Premises for the conservation of food supplies are in demand among the population. Many use for this purpose a basement located under a house or a garage, but over time they are convinced that this is not a suitable place for long-term storage of fresh crops, conservation. Therefore, the owners of their own land plot decide to build a cellar on it with their own hands, and some owners of apartments located on the ground floor will equip such structures under their balcony.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of construction, both for each individual person and for society as a whole. After all, from the moment of his transition to a sedentary lifestyle, the first dugouts appeared, the functional purpose of which has not changed for many years, only materials for their construction have improved. The main thing for independent construction is to choose the right location, determine the depth of groundwater, and choose the most suitable type of construction.
Advantages and main differences of the cellar from the basement
To understand the difference between the two types of structures, first you need to consider their definitions:
Cellar - a room located underground, used for storing agricultural products. It is an ordinary pit with reinforced walls, filled with concrete, laid out of bricks, other building materials. Above it is closed in bulk, some models have a roof.
Basement - the lower part of the structure, located under it. May have an area comparable to the main building. Used for various needs. There may be a garage, boiler room, pantry, utility rooms.
The main differences:
As can be seen from the definition, the main difference between both designs is their location. If the cellar can be located anywhere on the site, then the basement is equipped only under a residential building.
Each of the structures has its own purpose. The cellar is used exclusively for storing food, the basement is multifunctional.
In the building located under the house, you can equip the cellar - on the contrary, it will not work.
In the cellar, a constantly low temperature is maintained, in the basement it can change.
Basement area is significantly larger.
The advantages of the cellar include:
free location on the site;
constant temperature within 3-5 ° С, which allows preserving preservation, fresh vegetables and fruits for a long time;
selection of the size appropriate to the needs;
natural air circulation;
low construction costs.
Types of Cellars
There is a wide variety of vegetable storage designs. For their construction on their own site, approved drawings and permits from supervisory authorities are not required. However, when choosing a particular species, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the level of groundwater occurrence (groundwater). The possibility of deepening the structure into the ground, which should be at least 0.5 m above the groundwater level, depends on this parameter. The following types of cellars can be distinguished by the degree of deepening:
In-depth. Fully located underground. On the surface there is only the entrance to the building. The height of the walls is more than 2 meters, often deepens by 2.5 - 3 m. A constant temperature is maintained here even in the summer, due to the presence of the upper soil layer.
Semi-deep. Partially located below ground level. It is deepened by 0.7-1 m. It is being built with a high occurrence of water protection. Requires additional waterproofing, often equipped with a clay castle.
Ground. Used when there is no way to go deep. To maintain the temperature regime, the structure can be covered with a layer of soil from above.
To improve the design of the territory, during the construction of the embankment on the upper cellar, soil and a sand-gravel mixture are used, which makes it possible to decorate the surface with a lawn or a flower bed.
By the location method on the site, you can distinguish:
Freestanding cellar. It is erected at any point.
Wall. It is attached to the house or an economic structure.
Combined. Often the design is equipped under a summer kitchen, garage, apartment building.
Choosing a place to build
Before choosing a suitable place, it is necessary to make geological surveys.With their help, it is possible to find out the type and composition of the soil, groundwater level, the probability of flooding the territory, the nature of the terrain. Based on these parameters, the degree of deepening of the storage, the need for strengthening the walls is determined. In-ground structures can be located under the bathhouse, shed, garage, while saving additional space in the suburban, personal plot.
If you plan to place the cellar separately from the main structures, it is better for him to choose the most elevated place on his territory. This will ensure dryness inside, the absence of dampness, respectively, and extraneous odors. It is desirable that trees grow around that will protect it with their crown from sunlight in the summer. The size of the structure is selected based on the needs of the family, the number of its members. On average, 1.5 to 2 m² will be sufficient per person.
It is not recommended to place the vegetable storehouse near buildings at a distance of less than 0.5 m, to prevent shrinkage of the foundation, the destruction of walls.
