional room, where they equip the living room, kitchen, sports corner. In the summer, the windows can be fully opened.If the annex is not planned for housing, it will be equipped with an inexpensive pitched roof, in harmony with the overall design.
House with a garage
A garage attached to the house or located at the basement level will significantly save space. With this layout, it is worth considering in advance where to place the door to the room so that gasoline fumes do not penetrate the veranda or hallway.
Two-storey house
With the modest size of the site, it makes sense to increase the living area of the cottage due to the second floor. The load on the foundation at the same time increases slightly, by 60 percent. Floors and roofs will also not take excess funds. Will have to spend money on floors and walls.
Country house with a bath or sauna
A separate building will cost more, so the option with an extension is more profitable. Even with the simultaneous construction of a residential building and a bath, they are placed on different foundations, and the walls between them are carefully insulated to avoid cracks. It is even better if a passageway or at least a canopy is provided between the rooms. It will be more difficult for those receiving water procedures to catch a cold, and the walls of the house will be well waterproofed. If the bathhouse or sauna is adjacent to the house, you can build a stove near the adjacent wall from the side of the house. It’s more useful for housing, the bath room will dry out faster.
House with bay window
Figured ledges of various forms will be organic only in projects with a special architecture. They are attached after the construction of the main building. An additional area has a conservatory or study. The cantilever plates act as the foundation. They are built into the load-bearing wall, it is first reinforced.
Conclusion
A modern summer resident uses the cottage not only for growing and subsequent pickling cucumbers, although there are many people who like to dig in the ground, grow a new variety of tomatoes or an exotic fruit. Buildings in the form of a rickety shed are now not in trend, most want comfortable and interesting rest in the country,to gain strength for the upcoming work week. People come to the summer cottage not to work hard, but to have a good time, play with the children, fry the barbecue, drink a glass with friends. Therefore, the country house is now equipped with universal houses, and the place around, in addition to the beds, is occupied by ponds, lawns, flower beds. Beauty and good.
In the past, when there were 2 structures on 6 acres: a cab and a wooden toilet with a heart cut out on the door. Now the projects of country houses are diverse, they build miniature country houses for summer living and large country cottages with an attic, a veranda, a bathhouse and a swimming pool, where you can live all summer, spend New Years comfortably or live year-round.
Content
The requirements of SNiP for the construction of a country house
Preparation for the construction begins with a thorough work on the documents, after which they think over how to fit everything that meets the intentions there. Information that dictates standards aimed at ensuring the comfort and safety of residents and their neighbors is set out in the technical standards of SNiP.
The main provisions of SNiP:
Regarding engineering structures:
Materials used for building houses
Technological progress has not ignored the construction. Modern technologies shorten the process both in time and from a financial point of view. Other materials are so simple in processing and installation that they allow those who do not have experience in construction to work with them. Many will be able to lay the roof, insulate the walls with their own hands.
The construction cost, its speed, reliability and durability of construction, other important parameters depend on the correct choice of material. The question of the choice of material is solved in stages.
Foundation
Before determining the type of foundation, the characteristics of the local climate, soil, the degree of load on the foundation are studied. They find out the type of soil, the level of freezing, how deeply underground water is located specifically in this area. With close-lying groundwater, you should abandon the design of the basement, make the base of the building elevated, use screw anti-corrosion metal piles or asbestos structures.When making estimates, they mean that about a quarter of the total costs will be spent on equipping the foundation.
Column or pile foundation
The foundation, consisting of buried pillars - the most budget option. It is applicable in single-story buildings with low weight (made of wood, panel or frame). Pillars are installed in the corners, in the projections of the joints of walls, partitions. Combine with a metal or wooden grillage. Where soils are able to swell or move, the columnar foundation is impractical. It will also not allow the design of a basement.
The base of the building, consisting of a group of piles united by a concrete, wooden or iron grillage, is most often used on swampy soils prone to expansion. Piles are easy to install, do not require complex preliminary excavation work. It is permissible to build compact brick buildings, wooden log houses, frame houses on them. Light cottages are mounted on screw piles.
Strip foundation
The layout of the foundation of this type should correspond to the perimeter of the house itself, the location of the internal partitions. It is built of brick, rubble stone, reinforced concrete. The strip foundation is quite stable, has increased wear resistance, can withstand heavy panel, brick walls, large blocks. Costs of time and finance are significant.
