Bath Interior: 75 photos of design examples inside
The traditional Russian bath has a long history. While in enlightened Europe, royal courts invented perfumes to mask the smell of unwashed bodies and died of lice, our man performed a ritual of washing weekly. Entire families went to the bathhouse on Saturdays. This day was not chosen by chance. On Sunday, the church was to be attended in its purest form, and on weekdays the Russian man worked sweat from dawn to dawn and waited for Banny Day.
Initially, the wooden building was primitive and drowned it "in the black." The furnace did not have a chimney, so a dense layer of soot covered the inside of the wall. The interior of the bathhouse of those times left much to be desired, there was no talk of any aesthetics, only functionality was of importance. It was not very convenient to bathe in such a room, but there was no alternative at that time. Over time, the buildings became more monumental.Stoves began to be equipped with chimneys, and the ritual of washing was becoming more and more difficult and was overgrown with traditions. For example, in each bathhouse, according to popular beliefs, there was a special “brownie”: an eternally dirty lover to spoil those who did not grease him with a hotel in time.
Despite the main purpose of the building is to cleanse the body, in people it was associated with dirt. Icons were never hung here and fortune-telling, which was considered unclean, was carried out. The bathhouse was placed on the outskirts, as far from the house as possible: in vegetable gardens and “hollow places”. Fire safety requirements? Not at all, like a dirty building, the bathhouse should not have come into contact with the house. Utensils from it were never brought into living quarters.
Steam rooms also became popular in Ancient Rome, whose citizens carefully monitored their appearance. On the ruins of the once great empire, the remains of these complexes have survived, which speak of the high culture of their creators. In Rome, baths were used not only for washing, but also for debates and lively conversations on political, philosophical topics. Now the baths have a modern look, and they work no less on their design design than on the interior of the house. The construction will become a real decoration of a summer cottage. A country house cannot do without this pleasant addition in every sense. A bathhouse is usually built outside the yard near the recreation area: gazebos, summer kitchens, barbecue and kindergarten. Unfortunately, combining this building with other structures into a single complex is prohibited by regulations that regulate the minimum distance between buildings in private estates. In a typical bathhouse, there are three rooms:
Steam rooms
Lounge or dressing room;
Washing up.
In various designs, the number of rooms can be reduced or supplemented. For example, if there is direct access to a pond or pool, then there is no need for a shower (washing) room.In summer, you can plunge into the cool water, and in winter organize a font in the ice. In some luxurious options, there may be entire pool complexes inside. Thus, the owners provide an alternative to hot bathing. On the site, the bathhouse can be not only a separate building, in some cases (a small site), in order to save space, the owners equip a sauna in their basement, in the attic or in the basement. Before proceeding with the construction, the design of the structure is prepared in advance. Since it is classified as a fire hazard, it will be useful to consult with professionals. Sometimes complex two-story structures are erected with a miniature fence, a veranda, a porch, a toilet, a billiard room and a courtyard. For the construction of such complexes, it is better to contact a professional designer-architect. He will prepare an individual project. Do it yourself with the construction of simpler designs. So, we will try to sort out the varieties of baths, the features of their construction and common mistakes that beginner decorators make.
Bath area
The operational characteristics depend on the size of the bath. If the area of the room is not calculated correctly, then the steam room too large will have to be heated for a long time, and the heat will quickly evaporate. When calculating the size of buildings, they are primarily oriented to the steam room. This is the most important room, the rest are just its complement. Consider the following:
The number of people who will simultaneously attend the bathhouse.
Dimensions and features of the location of the furnace (outside or inside).
Type of fuel. The best option for uniform heating of the room is still considered a stove-stove and firewood. However, some use gas and electric heaters, the operational capabilities of which must be comparable with the size of the bath.
The number of seats, shelves: follows from the first paragraph.
Also, the area depends on the size of the plot.If the building is too dense, then the bathhouse will turn out to be small, since it should be located at a certain distance from other buildings. The most important nuance is the financial capabilities of the owners and the construction budget. After all, the larger the bath, the more the wallet will exhaust the purchase of materials for it.
The optimal size for an average family is 5x5 (25 sq.m.). In such a structure there is a place for a medium-sized steam room, a rather spacious dressing room and even for a shower for one person.