Construction of a deeply buried cellar
Arrangement of a place for storage of stocks must be carried out in the summer in dry weather. A deeply buried version is ideal for providing a suitable indoor climate. It is equipped at any site of the cottage, in the barn, under a canopy, in the garage. If you decide to build it in an open area, you should provide a special cellar. A small room will protect the basement from flooding, direct sunlight. To achieve the best result and quick work, all actions should be performed in strict sequence according to the previously outlined scheme.
Materials and tools for construction
The equipment of a deeply buried cellar can be carried out using various compositions and mixtures. The underground room must meet all quality standards in order to perform its functions as long as possible.During construction, the following materials will be used:
Gravel, gravel;
Clay solution;
River sand;
Brick, cement mortar;
Ruberoid for waterproofing;
Resinous products;
Metal gratings;
Boards for the frame.
To equip a home basement, you will need a concrete mixer, a shovel, a manual tamper, a hammer, a screwdriver, a grinder, a hacksaw, a set of brushes, nails and screws.
Pit preparation
Deepening in the ground should be at least 2.5 meters. When digging a foundation pit, it is important to consider the thickness and material of the floor, the height of the crushed stone pillow. Its thickness will be 20-30 cm. Each owner chooses the pit volume individually, depending on the planned harvest, the number of family members. To a given figure add a few centimeters for wall decoration, a clay castle device.
Digging a pit for a cellar is best done manually, as the uneven edges left after the excavator will contribute to the destruction of the waterproofing. In the process of digging in the corners, the supports from the channel are immediately clogged, on them in the future, floor beams will be laid. After completion of work, the pit is left for several days, covered with polyethylene. During this time, you can determine the suitability of the pit for future storage. If groundwater is not visible, such places are covered with clay. Heavy floods make further construction impossible.
Foundation
For good protection of products from sunlight, the underground cellar must have its own foundation. You can create a real isolated chamber, which is not afraid of any external influences, by creating a strong base. For street cellars, two types of bases are used:
Strip foundation. Apply on solid soils, with significant removal of groundwater. A trench is dug along the perimeter of the pit, sand is laid on the bottom and compacted, then crushed stone is poured. At the bottom of the pit, a reinforced frame is laid, formwork is made and concrete is poured.
Monolithic plate. Use on soft soils with a close location of groundwater. Installing a reliable solid foundation involves deepening the pit another 0.5 meters. The bottom of the pit is covered with sand, gravel, a reinforcing frame is laid, the formwork is built. Concrete is poured over the entire area of the pit and allowed to dry well for 7 days.
Walling
The walls in the underground cellar are made of concrete, brick, block. The concrete mixture is poured after the construction of the formwork along the reinforcing cage. The work must be carried out without slowing down, otherwise the material will dry out and cold bridges will form, which will make the wall less durable.
A brick wall is made in one element. The masonry is fastened with a solution of cement or clay and sand. The outer side is coated with resin, isolated with roofing material. The hollow space between the brick and the ground is covered with earth.
Waterproofing and ventilation
Any type of cellar must be provided with ventilation. Underground storage is a particularly wet room. Water will be released through the soil from vegetables and fruits. It is better to provide two ventilation ducts. The first is a supply air, looks like a pipe and sinks to the bottom of the basement. Through it, natural air will flow clean. The second channel - exhaust, mounted on the opposite wall, provides the outflow of exhaust air masses.
So that there are no problems with the penetration of moisture during the operation of the underground cellar, it is necessary to make good waterproofing. It’s more convenient to finish the inside of the structure. The moisture transmittance of surfaces can be reduced in the following ways:
Penetrating finish. Chemical additives react with concrete, form crystals that close the pores;
Smear. The internal surfaces are coated with bitumen polymer mastic.
Okay. Roofing material is applied using special fasteners, by welding.
Combined.The waterproofing lock includes a bituminous layer, sheet waterproofing.
Cellar overlapping and ceiling insulation
To close the store using wood, concrete, or a combination of both. Treated walls are supported by wooden beams; boards treated with an antiseptic are attached to them. A slab flooring with a hole for the hatch is being prepared. After installation, the structure is coated with clay, covered with soil, covered with polyethylene, poured with concrete.
