Many people think about building their own home. The first complex solutions await them at the design stage. It’s not easy to choose a typical project. After all, I want the building to be not only attractive in appearance, but also cozy. One of the striking examples of structures that differ in natural beauty and functionality are Scandinavian houses. During their construction, special attention is paid to energy conservation, environmental cleanliness, and thoughtful planning.
The Scandinavian style in architecture originated in the countries of Northern Europe, it is very diverse and interesting. Its geographical homeland is Finland and Norway, but most of all it has absorbed Swedish traditions. Although this trend originated in the early Middle Ages, but as an independent phenomenon appeared only in the era of the reign of the Swedish king Gustav III, and became widespread in the middle of the 20th century.
The principles of construction, interior design, architectural appearance was formed under the influence of the harsh climate and practicality of the northern peoples living on the territory of Europe’s largest peninsula. Houses are devoid of pretentiousness, they are characterized by a simple design of offices, durability, well retain heat. The main distinguishing features of this direction include:
simple design;
low-rise buildings, Scandinavians do not build high-rise structures; mostly projects of one-story structures are found, less often two floors;
strict geometric shapes, straight lines;
a characteristic gable roof with a steep slope, but there are projects with a gable, broken roof;
the presence of large windows, panoramic glazing is allowed;
impressive porch or terrace;
use in the construction of natural, environmentally friendly materials;
minimal use of decorative elements;
simplicity and conciseness of the interior decoration;
rational use of internal space;
the use of energy-saving technologies.
The Scandinavian house is a modern building that will not lose its relevance over the years.This is an environmentally friendly home with spacious and bright rooms, very comfortable and cozy, as much as possible filled with natural light.
Varieties of frame house kits
Frame housing is characteristic of many northern countries. Low-rise prefabricated structures are popular not only in Scandinavia or Finland, but are also in great demand in the USA, Germany, Japan. The technology for the construction of a residential structure consists in its assembly from prefabricated elements. The components used for work differ only in the degree of readiness. By type of house sets, 4 main groups can be distinguished:
Ready blocks. Assembly of entire modules is carried out at the factory. At the construction site, the structure is constructed from prepared components. However, this type of construction is quite rare, as there are problems with transportation, installation of large components.
Domokomplekt high degree of readiness. Kits are brought to the construction site, which are parts of the walls that have an external finish, a rough inner lining, doors, heat-insulating, vapor-insulating materials are inserted into them.
Designs with base panels. Blocks are less prepared. Facade decoration, insulation, windows and doors are installed on site.
Pre-chopped ingredients. All frame components are pre-manufactured at the enterprise, numbered, their connection is carried out at the construction site according to the instructions. Finishing materials arrive in unbroken condition.
Features of the construction of frame houses according to the Scandinavian technology
In the construction of the building only natural materials are used. The main raw material is wood. However, not every breed is used in construction. High density wood is suitable for work. A frame is assembled from logs and boards, its open frames are filled with insulation, after which lining is performed.The advantages of this design include:
low cost;
simple installation work that can be done with your own hands;
speed of construction;
environmental friendliness;
reliability and durability;
functionality.
However, such buildings are not without drawbacks:
fire hazard;
low noise insulation;
low rise;
low strength.
A house in the Scandinavian style is an excellent solution, both for a seasonal seasonal dacha and a full-fledged housing suitable for permanent residence. In addition to the approach to its assembly from prepared panels and components, these houses are distinguished by the construction of structural components. Consider the main features of the individual elements that are part of the overall design.