Bath capacity
The bath capacity is perhaps its main characteristic, which must be taken into account even at the design stage when preparing the drawing. Layout, location of window and doorways, communications - all this will be calculated later. The smallest barrel bathhouse can simultaneously accommodate two to three people. Its dimensions on average vary from 2X2 to 3X3 and 3x4 meters. So that in a bathhouse a family of four or a small company could have a rest at the same time, then a 4x4 meter building is enough. 16 sqm refer to the optimal size, which is the "golden mean": construction is not very expensive, and the premises do not resemble tight storage rooms. For a large number of visitors, spacious bathhouses of 6x4 or 5X5 m are arranged. The buildings can have square or rectangular shapes. The steam room usually occupies the farthest place, and in front of it there is a relaxation room, a dressing room and showers.
Types of baths
Almost every country has its own bathing traditions. For an unusual person, many of them may seem exotic. Each type of bathhouse creates its own unique microclimate. In some, you can spend at least a whole day, while others recommend visiting not often once a week due to unnecessarily aggressive conditions that can negate the whole healing effect. The main types include:
Russian bath (steam sauna).Usually these are wooden buildings either made of timber or decorated with a rounded board. Modern Russian baths, in addition to design and characteristic "scenery", are not much like their ancestors. Traditionally, their hot "heart" is a heater, however, recently they have increasingly used easier-to-use electric furnaces and gas heaters. The air in the Russian bath is hot but humid. The human body suffers such a situation with greater difficulty than dry soaring in a Finnish sauna. First, the stones with which the furnace is coated are heated, and then water is poured on them, evaporating instantly. Traditionally, in Russian baths, the process of soaring is accompanied by “cooling” of birch brooms over the body. For greater effect, bundles of medicinal herbs are soaked in water: nettle, thyme, chamomile, celandine. In winter, the procedure is interrupted by “swimming” in snowdrifts or pouring ice water on it. It is recommended to heat a wood stove with birch or alder wood.
Finnish bathhouse (dry air sauna). This type has gained popularity in the west. The average temperature in the room can reach 100 degrees, and the humidity level does not exceed 20-30%. Thus, evaporation occurs due to dry air. You can spend a lot of time in the Finnish sauna, but you can’t use the brooms, as you can get severe burns. By the size of this type of baths are classified into mini-options and "family" buildings. The first can be installed even in your apartment. Ready-made mini-baths are purchased in specialized stores.
Roman version. Their standard "package" includes two rooms: tepidarium and laconium. In one it’s just warm, and in the other the temperature reaches 70-90 degrees, and you can sweat as it should. Usually their visits alternate.
Hamam (dry air). In this eastern variety of the bath, you can sit at least a whole day. The air is hot and dry, but the temperature does not increase above 50 degrees.
Ofuro (water bath). Soaring in barrels with heated water is actively practiced in Japan. In fact, it's just a very hot tub of an unusual shape.
In addition to the above options, more exotic buildings are installed much less often: Egyptian sand baths (vertical and horizontal), Czech “beer houses”, Japanese sento (the same ofuro, but for the whole family), Swedish basta, Indian temaskali, English from hot stones, Moroccan and Indian (oldest) steam rooms.
The type of bath is selected based on acceptable sizes. A barrel bath will fit in a small corner of the plot, and the Roman washing complex will require a large square.
Interior styles
The style decision is a combination of external design (exterior) and interior decoration (interior). Unlike the design of an apartment or house, furniture in a simple bathhouse uses a minimum. In the relaxation room, chairs and sofas are replaced with spacious benches, which are installed around the table. In the steam room, decor is used even less. The most common option is a rustic style. This interior solution recognizes only simplicity bordering on primitivism. Raw surfaces and the most “wild” look of the building - this is the hallmark of a rustic style. For decoration, carvings are used that decorates the exterior of the house. Baths decorated according to the principles of French Provence have a more elegant look. The decoration and surfaces are an imitation of antiquity. In such a room, the furniture is painted white, and the porch is decorated with a little bench with a plaid and pillows in a cheerful flower. The antique style is referred to as “ancient” directions: it managed to preserve its features, having passed the test of time. For interior decoration, tiles are used, and the room is decorated with fountains and decorative columns that support the dome vault. As a highlight of the interior, you can use old amphora and figurines.Country style is characterized by a touch of recklessness. In the interior and exterior use brickwork or its imitation (prohibited in the steam room), metal elements and raw wood. A strict loft breathes unobtrusive luxury. The dressing room and the relaxation room are decorated with chic: expensive carpets on the floor, pillows on benches, multi-level lighting, perhaps even a bar counter. The style of the chalet came down to us from the alpine slopes: it is simple but elegant. The atmosphere is dominated by rough wood and wide windows, which creates almost a home comfort.