For internal thermal insulation of the floor, foam is used. They attach it to the lattice structure under the ceiling, sheathe boards, fiberboard. Between the material and the ceiling it is necessary to make a layer of polyethylene. You can mount it on a simple double-sided tape. For finishing, boards or plaster are suitable.
Roof arrangement
The upper part of the street storage can be at ground level or rise by 20-30 cm. In the latter case, it is necessary to equip a good strong roof. It can be single-pitched, gable. The only condition is the insulation of its external part with soil. The inner side of the coating is laid out with a croaker, convex parts up. This option is suitable if the cellar is located on a hill at the foot of the hill.
If the cellar is a separate building, it is better to make the roof from the boards at a certain angle. The tree should extend at least 50 cm beyond the foundation pit. Ruberoid and slate, straw, and tile are laid on top of it.
Lighting
When choosing lighting for the basement, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the design of lighting fixtures and the type of lamps, but also to the method of their fastening, the possibility of safe cable routing. Suitable models of devices that are completely isolated from moisture. They should be light in weight, robust, corrosion resistant. Only one-piece cable can be used.When installing fixtures in rooms with high humidity, the following safety rules must be observed:
Use special transformers that reduce voltage to 42 V;
Cable laying is carried out through special plastic insulators;
Apply hermetically protected cartridges;
Switches can only be mounted outside the store.
Interior decoration and equipment of the cellar
The decoration of the cellar is very different from the internal work in the living room. For this, only special materials are suitable - moisture resistant, non-toxic. More often they use paint for underground rooms. It can be a mixture based on liquid glass, acrylic compositions, various emulsions. For good adhesion to the concrete surface, you must first apply a moisture resistant base.
Also, for the decoration of street storage often used slaked lime. This is a budget option, but requires good ventilation. Antifungal mixtures protect the surface from mold and prevent microorganisms from multiplying.
When all the finishing work is completed, you can proceed to equip the cellar with various shelves and drawers for storing food. Each gardener chooses the quantity, shape, size of shelving individually for himself. For cans and barrels, wooden coasters along the walls are suitable. Poles and hooks under the ceiling can be used to dry berries and fruits.
Features of the construction of the horse cellar
Ground garden storage can be built on any site, no exception - places with a high level of groundwater. The building can become a real decoration of the yard, if it is beautifully decorated from the street. There are several options for horseback storage. Separate them by location relative to soil level.
Vaults can stand alone or be attached to one of the walls of the house, shed, any other building. You can choose any option, there are no special differences between ground buildings.It all depends on the capabilities and skill level of the owner of the site. When designing a project, it is necessary to take into account the design features and advantages of any type of structure.
Embankment construction
The construction of the cellar is not difficult. For the construction will require logs, boards, any wood material. The raw materials do not have to be new; you can use elements from disassembled sheds, a summer shower or the remains of any tree. Building materials must be prepared - coated with bitumen. So you can significantly extend their service life.
Massive logs are dug around the perimeter of the future cellar and tie their ends at the top. The design is covered with boards and roofing material. Peat mixture is used as an embankment. They pour it on the roof and tamp it well. This will allow you to better retain heat. If desired, the soil can be sown with any low vegetation. On one side, they make a door, they insulate it with polyethylene and polystyrene.
Outwardly, the bulk cellar resembles a triangular prism. This design is perfect for storing vegetables, preserving and other preparations for the winter. The edges of the roof must necessarily hang. This will provide a good flow of water, and snow in the winter will play the role of a natural insulation.
Construction without an embankment
The mini-cellars that have long been loved by gardeners perform not only their direct functions, but can also be the original decoration of the site. The storage without embankment can be built on a small area, thanks to the ground type of construction, any flooding by groundwater is eliminated.
The design and size of the cellar can be any, the main thing is that there is enough space for storing the entire food stock. When drafting a project, one should take into account the volume of the crop, the number of family members. The design can be made of the usual type - an insulated box with double walls or a room with ventilation and interior decoration.For an external, internal arrangement, any original idea, for example, in the style of a hobbiton, is suitable.