A small country house does not require a lot of deepening and investment. In areas with moist, intumescent, deep-freezing soils, a more economical type of foundation is needed.
Base in the form of a monolithic reinforced slab
Reinforced concrete construction will serve as a reliable foundation for a two-story or three-story building.The slab foundation is advantageous on soils that can swell, where it moves without special consequences, which is why it is also called floating. In addition to the main one, it carries the additional function of a rough floor in the house.
The costs of the slab foundation are quite acceptable. The minus of the construction is the impossibility of arranging a basement, a cellar under the summer cottage construction.
Wall materials
The walls of the houses are of high quality and cost. To determine the optimal material, they are repelled from the purpose of the building. In buildings intended for year-round use, durable and durable materials are used. The most popular core technologies now:
Frame or panel board
Constructed in a short time, belong to the class "economy". The basis of the walls is a wooden frame with insulation. The house is good for temporary construction, for a young family who wants to quickly acquire their own housing.
Using this technology in Europe, the USA has been building for a long time. In Russian latitudes, before dwelling on this method, it is necessary to weigh the positive and negative points. Quality materials are important because their improper storage, coupled with a lack of skills, proper experience with builders will result in an unsuitable house for housing.
What to consider when choosing a project:
Cinder
Only materials ensuring high performance are used. Slag is combined with cement, clay.More durable products are obtained if lime is used instead of clay. In addition to affordable cost, building material has:
What can scare off:
Gas or foam blocks
The category of the most sought after materials. The production uses sand, cement, water, which ensures environmental cleanliness. The differences are in the supplement. Aerated concrete is obtained using a powder blowing agent, which creates a channel system in the structure. Foam concrete has air pores inside thanks to a special foaming agent. Porosity helps to pass air, which ensures a healthy microclimate. The pluses include:
There are downsides:
Sandwich Panel Houses
From the sandwich panels, houses are built quickly, inexpensively. Panels with a three-layer structure, in the middle a heat-insulating layer, pressed on both sides by wood, metal, plastic or magnesite plate. SIP-panel constructions are lightweight, durable, and easy to transport and install.
Benefits:
It can’t do without flaws either:
Bar or log cabin
Wooden houses are always beauty and environmental friendliness. They are not hot in summer, warm in winter, they “breathe”. Modern building materials are subjected to special treatments in order to protect against parasites, moisture, make them more fireproof. A house made of profiled timber shrinks for about a year. In houses from glued beams, they immediately begin finishing work, no time for shrinkage is required, but the price is much higher.
The construction of a log house is a laborious process, it can not be mastered with your own hands. It will take a team of skilled strong cutters, a lot of time and money. All stages of construction alternate with the expectation of shrinkage. If you are not building a bathhouse, but at least a one-story house, you will not have to count on piles and poles as the foundation. In the future, the building will require constant care from the owner: protection against mold, parasites, periodic caulking, timely dampness control.
Brick or stone buildings
The use of stone provides construction reliability, beauty, durability. Stone houses look spectacular, they give any form.The advantages of a stone structure:
There are few shortcomings, but they also have:
The same minus is inherent in brick houses. Moreover:
Brick, like stone, is beautiful and environmentally friendly, but, in contrast to it, “breathes”. The brick house has good soundproofing. Ceramic brick has the best properties. Silicate is more dense and absorbs moisture well.
To reduce costs and the load on the foundation, a solid brick is replaced with a hollow brick or lightweight walls are laid out of it with a cavity between parallel masonry, which is filled with heat-insulating material. If necessary, the wall is laid out in one brick, and protection from the cold is provided with a heater.
Installation and roofing
Choosing roofing materials, pay attention to their operational, technical characteristics, cost.
Ceramic tile
Classical material is suitable for any stylistic direction. Roofs of complex configuration are covered with tiles, individual elements can be easily replaced over time. The material is so beautiful that other coatings often try to imitate it.
The tiles are made of clay using old technologies that have not changed. The porous structure protects from heat and cold, and for less water permeability, the outer surface is treated with agnob, glaze. The roof protects against noise and absorbs sounds.The “pounding” of pigeons, the heavy rain of the owners will not bother.
The disadvantages include fragility, a large mass, which must be taken into account at the stage of designing the roof, during transportation, installation. The cost of the material, working with it is rather big.