Finishing materials
In Russian baths, steam had a special healing effect due to contact with the log interior. Wood has “breathing” pores that exude a unique aroma in high humidity. For this reason, baths are not erected from conifers, since they emit tar. For interior decoration, it is not recommended to use artificial materials that, when heated, can release toxins: PVC panels and tiles, artificial stone, brick, MDF, and particleboard. The latter seem harmless, since the waste of the woodworking industry is used for their basis, but the adhesive that secures the sawdust can release harmful substances when heated. Lining of external walls is carried out by lining. The interior is finished with thermolip boards (special material for baths) or with a block house. The flooring is plank or tile, and the ceiling is lined with clapboard. In order to maintain the required temperature regime for a long time in the structure, it is necessary to insulate it qualitatively. For these purposes, three layers of different materials are used:
Vapor barrier. Apply foil insulation.
Mineral wool. Lightweight and non-combustible material.
Waterproofing film.
The resulting puff insulation “cake” is covered with finishing materials that perform a decorative function.
Lighting
When organizing lighting in the bath, two main features of the microclimate of the building must be taken into account:
High humidity;
Elevated temperatures.
Moisture is considered a more dangerous “enemy” of wiring, as it can provoke a short circuit in the network, which often causes a fire. Bulbs, switches, wiring and distribution boards are selected from special options. In the baths, the entire lighting system must be qualitatively protected from the aggressive effects of the internal environment of the building. In the washing room and in the dressing room, you can use ordinary bulbs, and for the steam room you will have to purchase special tight ones that will reliably protect the "inside" of the device. The cover and the parting body must be waterproof. The lighting in the steam room should not be too bright, as this will not contribute to relaxation.
Steam room
Steam room - the central room of the bath. The main healing process takes place in it and the decoration of the interior usually begins with it. The situation in the steam room is modest. The main element of furniture is shops. In primitive versions, they are placed around the perimeter of the steam room. In more complex interiors, multi-tiered compositions are performed that allow the whole family to sit comfortably. The central position in the steam room is occupied by the furnace, which is decorated to match the overall finish.
Dressing room
The dressing room can be called a "waiting room." A couple of benches, a closet or a separately enclosed locker room are installed here. Its main task is to prevent the entry of cold air into the steam room. It serves as a kind of intermediate zone between the street and the main room. In the waiting room, people, as a rule, rest in anticipation of heating the room or their turn to visit. In more modest options with a deficit of space, it is combined with a relaxation room.
Shower room
Spacious saunas are equipped with washing rooms, which include a pair of showers, “tubs” with water and sometimes even swimming pools.In this room, people can cool and wash off sweat after a steam room, that is, complete the wellness procedure. One shower is installed in small baths. For her, they usually allocate a small room, where the cabin itself, a bench and a couple of hooks for things fit. In very tight buildings, the shower room can be squeezed into the dressing room. Its walls should be properly decorated so that the wash was not visible from the room.
Restroom
This room is a living room. Only here the situation remotely resembles an ordinary room in a house. The main task of the designer is to create a cozy and comfortable atmosphere for a good rest. There must be present places for sitting and lying, and with a soft coating as opposed to solid steam rooms. Also, in the bath room, a table or a bar counter must be installed in addition to it. For a more comfortable stay indoors, you can place a TV or think of other ways of entertainment.
Conclusion
The tradition of going to the bath, managed not only to pass the test of time, but also to adapt to modern realities. From ancient times it was believed that such a method of ablution rejuvenates and cleanses the body. The result is usually noticeable after several regular visits to the bath. The interior and exterior of the building are paying more and more attention, since it is no longer a "house in the gardens", but a full-fledged element of landscape design of a private site.
The traditional Russian bath has a long history. While in enlightened Europe, royal courts invented perfumes to mask the smell of unwashed bodies and died of lice, our man performed a ritual of washing weekly. Entire families went to the bathhouse on Saturdays. This day was not chosen by chance. On Sunday, the church was to be attended in its purest form, and on weekdays the Russian man worked sweat from dawn to dawn and waited for Banny Day.
Content
From the history
Initially, the wooden building was primitive and drowned it "in the black." The furnace did not have a chimney, so a dense layer of soot covered the inside of the wall. The interior of the bathhouse of those times left much to be desired, there was no talk of any aesthetics, only functionality was of importance. It was not very convenient to bathe in such a room, but there was no alternative at that time. Over time, the buildings became more monumental.Stoves began to be equipped with chimneys, and the ritual of washing was becoming more and more difficult and was overgrown with traditions. For example, in each bathhouse, according to popular beliefs, there was a special “brownie”: an eternally dirty lover to spoil those who did not grease him with a hotel in time.