The construction of a land cellar without an embankment begins with the preparation of the site. Remove the topsoil, approximately 20 cm, level and tamp the site. Then lay out a draining pillow of expanded clay. This will increase the waterproofing. If there are a lot of rodents near the country house, the device is supplemented with washed-out clay. Bricks with minimal clearance are placed in this mixture and masonry is made at least 15 cm high from the ground.
The ceiling and walls are made of massive boards. To create the perfect microclimate use laying in several rows with a lining of insulating material. The design must have ventilation. The roof is made of a gable, shed of slate or roofing material.
Semi-Recessed Cellar
The construction does not completely go underground, its main part rises above the ground, which allows the construction of a full-fledged storage facility. This arrangement reduces the time and labor required to build a cellar. It will be necessary to dig a shallow pit, minimal thermal insulation will be enough. It will be cheaper and more effective than any basement, semi-basement version. The storage is convenient to use, it is easy to get to it through wide steps. For the construction of such a cellar, the following materials will be required:
Brick;
Cement for screed, stairs;
Masonry mortar, plaster;
Pine boards;
Pieces of stone of irregular shape.
It is necessary to work strictly according to a pre-compiled project, performing the steps outlined. First they dig a pit, about 1 meter. Then they lay a brick, concrete base, raise the walls to the desired level, usually no more than 2 meters. The bottom and walls are laid out with waterproofing materials (roofing material, clay, bitumen). The roof is made of slab, covered with roofing material and sprinkled with soil.A great idea for interior decoration is the use of an arched ceiling.
Cellar of concrete rings
This method of construction is simple and less expensive than previous options. It has its advantages and disadvantages. Strong well rings are a durable material that is resistant to damage and groundwater, but have a lot of weight, so you can’t do without using lifting equipment. The construction can be erected without a foundation, with minimal waterproofing. It is enough to coat the joints of the material with mastic. Rings require careful installation. At the slightest misalignment, strong concrete will crack.
Concrete parts can be round, square. This makes it possible to arrange them in a vertical, horizontal position, optimally organize the internal arrangement. Before purchasing materials for a country cellar, it is necessary to clearly present its purpose, evaluate the possibility of delivering heavy cargo to the installation site, and calculate the required number of elements.
After completing the preparatory measures, you can begin construction. On the territory of private plots, vertical cellars from the rings are mainly built. Start with excavation: dig a hole 2.5 meters deep, install a ring, coat the joint with cement mortar, lower the next ring and tightly connect the spike and groove.
Now, for the convenience of launching and finishing works, a metal staircase is installed. The roof can be used purchased or made with your own hands from a metal sheet and heat-insulating materials. For better air circulation, double natural ventilation is done - pipes are installed at different heights.
Features of the construction of a wine cellar
The construction of a cellar for storing wines is practically no different from a standard vegetable store. First, a suitable place is chosen, with the condition that it should be dry enough inside.To place the structure under the house, it must be designed before it is built, while it is forbidden to have a storage under the kitchen, sauna, bathhouse.
When choosing building materials, it is necessary to pay attention to the absence of a specific smell, and they should also be treated with antiseptics, coated with moisture protective agents. For the construction of walls, you can use concrete, brick, foam block. The interior decoration of the partitions is made exclusively of natural wood, stone, including artificial, decorative tiles, bricks. Hardwood, ceramic tiles, natural stone, gravel or sand are used as flooring.
An important point is the internal arrangement. To illuminate the wine structure, only low-power artificial light sources are used. To maintain the microclimate, temperatures in the range of 12-14 ° C, special thermal doors are installed, both internal and input. Thermal insulation and vapor barrier deserve special attention, there should be no gaps in the room, they are treated with antiseptics and sealed. For thermal insulation, a lining with a porous structure is used. Do not forget about high-quality ventilation, on which the absence of extraneous odors depends.
Ready-made constructions for cellars
In the absence of experience, tools, time and effort to build a warehouse, you can use ready-made models. For many gardeners, gardeners, this option becomes optimal. There are different types of structures that differ in the material of manufacture:
Metal. The product is a sealed metal housing with a minimum number of seams. The surface is covered with a protective anti-corrosion layer. The design can be installed without fear of raising groundwater, heavy rains, it will provide high-quality waterproofing.
