A sense of beauty should be instilled in a child from a very young age. It is desirable that everything around him be nice and beautiful. In most cases, the design of a site in a kindergarten is not done by “cool” designers, but by ordinary educators and parents. All decor located on the playground is made as safe as possible, usually painted in bright colors.
The basic safety requirements for playgrounds intended for children are regulated by normative documents, which take into account all the causes of injury, and measures to prevent it are prescribed.
The main standards are:
lack of sharp corners, edges within the reach of children;
height and construction is made suitable for a particular age group;
all equipment is mounted as stable as possible, the design is designed so that, if necessary, an adult can access any part of it and help the child;
the distance between the steps, the parts of the railing, other details should exclude a head jam if the baby decided to stick it there;
for the smallest everywhere, railings are created corresponding to their growth;
coverage near slides, stairs, swings is made shock-soft;
there should be enough space on the site to run, play;
the use of toxic materials, slippery coatings is unacceptable;
the thickness of the railing, other similar elements is such that the child could easily wrap them in his hand;
Damaged, worn parts of equipment, decor must be replaced, repaired in a timely manner.
Design Features
The design of a particular section of the kindergarten depends on its size - the larger the space, the more equipment, decorative and functional elements will be placed there. On a standard site are approximately the following items:
sandbox;
arbor (including completely enclosed);
slide height corresponding to the age of users;
swing and rocking;
ladders and "climbers";
labyrinth;
game house.
It is not necessary to place all objects within one area - three to four are enough.In some kindergartens, entire game complexes are installed, including slides, ladders, rings, all kinds of “push-and-twist” (for the development of the smallest), houses, trains, etc.
Size, site structure
The approximate norm of the area, per one child, depends on the total number of pupils, the density of development of the district, amounting to about 35-60 square meters. m. The norm of space under the canopies, on the terraces, in the gazebos is 1.5 square meters. m per person. On the territory there should be a sufficient number of sunny and shaded places, as well as plums, storm water drains. Fencing DOU is made 1.6-1.8 meters high. From the outer perimeter of the garden, a “green strip” is created of trees, shrubs, at least four to five meters wide.
Main areas of the site:
game room;
aesthetic;
sports;
for relax.
In the general space of the kindergarten, in addition to the local zones for each group, there are general physical education, utility areas, spaces for cycling, and a scooter. Sandboxes with covers are also provided here. The very covering of the soil of the “cells” for each group is carried out with sand, tamped with earth, and for pupils under three years old - with a grass lawn. The presence of smooth footpaths without pits and potholes is a must. To form children’s skills in caring for plants, a small garden is organized in the kindergarten, a zone with road markings and signs is set up to study traffic rules.
The choice of material for design
Garden decor is made of "waste" materials:
plastic bottles of various sizes;
details of old furniture;
tires;
pebbles of different sizes;
CDs and records;
basins, containers, pots.
From the above materials are plot compositions - scenes from fairy tales, cartoons. Additionally, concrete is used as the basis, and mock-ups of famous buildings are made of plywood.All designs are painted with paints that are harmless to children.
Creating a play area
Game room is one of the main zones, it is here that children spend the most time. Through the game, the child learns the world, learns many skills that are useful in life. The territory allocated to each group is made out in its own way, but the overall composition should look whole. Any crafts and designs on the site should "include" imagination, the desire for cognitive activity in children. It will house a small tower and a spinning windmill, a well-crane and a crocodile made of wood for running, a train with several wagons and a dining group carved from hemp. They also place racks-abacus with balls strung on them, cubes on which letters, numbers, and simple mathematical examples are written.
A small “summer theater” with appropriate decorations is often organized in the playing space.
Creation of a sports ground
Before making out a sports zone, they usually make up a project - not all elements are permissible to be placed “anywhere”, since safe distances must be made between them and the coating is minimally traumatic.
In the sports zone, all activities are carried out aimed at improving, strengthening the body, improving strength, developing the flexibility and agility of babies:
morning work-out;
physical education classes;
story outdoor games;
sports holidays;
independent activity related to the movement;
tempering events.
In this area, ladders, climbing frames, slides, horizontal bars, labyrinths, targets, throwing balls, and sometimes even children's exercise machines adapted for the growth and physical qualities of the pupils are placed.
What kind of coverage to use on the playground
There are several coverage options, each of them has its own nuances:
sand - the most popular, cheap, convenient to use.With it, any place will easily become an impromptu sandbox, and the cover itself is quite simple to bring, pour and level. The main minus is that the garbage accumulates here very quickly, it is problematic to clean it, and street animals often perceive it as the most convenient place for the toilet. Younger children sometimes try to eat sand. Adapted version - soft river sand covered with geotextiles;
lawn - the coating is soft, environmentally friendly, safe. But with constant and active use it “tramples”, not having time to grow, and without timely watering, mowing, aeration and other painstaking procedures, the lawn becomes inconspicuous and sometimes “bald”;
wood chips, natural mulch - the coating comes out soft, pleasant for walking, games. Cons - in the wet state, it sticks to shoes, spreading throughout the territory, requiring regular bedding, in the dry - it is fire hazardous;
rubber tile - a modern, beautiful version of the coating, which is made from recycled tires, painted in any color. The product perfectly passes water, is easy to clean, and minimizes the risk of injury. Cons - high cost, as well as the deformation of individual tiles, occurring over time;
seamless rubber coating - creates a flat, beautiful surface, reduces injuries, gives the space an aesthetic appearance, but is very expensive, since it is unlikely to do it yourself;
plastic coating - wear-resistant, easy to clean, soft, made of individual modules or solid, in size of the site. You can play it right after the rain, without fear of getting dirty. The cost of coverage is also high.