Despite the main purpose of the building is to cleanse the body, in people it was associated with dirt. Icons were never hung here and fortune-telling, which was considered unclean, was carried out. The bathhouse was placed on the outskirts, as far from the house as possible: in vegetable gardens and “hollow places”. Fire safety requirements? Not at all, like a dirty building, the bathhouse should not have come into contact with the house. Utensils from it were never brought into living quarters.
Steam rooms also became popular in Ancient Rome, whose citizens carefully monitored their appearance. On the ruins of the once great empire, the remains of these complexes have survived, which speak of the high culture of their creators. In Rome, baths were used not only for washing, but also for debates and lively conversations on political, philosophical topics. Now the baths have a modern look, and they work no less on their design design than on the interior of the house. The construction will become a real decoration of a summer cottage. A country house cannot do without this pleasant addition in every sense. A bathhouse is usually built outside the yard near the recreation area: gazebos, summer kitchens, barbecue and kindergarten. Unfortunately, combining this building with other structures into a single complex is prohibited by regulations that regulate the minimum distance between buildings in private estates. In a typical bathhouse, there are three rooms:
In various designs, the number of rooms can be reduced or supplemented. For example, if there is direct access to a pond or pool, then there is no need for a shower (washing) room.In summer, you can plunge into the cool water, and in winter organize a font in the ice. In some luxurious options, there may be entire pool complexes inside. Thus, the owners provide an alternative to hot bathing. On the site, the bathhouse can be not only a separate building, in some cases (a small site), in order to save space, the owners equip a sauna in their basement, in the attic or in the basement. Before proceeding with the construction, the design of the structure is prepared in advance. Since it is classified as a fire hazard, it will be useful to consult with professionals. Sometimes complex two-story structures are erected with a miniature fence, a veranda, a porch, a toilet, a billiard room and a courtyard. For the construction of such complexes, it is better to contact a professional designer-architect. He will prepare an individual project. Do it yourself with the construction of simpler designs. So, we will try to sort out the varieties of baths, the features of their construction and common mistakes that beginner decorators make.
Bath area
The operational characteristics depend on the size of the bath. If the area of the room is not calculated correctly, then the steam room too large will have to be heated for a long time, and the heat will quickly evaporate. When calculating the size of buildings, they are primarily oriented to the steam room. This is the most important room, the rest are just its complement. Consider the following:
Also, the area depends on the size of the plot.If the building is too dense, then the bathhouse will turn out to be small, since it should be located at a certain distance from other buildings. The most important nuance is the financial capabilities of the owners and the construction budget. After all, the larger the bath, the more the wallet will exhaust the purchase of materials for it.
Bath capacity
The bath capacity is perhaps its main characteristic, which must be taken into account even at the design stage when preparing the drawing. Layout, location of window and doorways, communications - all this will be calculated later. The smallest barrel bathhouse can simultaneously accommodate two to three people. Its dimensions on average vary from 2X2 to 3X3 and 3x4 meters. So that in a bathhouse a family of four or a small company could have a rest at the same time, then a 4x4 meter building is enough. 16 sqm refer to the optimal size, which is the "golden mean": construction is not very expensive, and the premises do not resemble tight storage rooms. For a large number of visitors, spacious bathhouses of 6x4 or 5X5 m are arranged. The buildings can have square or rectangular shapes. The steam room usually occupies the farthest place, and in front of it there is a relaxation room, a dressing room and showers.
Types of baths
Almost every country has its own bathing traditions. For an unusual person, many of them may seem exotic. Each type of bathhouse creates its own unique microclimate. In some, you can spend at least a whole day, while others recommend visiting not often once a week due to unnecessarily aggressive conditions that can negate the whole healing effect. The main types include:
In addition to the above options, more exotic buildings are installed much less often: Egyptian sand baths (vertical and horizontal), Czech “beer houses”, Japanese sento (the same ofuro, but for the whole family), Swedish basta, Indian temaskali, English from hot stones, Moroccan and Indian (oldest) steam rooms.