Foundation
Building a house begins with its foundation. This is an important part of any structure. Its main function is the uniform distribution of the load exerted by the structure on the base. This leads to the fact that it must be strong enough, durable. Calculations for the construction of the base should be carried out by experienced engineers who take into account the category of soil, terrain, groundwater height, and other parameters. When constructing frame houses according to Scandinavian technology, two main types of supporting structures are used:
Prefabricated tape (it is also called the insulated Finnish UVF foundation). It is an ordinary tape reinforced with a thin concrete slab, the thickness of which is 10-15 cm. All necessary communications are laid in it. The manufacturing process is as follows:
a trench is digging around the perimeter of the house being built, its depth is calculated depending on the load (for example, for a 10x6 m frame, a depth of 50 cm, a width of 60 cm is enough);
the bottom is compacted, covered with geotextile, a layer of gravel up to 30 cm is poured, it is also rammed;
formwork is installed;
a waterproofing layer is laid, for example, steklohydroizol;
the bottom and walls of the trench are covered with a thick plastic film;
the reinforcing frame is laid;
a concrete heel is poured with a size of 60 cm (width) x 20 cm (thickness);
after the concrete base has hardened, a waterproofing layer is laid on top of 3-4 rows of hollow expanded clay concrete blocks, each row of which is reinforced with metal bars;
from the inside, one layer of extruded polystyrene foam is attached to the blocks;
the inner perimeter is covered with soil;
necessary engineering communications are carried out, drain sewer pipes are laid at a certain angle so that sewage does not stagnate in them;
then crushed stone is poured inside, compacted, geotextiles spread on top, a sand cushion is made;
having leveled a layer of sand, plates of expanded polystyrene are spread on the surface;
a plastic film, a metal mesh is laid on top;
concrete screed 10 cm thick is poured.
Plate foundation (insulated Swedish plate USP). This type is a monolithic base of a shallow laying, in which the underfloor heating system is embedded. The manufacturing process of the base is as follows:
pit preparation;
along its perimeter, a trench is digging, into which a perforated drainage pipe is laid, providing drainage of rain, melt, groundwater;
engineering communications are being carried out, a water supply system, sewage system is being carried out, electrical networks are being laid;
the bottom of the pit is rammed, covered with geotextiles;
the pillow from crushed stone is poured, compacted, the geo-fabric is laid, a layer of sand comes from above, which is watered with water, leveled;
insulation is placed on top of the pillow in the form of two layers of plates of extruded polystyrene foam;
a wooden formwork is mounted around the perimeter;
installation of a reinforcing belt;
mounted underfloor heating system;
poured concrete pillow.
Frame
In the Scandinavian countries there is no single standard that defines the type of building frame. The structure of the box can vary in many ways. However, its basis is pre-dried planed boards. Wooden beams are less commonly used. The lumber passes through chamber drying; at the outlet it has a moisture content not exceeding 20%. This ensures minimal shrinkage of the finished structure, allows you to make the finish lining immediately after installation.
Another feature of the frame house, made according to Scandinavian technology, is the presence of the Finnish crossbar. It is a long board, extended along the entire wall, connected with all the vertical posts under the upper harness. It allows you to evenly distribute the load throughout the structure, adds strength to it. It makes it possible to install door and window openings without the use of dual support pillars and additional horizontal jumpers.
In Scandinavia, support bars are mass-produced. Large manufacturers often make them in the form of brands or I-beams. This design allows you to increase the heat efficiency of the house, due to the reduction of heat transfer between the outer and inner sides of the rack, but the cost of building material increases significantly. Many are trying to save money and begin to build using ordinary rectangular beams.
Roof
The roof system in the Scandinavian frames is designed in such a way that all the load is transferred to the external walls of the house. Internal load-bearing partitions are extremely rare, as an exception to the rule. This fact allows you to plan the house for every taste.
In the construction of residential buildings in Scandinavia, in most cases, house kits are used. Ceilings and trusses are also produced at the factory.Ready-made designs are very convenient. However, they have significant weight, which complicates their loading and unloading, transportation, installation in place.
When constructing the attic, ready-made farms are also used, which differ in impressive size and weight. They are a structure consisting of a ceiling, walls, rafters. It is impossible to independently mount large-sized elements. For work, lifting equipment is used.
The roof and floors are insulated with a layer of thermal insulation from mineral wool. Top covered with a waterproofing film. On top of it, a crate and a counter-crate are installed, providing ventilation. As a roofing building material, natural and artificial tiles, metal tiles, seam roofs are used.