PlasticThe material is not subject to corrosion, unlike metal, it does not rust, has a small weight, which facilitates its installation. They are characterized by a long service life of more than 50 years.
Products differ in shape:
Spherical. Presented in the form of a round or oval capsule with a staircase inward. Characteristic shape for plastic options.
Rectangular, square. The design has the parameters of a standard cellar.
Cylindrical. Looks like an ordinary barrel. Made of high quality plastic.
Cellar under the balcony in the apartment
It is possible to build a warehouse for vegetables and other supplies under the balcony of the apartment, having received permission for redevelopment in the appropriate authority. Time-consuming, expensive work will take place in several stages:
We dig a pit. The height should be at least 2 meters, the width is determined by the borders of the balcony itself;
We cover the floor with roofing material. For reliability, crushed stone can be placed under the cover and tamped;
We make the base of cement. So that no irregularities form on the surface, it should be covered with linoleum;
Install the hatch. We make measurements and cut out a piece of iron of the required shape with a grinder. We attach it with dowels and cover with a material identical to the floor covering of the balcony.
How to care for a cellar
To maintain any structure clean and in good condition, periodic maintenance is required. The vegetable store is no exception. With timely maintenance of the design, the products will not deteriorate, they will not acquire an odor. You can accomplish this by adhering to certain rules:
Once every 1-2 years, as well as in case of detection of fungus or mold, the room must be disinfected. To do this, all contents, up to removable shelves, are taken out onto the street, washed and dried. Walls, floor and ceiling are cleaned, whitewashed lime.
Once a year, at the beginning of summer, the cellar must be cleaned and periodically thoroughly aired.
Occasionally, a vegetable store should be checked for gas contamination. To do this, you need to light a match in the room, if it does not burn, then it is aired.
In heavy rains, it is recommended to close the ventilation so that moisture does not get inside through the pipes.
In case of detection of murine, rat tracks, traps should be established, and the outlet from the holes should be closed with cement mortar. It is not recommended to use poisons.
Conclusion
Many owners of country houses have their own garden, store food for the winter. Even those who use the basement as storage can not do without a cellar. Many have already appreciated the benefits of this structure, others only decide to build it on their own. Someone even makes a choice in favor of purchased finished products.
Premises for the conservation of food supplies are in demand among the population. Many use for this purpose a basement located under a house or a garage, but over time they are convinced that this is not a suitable place for long-term storage of fresh crops, conservation. Therefore, the owners of their own land plot decide to build a cellar on it with their own hands, and some owners of apartments located on the ground floor will equip such structures under their balcony.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of construction, both for each individual person and for society as a whole. After all, from the moment of his transition to a sedentary lifestyle, the first dugouts appeared, the functional purpose of which has not changed for many years, only materials for their construction have improved. The main thing for independent construction is to choose the right location, determine the depth of groundwater, and choose the most suitable type of construction.
Content
Advantages and main differences of the cellar from the basement
To understand the difference between the two types of structures, first you need to consider their definitions:
Cellar - a room located underground, used for storing agricultural products. It is an ordinary pit with reinforced walls, filled with concrete, laid out of bricks, other building materials. Above it is closed in bulk, some models have a roof.
Basement - the lower part of the structure, located under it. May have an area comparable to the main building. Used for various needs. There may be a garage, boiler room, pantry, utility rooms.
The main differences:
The advantages of the cellar include:
Types of Cellars
There is a wide variety of vegetable storage designs. For their construction on their own site, approved drawings and permits from supervisory authorities are not required. However, when choosing a particular species, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the level of groundwater occurrence (groundwater). The possibility of deepening the structure into the ground, which should be at least 0.5 m above the groundwater level, depends on this parameter. The following types of cellars can be distinguished by the degree of deepening:
By the location method on the site, you can distinguish:
Choosing a place to build
Before choosing a suitable place, it is necessary to make geological surveys.With their help, it is possible to find out the type and composition of the soil, groundwater level, the probability of flooding the territory, the nature of the terrain. Based on these parameters, the degree of deepening of the storage, the need for strengthening the walls is determined. In-ground structures can be located under the bathhouse, shed, garage, while saving additional space in the suburban, personal plot.