Interior styles
The style decision is a combination of external design (exterior) and interior decoration (interior). Unlike the design of an apartment or house, furniture in a simple bathhouse uses a minimum. In the relaxation room, chairs and sofas are replaced with spacious benches, which are installed around the table. In the steam room, decor is used even less. The most common option is a rustic style. This interior solution recognizes only simplicity bordering on primitivism. Raw surfaces and the most “wild” look of the building - this is the hallmark of a rustic style. For decoration, carvings are used that decorates the exterior of the house. Baths decorated according to the principles of French Provence have a more elegant look. The decoration and surfaces are an imitation of antiquity. In such a room, the furniture is painted white, and the porch is decorated with a little bench with a plaid and pillows in a cheerful flower. The antique style is referred to as “ancient” directions: it managed to preserve its features, having passed the test of time. For interior decoration, tiles are used, and the room is decorated with fountains and decorative columns that support the dome vault. As a highlight of the interior, you can use old amphora and figurines.Country style is characterized by a touch of recklessness. In the interior and exterior use brickwork or its imitation (prohibited in the steam room), metal elements and raw wood. A strict loft breathes unobtrusive luxury. The dressing room and the relaxation room are decorated with chic: expensive carpets on the floor, pillows on benches, multi-level lighting, perhaps even a bar counter. The style of the chalet came down to us from the alpine slopes: it is simple but elegant. The atmosphere is dominated by rough wood and wide windows, which creates almost a home comfort.
Finishing materials
In Russian baths, steam had a special healing effect due to contact with the log interior. Wood has “breathing” pores that exude a unique aroma in high humidity. For this reason, baths are not erected from conifers, since they emit tar. For interior decoration, it is not recommended to use artificial materials that, when heated, can release toxins: PVC panels and tiles, artificial stone, brick, MDF, and particleboard. The latter seem harmless, since the waste of the woodworking industry is used for their basis, but the adhesive that secures the sawdust can release harmful substances when heated. Lining of external walls is carried out by lining. The interior is finished with thermolip boards (special material for baths) or with a block house. The flooring is plank or tile, and the ceiling is lined with clapboard. In order to maintain the required temperature regime for a long time in the structure, it is necessary to insulate it qualitatively. For these purposes, three layers of different materials are used:
The resulting puff insulation “cake” is covered with finishing materials that perform a decorative function.
Lighting
When organizing lighting in the bath, two main features of the microclimate of the building must be taken into account:
Moisture is considered a more dangerous “enemy” of wiring, as it can provoke a short circuit in the network, which often causes a fire. Bulbs, switches, wiring and distribution boards are selected from special options. In the baths, the entire lighting system must be qualitatively protected from the aggressive effects of the internal environment of the building. In the washing room and in the dressing room, you can use ordinary bulbs, and for the steam room you will have to purchase special tight ones that will reliably protect the "inside" of the device. The cover and the parting body must be waterproof. The lighting in the steam room should not be too bright, as this will not contribute to relaxation.
Steam room
Steam room - the central room of the bath. The main healing process takes place in it and the decoration of the interior usually begins with it. The situation in the steam room is modest. The main element of furniture is shops. In primitive versions, they are placed around the perimeter of the steam room. In more complex interiors, multi-tiered compositions are performed that allow the whole family to sit comfortably. The central position in the steam room is occupied by the furnace, which is decorated to match the overall finish.
Dressing room
The dressing room can be called a "waiting room." A couple of benches, a closet or a separately enclosed locker room are installed here. Its main task is to prevent the entry of cold air into the steam room. It serves as a kind of intermediate zone between the street and the main room. In the waiting room, people, as a rule, rest in anticipation of heating the room or their turn to visit. In more modest options with a deficit of space, it is combined with a relaxation room.
Shower room
Spacious saunas are equipped with washing rooms, which include a pair of showers, “tubs” with water and sometimes even swimming pools.In this room, people can cool and wash off sweat after a steam room, that is, complete the wellness procedure. One shower is installed in small baths. For her, they usually allocate a small room, where the cabin itself, a bench and a couple of hooks for things fit. In very tight buildings, the shower room can be squeezed into the dressing room. Its walls should be properly decorated so that the wash was not visible from the room.
Restroom
This room is a living room. Only here the situation remotely resembles an ordinary room in a house. The main task of the designer is to create a cozy and comfortable atmosphere for a good rest. There must be present places for sitting and lying, and with a soft coating as opposed to solid steam rooms. Also, in the bath room, a table or a bar counter must be installed in addition to it. For a more comfortable stay indoors, you can place a TV or think of other ways of entertainment.
Conclusion
The tradition of going to the bath, managed not only to pass the test of time, but also to adapt to modern realities. From ancient times it was believed that such a method of ablution rejuvenates and cleanses the body. The result is usually noticeable after several regular visits to the bath. The interior and exterior of the building are paying more and more attention, since it is no longer a "house in the gardens", but a full-fledged element of landscape design of a private site.