Room layout
As already noted, inside the frame houses there are no load-bearing partitions, so any layout can be done. When drawing up a drawing, which indicates the location and dimensions of the premises, it is necessary to adhere to established norms and standards. You should first familiarize yourself with the finished projects, which can be found in catalogs posted on the websites of Scandinavian construction companies. Typically, a house should have the following rooms:
Living room. Spacious and bright, designed for families, receptions. It should have access to a terrace or veranda. Often it is combined with a dining room or kitchen area.
Canteen. This room is optional, but if the area allows, it is advisable to provide for it.
Bedroom, children. Three lounges are enough for a full-fledged family.
Bathroom. In two-story buildings, two bathtubs are usually installed on different floors.
Utility rooms. This includes dressing rooms for family members, pantries, linen.
Sauna. It is optional. It is possible to provide a spacious separate structure on the site.
Kitchen, bathroom.A space is allocated where there will be enough space to accommodate compact, multifunctional furniture and kitchen appliances.
Wind protection and wall cladding
Without the organization of wind protection it is impossible to talk about high-quality thermal insulation at home. Some people mistakenly believe that insulation compensates for windbreaks. The wind barrier protects the building from blowing, eliminates the penetration of wind into the structure. When organizing it, special attention is paid to the joints and corners of the structure. When choosing a suitable material, the following qualities are taken into account: vapor permeability, resistance to moisture, density of raw materials. As the main building materials use:
OSB plates. This is an effective wind protection, an excellent base for subsequent cladding. They provide additional thermal and sound insulation. However, they do not tolerate a humid environment, they change linear dimensions with temperature, so they are not suitable for the northern regions.
Drywall for external cladding. The material has a hydrophobic impregnation, prevents the blowing of the insulation, the penetration of moisture. It allows you to level the surface of the walls, protects against precipitation and condensation, resistant to temperature extremes. Building material does not provide additional thermal insulation; it deforms during prolonged contact with liquid.
Isoplat or MDL (soft wood fiber boards). Raw materials are characterized by high thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, vapor permeability, sound insulation, environmental friendliness. The main disadvantage is the high cost, fear of moisture.
Fiberboard. It consists of 60% wood fibers, the rest is Portland cement and various additives. This is a very durable building material, which can be safely called the optimal solution for organizing wind protection.
Wall insulation
The wall cake of the Scandinavian house includes the following elements: facade, counter-lattice, windproof plate, frame with insulation, vapor barrier, crate, additional insulation, interior decoration. When organizing wall insulation, the frame is filled with basalt wool, less often ecowool.The thickness of the insulating layer is 20-30 cm, for floors this figure increases to 50 cm.
After laying the mineral wool, the inside frame is glued with a vapor barrier film. On top of it, a crate of bars of 4.5 x 4.5 cm is installed. Electrical wiring is routed inside, cross internal insulation is carried out on top, basalt slabs 5 cm thick are laid. After this, finishing is finished from gypsum cardboard, various panels, and other materials.
The internal transverse lathing serves not only for fastening the facing layer, but also protects the vapor barrier from the laid communications.
Facade decoration
Scandinavian-style homes are made from natural materials, but their cost can be excessively high. Manufacturers offer many synthetic analogues that can replace natural raw materials. They can have a wood texture, imitate stone or brick. The following building materials can be used as decoration:
lining;
boards of various configurations, covered with several layers of paint;
facing brick;
vinyl siding;
plaster;
fibropanels;
thermal panels;
wooden front panels;
metal siding;
rubble masonry.
The inhabitants of the Scandinavian Peninsula for facade cladding mainly use natural wood, which is characterized by rough processing, painted with 2-3 layers of body paint. Sometimes plaster is used. You can decorate the front side of the house with any of the materials listed above. The choice depends on the personal preferences of the owner of the structure, its final appearance.