If you plan to place the cellar separately from the main structures, it is better for him to choose the most elevated place on his territory. This will ensure dryness inside, the absence of dampness, respectively, and extraneous odors. It is desirable that trees grow around that will protect it with their crown from sunlight in the summer. The size of the structure is selected based on the needs of the family, the number of its members. On average, 1.5 to 2 m² will be sufficient per person.
Construction of a deeply buried cellar
Arrangement of a place for storage of stocks must be carried out in the summer in dry weather. A deeply buried version is ideal for providing a suitable indoor climate. It is equipped at any site of the cottage, in the barn, under a canopy, in the garage. If you decide to build it in an open area, you should provide a special cellar. A small room will protect the basement from flooding, direct sunlight. To achieve the best result and quick work, all actions should be performed in strict sequence according to the previously outlined scheme.
Materials and tools for construction
The equipment of a deeply buried cellar can be carried out using various compositions and mixtures. The underground room must meet all quality standards in order to perform its functions as long as possible.During construction, the following materials will be used:
To equip a home basement, you will need a concrete mixer, a shovel, a manual tamper, a hammer, a screwdriver, a grinder, a hacksaw, a set of brushes, nails and screws.
Pit preparation
Deepening in the ground should be at least 2.5 meters. When digging a foundation pit, it is important to consider the thickness and material of the floor, the height of the crushed stone pillow. Its thickness will be 20-30 cm. Each owner chooses the pit volume individually, depending on the planned harvest, the number of family members. To a given figure add a few centimeters for wall decoration, a clay castle device.
Digging a pit for a cellar is best done manually, as the uneven edges left after the excavator will contribute to the destruction of the waterproofing. In the process of digging in the corners, the supports from the channel are immediately clogged, on them in the future, floor beams will be laid. After completion of work, the pit is left for several days, covered with polyethylene. During this time, you can determine the suitability of the pit for future storage. If groundwater is not visible, such places are covered with clay. Heavy floods make further construction impossible.
Foundation
For good protection of products from sunlight, the underground cellar must have its own foundation. You can create a real isolated chamber, which is not afraid of any external influences, by creating a strong base. For street cellars, two types of bases are used:
Walling
The walls in the underground cellar are made of concrete, brick, block. The concrete mixture is poured after the construction of the formwork along the reinforcing cage. The work must be carried out without slowing down, otherwise the material will dry out and cold bridges will form, which will make the wall less durable.
A brick wall is made in one element. The masonry is fastened with a solution of cement or clay and sand. The outer side is coated with resin, isolated with roofing material. The hollow space between the brick and the ground is covered with earth.
Waterproofing and ventilation
Any type of cellar must be provided with ventilation. Underground storage is a particularly wet room. Water will be released through the soil from vegetables and fruits. It is better to provide two ventilation ducts. The first is a supply air, looks like a pipe and sinks to the bottom of the basement. Through it, natural air will flow clean. The second channel - exhaust, mounted on the opposite wall, provides the outflow of exhaust air masses.
So that there are no problems with the penetration of moisture during the operation of the underground cellar, it is necessary to make good waterproofing. It’s more convenient to finish the inside of the structure. The moisture transmittance of surfaces can be reduced in the following ways:
Cellar overlapping and ceiling insulation
To close the store using wood, concrete, or a combination of both. Treated walls are supported by wooden beams; boards treated with an antiseptic are attached to them. A slab flooring with a hole for the hatch is being prepared. After installation, the structure is coated with clay, covered with soil, covered with polyethylene, poured with concrete.
For internal thermal insulation of the floor, foam is used. They attach it to the lattice structure under the ceiling, sheathe boards, fiberboard. Between the material and the ceiling it is necessary to make a layer of polyethylene. You can mount it on a simple double-sided tape. For finishing, boards or plaster are suitable.