Cement and Sand Tiles
In appearance, it is close to natural, but it is a concrete structure. The central heating center decently weighs, which leads to an increase in costs for all parts of the structure: foundation, walls, rafter system. With proper installation, such a roof will not be blown away by the wind.
As for the shortcomings, the main ones are a lot of cost, “thanks to” the cement in the composition absorbs moisture well. After 5-7 years, the development of mold, moss, under-roof waterproofing at the joints fogs up noticeably. A rough surface traps snow, which affects the supporting structures. Installation is difficult due to small pieces, it also contributes to leaks. The strength is small, a fallen branch can cause serious damage: to replace one fragment, each tile is unscrewed from the ridge to reach the place of replacement.
Bitumen roofing
Another name is a soft roof. It resembles a roofing material, but the composition is sheet fiberglass, which is poured with bitumen. To increase the strength, stone shale or basalt chips are applied to the front side, and a self-adhesive surface is applied from the inside. A great solution for the design of a custom roof with complex geometry.
It looks aesthetically pleasing, absorbs sounds well, bends. Of the disadvantages:
Metal tile
Represents galvanized sheets coated with polymer. The shape is similar to traditional tiles. The quality of products depends on the thickness, density of the protective coating, the number of layers. It is important on what equipment the material is produced. If there are geometric errors, it will not work to lay sheets without gaps. Overall dimensions, color of a metal tile are various.
The material is easy to transport, easy to install, has a low weight. What may not be pleasant during operation is noise. Another disadvantage - during installation, a lot of waste is generated. Manufacturers promise up to a hundred years of operation.
Slate
A reliable material having a cement composite base, which is reinforced with asbestos fibers. Inexpensive, well isolates noise. Asbestos releases harmful substances over time, not every country allows its use.
The quality is much better and longer is shale slate. It is slightly lighter, somewhat irregular in shape. Quality can withstand the weight of a person, if you stand on it. On the roof, both types behave well, protect from bad weather, noise. Only be careful when transporting. Complex architectural elements are unlikely to succeed.
Decking
For those who prefer a low cost rather than outward signs, galvanized steel sheets are in use. The scope is wide: it is a roofing material, and decorative facing. Profiled sheet is used not only for roofs, it serves as a replacement for wooden partitions, acts as a floor, becomes a fence, a wall of a barn, a garage. They are covered with balconies, they make a light roof over the veranda, porch, terrace.
Installation is simple, the period of safe operation is long. The disadvantage is that it makes a lot of noise.
Flange steel roof
The popularity has earned strength, ease, speed of installation. Moreover, the installation is carried out optionally at the installation site. A special flange connection eliminates leaks, galvanized steel does not corrode even at the seams. Of the disadvantages - increased noise, poor resistance to shock.
The material is used in the installation of eaves overhangs, used for wall gutters, gutters, combining with other types of roofs.
Copper roof
Duration of service (up to 150 years) is due to its invulnerability.The reddish color is first replaced by brown, then almost black due to the patina, which protects the metal from corrosion. Repair of copper plating is not difficult. There is no need to change the sheet or strip, they simply lay a patch on the damage site and weld it. Through time - this place will not be noticeable.
The bad thing about the copper roof is that it is too heat-conducting, which creates difficulties in the hot summer, in winter, you may need to use the de-icer system. The tightness of the joints is not always perfect.
The new copper roof does not need care, stripping, staining. The metal is absolutely harmless and even has anabolic properties. Thin sheets take the form of any surface, any architectural experiments are possible with copper.
Arrangement of internal partitions
Internal partitions divide the house into hotel rooms, zones, in accordance with the plan. Their base is lags, not the foundation. These structural elements are made of foam blocks, bricks, plywood. Depending on the design of the room, they use glass, wood, in the decoration they use lumber, plywood, OSB, chipboard.
Before choosing, consider a number of nuances:
Warming
Insulation works are carried out from the outside of the building, from the inside, or the thermal insulator is placed inside the wall at the construction stage. A combination of several methods may be used. The most popular outdoor insulation, which extends the life of the house, protects against cooling, freezing.
The most common types of insulation are mineral wool, polystyrene foam or plates of extruded polystyrene foam.Any work on thermal insulation is carried out at a positive temperature (+ 5-25 ° C), in strict sequence. This will help to avoid the formation of condensation, fungus, mold.