Windows and doors of a Scandinavian house
It is very difficult to purchase some elements of a frame house. This applies to windows. Original designs are very expensive, and analogues do not differ in quality. Standard windows have two different leaf thicknesses. The inner is almost twice as thick as the outer.This is due to the fact that the inner sash is made of natural wood, and the outer one is made of aluminum. Such a device provides a similar degree of rigidity to the materials used in the production.
Another feature is the presence of blinds located between the wings, which protect the lamellas from dust. This allows you to clean the light protection device no more than once every six months. Separately, one can distinguish such a structural element as a filter valve located in the upper part of the frame, which provides ventilation of the room in the cold season.
The choice of doors is much simpler. As input models, paneled options from solid wood, metal veneered, glued, thyroid canvases are suitable. When choosing interior doors, their color is taken into account, which can be white or bluish-gray. Accessories must have strict geometric shapes. As the main options, you can consider veneered, laminated, PVC, solid wood doors.
Communications
Most engineering communications are laid at the initial stage of the construction of the building. They are calculated at the time of design, are included in the overall plan. First of all, the supply of cold and hot water pipes is made, sewage is installed. Mounted underfloor heating system. All these elements are laid at the stage of foundation formation.
For heating the ground floor, a warm floor is usually enough. The second can be heated with radiators or electric convectors. Electrical wiring is hidden inside the outer load-bearing walls, located under a layer of additional internal thermal insulation. Channels and corrugations are not used for laying cables. The bet is on high-quality wiring and automation.
Air inflow and exhaust can be carried out both naturally and artificially.As ventilation, whole supply and exhaust systems and supply valves are used. The latter are installed in the walls of bedrooms, living rooms, offices, on window frames. Act in tandem with forced hoods, which are located in the bathrooms, in the kitchen.
Scandinavian style in the interior of the house
Many beloved Scandinavian style is able to turn a room of any size into a cozy, elegant room. Northern interiors can be very diverse, both bright and muted. Design solutions include a lot of directions. Even using similar techniques, you can achieve different perceptions.
Decoration materials
When choosing materials for surface design in the Scandinavian style, you must adhere to certain rules. It can only be natural elements. More often use wood. Instead of impregnation and varnishes, it is painted white or artificially aged. Wallpapers practically do not use, they are replaced with plaster.
Scandinavian furniture is also made of wood, but metal interior items or natural stone parts are allowed. Designers do not recommend using plastic or artificial finishing materials. They will distort the overall picture, reduce the cost of the atmosphere.
Color schemes
One of the main roles in creating any interior is played by the color palette. The hallmark of the Scandinavian style are the 3 primary colors associated with the vast northern expanses. Interior design cannot be imagined without:
White. It is used in the design of any elements of the room. It looks great everywhere, reflects light, and increases space.
Gray. Used to designate one of the walls, minor accessories. Also in shades of gray can be furniture, decor elements. With the help of gray, zoning is carried out, a specific area is visually indicated.
Black. It is important to apply this deep color dosed.Its quite a bit to indicate the necessary accents. Black and white floor tiles, slate in the kitchen, original tall lamps will look good.
To avoid the feeling of sterility and boredom, white is replaced with cream, beige, pearl and other warm shades. Cold gray can be successfully shaded with blue, lettuce, turquoise.
Wall decoration
For the decoration of walls using natural materials and pastel colors. Surfaces can be painted white or sheathed with wood wall panels. If you decide to use wallpaper, then it should be light plain canvas. Beautiful texture will make the interior simple and unusual.
Veneer, MDF, plywood with imitation of birch, beech, exotic varieties fill the room with warmth, emphasizing naturalness. A frequent choice of owners of apartments and houses is ceramic tile. It is used for facing surfaces in rooms for any purpose. A popular option for wall decoration is brick tile.
Device and flooring
As floor coverings often use a laminate, parquet board. Wooden floors leave a natural color or whiten, emphasizing the natural pattern. In rooms with high humidity, in the kitchen, in the bathroom, the floor is lined with ceramic tiles. It can be a plain coating or a strict geometric pattern.