Roof arrangement
The upper part of the street storage can be at ground level or rise by 20-30 cm. In the latter case, it is necessary to equip a good strong roof. It can be single-pitched, gable. The only condition is the insulation of its external part with soil. The inner side of the coating is laid out with a croaker, convex parts up. This option is suitable if the cellar is located on a hill at the foot of the hill.
If the cellar is a separate building, it is better to make the roof from the boards at a certain angle. The tree should extend at least 50 cm beyond the foundation pit. Ruberoid and slate, straw, and tile are laid on top of it.
Lighting
When choosing lighting for the basement, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the design of lighting fixtures and the type of lamps, but also to the method of their fastening, the possibility of safe cable routing. Suitable models of devices that are completely isolated from moisture. They should be light in weight, robust, corrosion resistant. Only one-piece cable can be used.When installing fixtures in rooms with high humidity, the following safety rules must be observed:
Interior decoration and equipment of the cellar
The decoration of the cellar is very different from the internal work in the living room. For this, only special materials are suitable - moisture resistant, non-toxic. More often they use paint for underground rooms. It can be a mixture based on liquid glass, acrylic compositions, various emulsions. For good adhesion to the concrete surface, you must first apply a moisture resistant base.
Also, for the decoration of street storage often used slaked lime. This is a budget option, but requires good ventilation. Antifungal mixtures protect the surface from mold and prevent microorganisms from multiplying.
When all the finishing work is completed, you can proceed to equip the cellar with various shelves and drawers for storing food. Each gardener chooses the quantity, shape, size of shelving individually for himself. For cans and barrels, wooden coasters along the walls are suitable. Poles and hooks under the ceiling can be used to dry berries and fruits.
Features of the construction of the horse cellar
Ground garden storage can be built on any site, no exception - places with a high level of groundwater. The building can become a real decoration of the yard, if it is beautifully decorated from the street. There are several options for horseback storage. Separate them by location relative to soil level.
Vaults can stand alone or be attached to one of the walls of the house, shed, any other building. You can choose any option, there are no special differences between ground buildings.It all depends on the capabilities and skill level of the owner of the site. When designing a project, it is necessary to take into account the design features and advantages of any type of structure.
Embankment construction
The construction of the cellar is not difficult. For the construction will require logs, boards, any wood material. The raw materials do not have to be new; you can use elements from disassembled sheds, a summer shower or the remains of any tree. Building materials must be prepared - coated with bitumen. So you can significantly extend their service life.
Massive logs are dug around the perimeter of the future cellar and tie their ends at the top. The design is covered with boards and roofing material. Peat mixture is used as an embankment. They pour it on the roof and tamp it well. This will allow you to better retain heat. If desired, the soil can be sown with any low vegetation. On one side, they make a door, they insulate it with polyethylene and polystyrene.
Outwardly, the bulk cellar resembles a triangular prism. This design is perfect for storing vegetables, preserving and other preparations for the winter. The edges of the roof must necessarily hang. This will provide a good flow of water, and snow in the winter will play the role of a natural insulation.
Construction without an embankment
The mini-cellars that have long been loved by gardeners perform not only their direct functions, but can also be the original decoration of the site. The storage without embankment can be built on a small area, thanks to the ground type of construction, any flooding by groundwater is eliminated.
The design and size of the cellar can be any, the main thing is that there is enough space for storing the entire food stock. When drafting a project, one should take into account the volume of the crop, the number of family members. The design can be made of the usual type - an insulated box with double walls or a room with ventilation and interior decoration.For an external, internal arrangement, any original idea, for example, in the style of a hobbiton, is suitable.
The construction of a land cellar without an embankment begins with the preparation of the site. Remove the topsoil, approximately 20 cm, level and tamp the site. Then lay out a draining pillow of expanded clay. This will increase the waterproofing. If there are a lot of rodents near the country house, the device is supplemented with washed-out clay. Bricks with minimal clearance are placed in this mixture and masonry is made at least 15 cm high from the ground.
The ceiling and walls are made of massive boards. To create the perfect microclimate use laying in several rows with a lining of insulating material. The design must have ventilation. The roof is made of a gable, shed of slate or roofing material.