Facade decoration
Facing the facade, in addition to the decorative function, has a purely utilitarian value. It protects from atmospheric influences, withstands the banal blow of the ball, does not collapse from a collision with a wheelbarrow. Brick, stone wall or log house do not need additional facade decor. Other materials will extend the service life, it is better to keep the microclimate of the interior, if the facade of the building is sheathed additionally.
Types of finishes do not count:
Options for projects of country houses
The most popular projects are from timber, logs or involving construction using frame technology. For those who prefer capital buildings, typical designs of block houses, cottages from gas-silicate blocks, expanded clay concrete are suitable. The leaders in demand are one-story mini-cottages, houses with an attic, a polycarbonate garage. Ready summer projects are adapted to the needs of a particular family.
Small one-story house project
A country house of modest size will ensure a comfortable stay in it. A compact summer cottage on one level provides for a fireplace inside, a covered terrace outside. When planning a vacation with the whole family, you can choose a project where the bedroom will be on the second level. If funds are available, choose an option that allows year-round living. Connoisseurs of modern style will focus on the design with a flat roof.
Medium House
Usually this structure is of a classical form, approximately 10x10 with simple forms and a gable roof. There is a covered kitchen and a covered terrace. In addition to an additional room, which can be turned into a library, study, guest room, there is a technical room for tools, garden equipment. The attic bedroom has a balcony. To keep warm in the winter, provide a vestibule.
Large building
If there is a large family, it is planned to use the building as a residential one and not only in summer, they build a major house from logs, timber, develop a project of a brick house with insulation of the attic or even a full second floor. The first floor is occupied by a kitchen, living room. A bathroom is usually located here. On the second floor they plan bedrooms, a possible study or other rooms.
House with an attic
Possible summer and winter version. For year-round use of the house, the attic is left without insulation, insulating only the first floor and making the entrance between the two levels hermetic. To increase the free space of the attic, the walls are slightly raised, and the roof is not sloped, but broken.
House with terrace
The covered terrace is very convenient for gatherings on summer evenings, classes with seeds, seedlings. Her plan can be developed along with the plan of the house and provide a common foundation. Most often, it is attached later on a separate columnar, pile foundation. The roof is also mounted separately. On top of the foundation lay a wooden flooring located above the surface of the earth. The design is always open.
House with a Glazed Veranda
It is more convenient to build a veranda at the same time as the house, as a separate foundation will allow you to grab no more than 2 m. The veranda can adjoin 1-2-3 walls. It is partially or fully glazed, receiving an additional room, where they equip the living room, kitchen, sports corner. In the summer, the windows can be fully opened.If the annex is not planned for housing, it will be equipped with an inexpensive pitched roof, in harmony with the overall design.
House with a garage
A garage attached to the house or located at the basement level will significantly save space. With this layout, it is worth considering in advance where to place the door to the room so that gasoline fumes do not penetrate the veranda or hallway.
Two-storey house
With the modest size of the site, it makes sense to increase the living area of the cottage due to the second floor. The load on the foundation at the same time increases slightly, by 60 percent. Floors and roofs will also not take excess funds. Will have to spend money on floors and walls.
Country house with a bath or sauna
A separate building will cost more, so the option with an extension is more profitable. Even with the simultaneous construction of a residential building and a bath, they are placed on different foundations, and the walls between them are carefully insulated to avoid cracks. It is even better if a passageway or at least a canopy is provided between the rooms. It will be more difficult for those receiving water procedures to catch a cold, and the walls of the house will be well waterproofed. If the bathhouse or sauna is adjacent to the house, you can build a stove near the adjacent wall from the side of the house. It’s more useful for housing, the bath room will dry out faster.
House with bay window
Figured ledges of various forms will be organic only in projects with a special architecture. They are attached after the construction of the main building. An additional area has a conservatory or study. The cantilever plates act as the foundation. They are built into the load-bearing wall, it is first reinforced.
Conclusion
A modern summer resident uses the cottage not only for growing and subsequent pickling cucumbers, although there are many people who like to dig in the ground, grow a new variety of tomatoes or an exotic fruit. Buildings in the form of a rickety shed are now not in trend, most want comfortable and interesting rest in the country,to gain strength for the upcoming work week. People come to the summer cottage not to work hard, but to have a good time, play with the children, fry the barbecue, drink a glass with friends. Therefore, the country house is now equipped with universal houses, and the place around, in addition to the beds, is occupied by ponds, lawns, flower beds. Beauty and good.