Rugs and carpets are not used when designing a floor in the Scandinavian style. Small rugs with a high pile by the bed, natural animal skin by the fireplace or in the center of the room are allowed.
Furniture
Tables, chairs, beds in the Scandinavian style should be as simple and comfortable as possible. In order to properly furnish a room, one should pay attention to the following parameters when choosing products:
These should be practical, compact items without any frills;
If these are wooden elements, preference should be given to light species (beech, pine, birch);
In addition to textile upholstery, leather and suede are allowed;
Upholstered furniture should have straight lines and the correct geometry.
Lighting Features
A Scandinavian-style room should be lit by many sources. Light is the main element of the interior. Both natural and artificial options are allowed. Large panoramic windows fill the room with natural light. To create a harmonious picture, the finish of the frames is echoed with a touch of flooring. Snow-white weightless curtains give lightness to large openings.
The deficit of lighting is compensated by lighting devices, reflecting surfaces. Large spherical chandeliers, spotlights, wall sconces, original floor lamps will look beautiful. To indicate accents, light bulbs of various intensities and glow colors are used.
Accessories and accents
So that the Scandinavian interior does not seem so dull, it is diluted with various color accents. The most popular option is indoor plants. A few modest pots with green spaces emphasize the naturalness and naturalness of the interior. Decorative bonsai, arborvitae, dracaena will look great.
The main emphasis in Scandinavian living rooms is on the fireplace. A decorative woodpile located nearby and a natural animal skin on the floor will add coziness and comfort. As accessories use wall stickers, black and white paintings, photographs. Bright pillows on the couch will help to create a mood.
Scandinavian style private house exterior
The exterior decoration of any private building in Scandinavian style is modest and restrained. Any high-tech approach and artistic and decorative innovations are excluded. As well as indoors, absolute color harmony, quality, naturalness of materials should be present. For the construction of modern country houses, in addition to the beam usual for Scandinavians, concrete structures and bricks are used.
Features of landscape design
Modern landscape design in the Scandinavian style is based on a number of factors - functionality, harmony, aesthetics. It includes a piece of country, modern, high-tech, eco. On the site make compositions from any perennials that can survive the winter. More often it is ground cover plants and ornamental shrubs. The Scandinavian site has the following typical features:
Green lawn;
Narrow gravel paths;
Wooden low hedges;
Hedgerow, green borders;
Alpine hill;
Budget cozy terrace.
Porch decoration
The adjacent area at the entrance to the house is often converted into a cozy resting place. A small terrace will be a practical and aesthetic solution. On a small elevation from the ground, deck boards are installed and painted to match the facade of the building. The porch is decorated with simple benches, natural plants in tubs.
If the area of the summer residence allows, there is a dining table and comfortable sun loungers on the terrace. Wooden pergola protects from the sun. To protect the porch, mark its boundaries with the help of a wooden or hedge.
Conclusion
The architecture of the Scandinavian buildings allows them to fit into any landscape without disturbing it at all. The rational use of any part of the cottage or street space will help to use even a small building with maximum benefit. Thanks to a rational layout, the ability to use energy-saving technologies, servicing multi-storey buildings will become much easier.
Many people think about building their own home. The first complex solutions await them at the design stage. It’s not easy to choose a typical project. After all, I want the building to be not only attractive in appearance, but also cozy. One of the striking examples of structures that differ in natural beauty and functionality are Scandinavian houses. During their construction, special attention is paid to energy conservation, environmental cleanliness, and thoughtful planning.
Content
Features of the Scandinavian style
The Scandinavian style in architecture originated in the countries of Northern Europe, it is very diverse and interesting. Its geographical homeland is Finland and Norway, but most of all it has absorbed Swedish traditions. Although this trend originated in the early Middle Ages, but as an independent phenomenon appeared only in the era of the reign of the Swedish king Gustav III, and became widespread in the middle of the 20th century.