Semi-Recessed Cellar
The construction does not completely go underground, its main part rises above the ground, which allows the construction of a full-fledged storage facility. This arrangement reduces the time and labor required to build a cellar. It will be necessary to dig a shallow pit, minimal thermal insulation will be enough. It will be cheaper and more effective than any basement, semi-basement version. The storage is convenient to use, it is easy to get to it through wide steps. For the construction of such a cellar, the following materials will be required:
It is necessary to work strictly according to a pre-compiled project, performing the steps outlined. First they dig a pit, about 1 meter. Then they lay a brick, concrete base, raise the walls to the desired level, usually no more than 2 meters. The bottom and walls are laid out with waterproofing materials (roofing material, clay, bitumen). The roof is made of slab, covered with roofing material and sprinkled with soil.A great idea for interior decoration is the use of an arched ceiling.
Cellar of concrete rings
This method of construction is simple and less expensive than previous options. It has its advantages and disadvantages. Strong well rings are a durable material that is resistant to damage and groundwater, but have a lot of weight, so you can’t do without using lifting equipment. The construction can be erected without a foundation, with minimal waterproofing. It is enough to coat the joints of the material with mastic. Rings require careful installation. At the slightest misalignment, strong concrete will crack.
Concrete parts can be round, square. This makes it possible to arrange them in a vertical, horizontal position, optimally organize the internal arrangement. Before purchasing materials for a country cellar, it is necessary to clearly present its purpose, evaluate the possibility of delivering heavy cargo to the installation site, and calculate the required number of elements.
After completing the preparatory measures, you can begin construction. On the territory of private plots, vertical cellars from the rings are mainly built. Start with excavation: dig a hole 2.5 meters deep, install a ring, coat the joint with cement mortar, lower the next ring and tightly connect the spike and groove.
Now, for the convenience of launching and finishing works, a metal staircase is installed. The roof can be used purchased or made with your own hands from a metal sheet and heat-insulating materials. For better air circulation, double natural ventilation is done - pipes are installed at different heights.
Features of the construction of a wine cellar
The construction of a cellar for storing wines is practically no different from a standard vegetable store. First, a suitable place is chosen, with the condition that it should be dry enough inside.To place the structure under the house, it must be designed before it is built, while it is forbidden to have a storage under the kitchen, sauna, bathhouse.
When choosing building materials, it is necessary to pay attention to the absence of a specific smell, and they should also be treated with antiseptics, coated with moisture protective agents. For the construction of walls, you can use concrete, brick, foam block. The interior decoration of the partitions is made exclusively of natural wood, stone, including artificial, decorative tiles, bricks. Hardwood, ceramic tiles, natural stone, gravel or sand are used as flooring.
An important point is the internal arrangement. To illuminate the wine structure, only low-power artificial light sources are used. To maintain the microclimate, temperatures in the range of 12-14 ° C, special thermal doors are installed, both internal and input. Thermal insulation and vapor barrier deserve special attention, there should be no gaps in the room, they are treated with antiseptics and sealed. For thermal insulation, a lining with a porous structure is used. Do not forget about high-quality ventilation, on which the absence of extraneous odors depends.
Ready-made constructions for cellars
In the absence of experience, tools, time and effort to build a warehouse, you can use ready-made models. For many gardeners, gardeners, this option becomes optimal. There are different types of structures that differ in the material of manufacture:
Products differ in shape:
Cellar under the balcony in the apartment
It is possible to build a warehouse for vegetables and other supplies under the balcony of the apartment, having received permission for redevelopment in the appropriate authority. Time-consuming, expensive work will take place in several stages:
How to care for a cellar
To maintain any structure clean and in good condition, periodic maintenance is required. The vegetable store is no exception. With timely maintenance of the design, the products will not deteriorate, they will not acquire an odor. You can accomplish this by adhering to certain rules:
Conclusion
Many owners of country houses have their own garden, store food for the winter. Even those who use the basement as storage can not do without a cellar. Many have already appreciated the benefits of this structure, others only decide to build it on their own. Someone even makes a choice in favor of purchased finished products.