The principles of construction, interior design, architectural appearance was formed under the influence of the harsh climate and practicality of the northern peoples living on the territory of Europe’s largest peninsula. Houses are devoid of pretentiousness, they are characterized by a simple design of offices, durability, well retain heat. The main distinguishing features of this direction include:
Varieties of frame house kits
Frame housing is characteristic of many northern countries. Low-rise prefabricated structures are popular not only in Scandinavia or Finland, but are also in great demand in the USA, Germany, Japan. The technology for the construction of a residential structure consists in its assembly from prefabricated elements. The components used for work differ only in the degree of readiness. By type of house sets, 4 main groups can be distinguished:
Features of the construction of frame houses according to the Scandinavian technology
In the construction of the building only natural materials are used. The main raw material is wood. However, not every breed is used in construction. High density wood is suitable for work. A frame is assembled from logs and boards, its open frames are filled with insulation, after which lining is performed.The advantages of this design include:
However, such buildings are not without drawbacks:
A house in the Scandinavian style is an excellent solution, both for a seasonal seasonal dacha and a full-fledged housing suitable for permanent residence. In addition to the approach to its assembly from prepared panels and components, these houses are distinguished by the construction of structural components. Consider the main features of the individual elements that are part of the overall design.
Foundation
Building a house begins with its foundation. This is an important part of any structure. Its main function is the uniform distribution of the load exerted by the structure on the base. This leads to the fact that it must be strong enough, durable. Calculations for the construction of the base should be carried out by experienced engineers who take into account the category of soil, terrain, groundwater height, and other parameters. When constructing frame houses according to Scandinavian technology, two main types of supporting structures are used:
Frame
In the Scandinavian countries there is no single standard that defines the type of building frame. The structure of the box can vary in many ways. However, its basis is pre-dried planed boards. Wooden beams are less commonly used. The lumber passes through chamber drying; at the outlet it has a moisture content not exceeding 20%. This ensures minimal shrinkage of the finished structure, allows you to make the finish lining immediately after installation.
Another feature of the frame house, made according to Scandinavian technology, is the presence of the Finnish crossbar. It is a long board, extended along the entire wall, connected with all the vertical posts under the upper harness. It allows you to evenly distribute the load throughout the structure, adds strength to it. It makes it possible to install door and window openings without the use of dual support pillars and additional horizontal jumpers.
In Scandinavia, support bars are mass-produced. Large manufacturers often make them in the form of brands or I-beams. This design allows you to increase the heat efficiency of the house, due to the reduction of heat transfer between the outer and inner sides of the rack, but the cost of building material increases significantly. Many are trying to save money and begin to build using ordinary rectangular beams.
Roof
The roof system in the Scandinavian frames is designed in such a way that all the load is transferred to the external walls of the house. Internal load-bearing partitions are extremely rare, as an exception to the rule. This fact allows you to plan the house for every taste.
In the construction of residential buildings in Scandinavia, in most cases, house kits are used. Ceilings and trusses are also produced at the factory.Ready-made designs are very convenient. However, they have significant weight, which complicates their loading and unloading, transportation, installation in place.
When constructing the attic, ready-made farms are also used, which differ in impressive size and weight. They are a structure consisting of a ceiling, walls, rafters. It is impossible to independently mount large-sized elements. For work, lifting equipment is used.
The roof and floors are insulated with a layer of thermal insulation from mineral wool. Top covered with a waterproofing film. On top of it, a crate and a counter-crate are installed, providing ventilation. As a roofing building material, natural and artificial tiles, metal tiles, seam roofs are used.
Room layout
As already noted, inside the frame houses there are no load-bearing partitions, so any layout can be done. When drawing up a drawing, which indicates the location and dimensions of the premises, it is necessary to adhere to established norms and standards. You should first familiarize yourself with the finished projects, which can be found in catalogs posted on the websites of Scandinavian construction companies. Typically, a house should have the following rooms:
Wind protection and wall cladding
Without the organization of wind protection it is impossible to talk about high-quality thermal insulation at home. Some people mistakenly believe that insulation compensates for windbreaks. The wind barrier protects the building from blowing, eliminates the penetration of wind into the structure. When organizing it, special attention is paid to the joints and corners of the structure. When choosing a suitable material, the following qualities are taken into account: vapor permeability, resistance to moisture, density of raw materials. As the main building materials use:
Wall insulation
The wall cake of the Scandinavian house includes the following elements: facade, counter-lattice, windproof plate, frame with insulation, vapor barrier, crate, additional insulation, interior decoration. When organizing wall insulation, the frame is filled with basalt wool, less often ecowool.The thickness of the insulating layer is 20-30 cm, for floors this figure increases to 50 cm.
After laying the mineral wool, the inside frame is glued with a vapor barrier film. On top of it, a crate of bars of 4.5 x 4.5 cm is installed. Electrical wiring is routed inside, cross internal insulation is carried out on top, basalt slabs 5 cm thick are laid. After this, finishing is finished from gypsum cardboard, various panels, and other materials.
Facade decoration
Scandinavian-style homes are made from natural materials, but their cost can be excessively high. Manufacturers offer many synthetic analogues that can replace natural raw materials. They can have a wood texture, imitate stone or brick. The following building materials can be used as decoration:
The inhabitants of the Scandinavian Peninsula for facade cladding mainly use natural wood, which is characterized by rough processing, painted with 2-3 layers of body paint. Sometimes plaster is used. You can decorate the front side of the house with any of the materials listed above. The choice depends on the personal preferences of the owner of the structure, its final appearance.
Windows and doors of a Scandinavian house
It is very difficult to purchase some elements of a frame house. This applies to windows. Original designs are very expensive, and analogues do not differ in quality. Standard windows have two different leaf thicknesses. The inner is almost twice as thick as the outer.This is due to the fact that the inner sash is made of natural wood, and the outer one is made of aluminum. Such a device provides a similar degree of rigidity to the materials used in the production.
Another feature is the presence of blinds located between the wings, which protect the lamellas from dust. This allows you to clean the light protection device no more than once every six months. Separately, one can distinguish such a structural element as a filter valve located in the upper part of the frame, which provides ventilation of the room in the cold season.
The choice of doors is much simpler. As input models, paneled options from solid wood, metal veneered, glued, thyroid canvases are suitable. When choosing interior doors, their color is taken into account, which can be white or bluish-gray. Accessories must have strict geometric shapes. As the main options, you can consider veneered, laminated, PVC, solid wood doors.
Communications
Most engineering communications are laid at the initial stage of the construction of the building. They are calculated at the time of design, are included in the overall plan. First of all, the supply of cold and hot water pipes is made, sewage is installed. Mounted underfloor heating system. All these elements are laid at the stage of foundation formation.
For heating the ground floor, a warm floor is usually enough. The second can be heated with radiators or electric convectors. Electrical wiring is hidden inside the outer load-bearing walls, located under a layer of additional internal thermal insulation. Channels and corrugations are not used for laying cables. The bet is on high-quality wiring and automation.
Air inflow and exhaust can be carried out both naturally and artificially.As ventilation, whole supply and exhaust systems and supply valves are used. The latter are installed in the walls of bedrooms, living rooms, offices, on window frames. Act in tandem with forced hoods, which are located in the bathrooms, in the kitchen.
Scandinavian style in the interior of the house
Many beloved Scandinavian style is able to turn a room of any size into a cozy, elegant room. Northern interiors can be very diverse, both bright and muted. Design solutions include a lot of directions. Even using similar techniques, you can achieve different perceptions.
Decoration materials
When choosing materials for surface design in the Scandinavian style, you must adhere to certain rules. It can only be natural elements. More often use wood. Instead of impregnation and varnishes, it is painted white or artificially aged. Wallpapers practically do not use, they are replaced with plaster.
Scandinavian furniture is also made of wood, but metal interior items or natural stone parts are allowed. Designers do not recommend using plastic or artificial finishing materials. They will distort the overall picture, reduce the cost of the atmosphere.
Color schemes
One of the main roles in creating any interior is played by the color palette. The hallmark of the Scandinavian style are the 3 primary colors associated with the vast northern expanses. Interior design cannot be imagined without:
To avoid the feeling of sterility and boredom, white is replaced with cream, beige, pearl and other warm shades. Cold gray can be successfully shaded with blue, lettuce, turquoise.
Wall decoration
For the decoration of walls using natural materials and pastel colors. Surfaces can be painted white or sheathed with wood wall panels. If you decide to use wallpaper, then it should be light plain canvas. Beautiful texture will make the interior simple and unusual.
Veneer, MDF, plywood with imitation of birch, beech, exotic varieties fill the room with warmth, emphasizing naturalness. A frequent choice of owners of apartments and houses is ceramic tile. It is used for facing surfaces in rooms for any purpose. A popular option for wall decoration is brick tile.
Device and flooring
As floor coverings often use a laminate, parquet board. Wooden floors leave a natural color or whiten, emphasizing the natural pattern. In rooms with high humidity, in the kitchen, in the bathroom, the floor is lined with ceramic tiles. It can be a plain coating or a strict geometric pattern.
Rugs and carpets are not used when designing a floor in the Scandinavian style. Small rugs with a high pile by the bed, natural animal skin by the fireplace or in the center of the room are allowed.
Furniture
Tables, chairs, beds in the Scandinavian style should be as simple and comfortable as possible. In order to properly furnish a room, one should pay attention to the following parameters when choosing products:
Lighting Features
A Scandinavian-style room should be lit by many sources. Light is the main element of the interior. Both natural and artificial options are allowed. Large panoramic windows fill the room with natural light. To create a harmonious picture, the finish of the frames is echoed with a touch of flooring. Snow-white weightless curtains give lightness to large openings.
The deficit of lighting is compensated by lighting devices, reflecting surfaces. Large spherical chandeliers, spotlights, wall sconces, original floor lamps will look beautiful. To indicate accents, light bulbs of various intensities and glow colors are used.
Accessories and accents
So that the Scandinavian interior does not seem so dull, it is diluted with various color accents. The most popular option is indoor plants. A few modest pots with green spaces emphasize the naturalness and naturalness of the interior. Decorative bonsai, arborvitae, dracaena will look great.
The main emphasis in Scandinavian living rooms is on the fireplace. A decorative woodpile located nearby and a natural animal skin on the floor will add coziness and comfort. As accessories use wall stickers, black and white paintings, photographs. Bright pillows on the couch will help to create a mood.
Scandinavian style private house exterior
The exterior decoration of any private building in Scandinavian style is modest and restrained. Any high-tech approach and artistic and decorative innovations are excluded. As well as indoors, absolute color harmony, quality, naturalness of materials should be present. For the construction of modern country houses, in addition to the beam usual for Scandinavians, concrete structures and bricks are used.
Features of landscape design
Modern landscape design in the Scandinavian style is based on a number of factors - functionality, harmony, aesthetics. It includes a piece of country, modern, high-tech, eco. On the site make compositions from any perennials that can survive the winter. More often it is ground cover plants and ornamental shrubs. The Scandinavian site has the following typical features:
Porch decoration
The adjacent area at the entrance to the house is often converted into a cozy resting place. A small terrace will be a practical and aesthetic solution. On a small elevation from the ground, deck boards are installed and painted to match the facade of the building. The porch is decorated with simple benches, natural plants in tubs.
If the area of the summer residence allows, there is a dining table and comfortable sun loungers on the terrace. Wooden pergola protects from the sun. To protect the porch, mark its boundaries with the help of a wooden or hedge.
Conclusion
The architecture of the Scandinavian buildings allows them to fit into any landscape without disturbing it at all. The rational use of any part of the cottage or street space will help to use even a small building with maximum benefit. Thanks to a rational layout, the ability to use energy-saving technologies, servicing multi-storey buildings will become much easier.