Planning, track design
The paths in the kindergarten are divided into those intended for movement on foot or by bicycle, as well as “health paths” along which people walk barefoot.The latter are made of pallet boards, have cells, each of which is filled with different materials - sand, pebbles, gravel, wood cuts, sawdust, sticks, fir cones, chestnuts, etc. Such paths are created to prevent flat feet, stimulation of biologically active points on the feet.
Ordinary paths are made wide enough for two children to walk along, holding hands. The coating is asphalt, from tiles, less often - concrete or wide boards. The surface should rise slightly above the ground so that puddles do not form, be as smooth as possible, so that children do not stumble on unevenness. Tracks are laid to each significant object.
Landscaping: choose trees, shrubs
Green spaces purify the air, create a favorable atmosphere for relaxation and training. Their contemplation is good for the eyes, and dense, high planting protects well from city noise, gas pollution. With the help of low or medium height bushes, spaces intended for different kindergarten groups are separated from each other.
It is unacceptable to plant any poisonous, thorny shrubs and flowers (roses, lilies of the valley, dogrose, acacia, castor oil bean tree, bean bower) on the playground, as well as those on which inedible, but very beautiful berries grow (euonymus, privet).
Best fit:
maple - holly, Tatar, riverine;
poplar;
Linden;
Rowan;
birch - warty, fluffy;
larch;
lilac - Hungarian, Persian;
garden jasmine;
Apple tree;
pear.
Most kindergartens also have a small garden with the most common crops - potatoes, tomatoes, peas, onions, radishes, pumpkins, etc. Sometimes there is a “living corner” in the preschool educational institution, part of which is located on the street in the summer under a canopy. Here live rabbits, birds, rodents, and children learn to care for them.
The level of landscaping of the kindergarten should be at least 40-60% of the entire territory.
Organization of a place of rest: how to arrange arbors, pavilions
Arbors of the kindergarten are arranged so that an adult can clearly see the whole space completely. The construction is created as safe as possible, brightly, variably framed by plot paintings from the inside and out. They place it in the shade, if the design provides for the presence of steps, railings are also made to them. Among other requirements - fire safety, the absence of drafts, sharp corners. Of the materials, brick, treated with special compounds wood, plastic, polycarbonate are suitable, in addition, vine and textiles are used. But metal is unacceptable within the reach of children - in the summer it gets very hot, in winter it can cause injury resulting from children's “experiments” (for example, touching the tongue).
Decorative design of the kindergarten by summer
In summer, the main decoration of the street are flowers - they are planted along roads, on flower beds of various shapes, alpine slides. Plastic bottles painted in different colors serve as a symbolic fence for flower beds. Pigs and hares made from the same bottles, swans from automobile tires, ladybugs from rounded pebbles can "walk" on the flowerbed itself. Sometimes small architectural forms made of wood are placed on the site - these are gnomes, foresters, princesses, towers, etc.
Kindergarten site decoration by autumn
Autumn is a natural “riot of colors”, original crafts from “forest gifts” that can be used to decorate both the group itself and the space of arbors, pavilions. In the latter, children are out walking if it rains. Here garlands are made of leaves, flags, acorns, cones, drawn on paper, cut out, pasted with tape (for strength). On one of the walls there is a story composition, “telling” about the autumn concerns of the forest inhabitants: a squirrel collecting nuts, a hedgehog with mushrooms, a bear with honey,birds with sprigs of berries or spikelets of cereals in its beak.
Decorative design of a kindergarten site in winter
By the New Year, decorations are made bright, but mostly in cool colors. For this, foil, shiny discs, and plastic are used. During snow clearing, parents, educators build all kinds of “winter figures” - trains, numbers, Santa Claus with a Snow Maiden, a hare with a fox. To color the sculptures, watercolor or gouache paints are used. For the organization of "winter fun" from the snow build castles, ice slides. At this time of the year, it makes sense to arrange bird feeders - they are made from plastic bottles, packs of milk. Such a product will not only become an interesting complement to the landscape, but also allow children to take care of birds.
Decorative design of the kindergarten in the spring
In the spring, mini flowerbeds are arranged on the territory on which primroses are planted. Flowerbeds are organized in tubs, wooden trains, in which suitable excavations have been made for pouring earth, tire covers, painted in different colors. Verandas, arbors in the spring are also decorated with flags and story compositions. The most suitable tones are white, pink, pale blue, lime. A variant of the picture cut out of paper and placed on the wall is various animals planting flowers, launching paper boats into the water.
Conclusion
Landscaping in a preschool educational institution is almost a separate art form. Everything is done here so that little citizens feel comfortable and fun at any time of the year. Landscaping of a partially equipped territory is usually done on their own, using improvised means - many interesting ideas are easy to find on the Internet. But when the kindergarten is still at the stage of the project (construction), professional designers are involved in this, knowing absolutely everything about playgrounds.
A sense of beauty should be instilled in a child from a very young age. It is desirable that everything around him be nice and beautiful. In most cases, the design of a site in a kindergarten is not done by “cool” designers, but by ordinary educators and parents. All decor located on the playground is made as safe as possible, usually painted in bright colors.
Content
Safety requirements for playgrounds
The basic safety requirements for playgrounds intended for children are regulated by normative documents, which take into account all the causes of injury, and measures to prevent it are prescribed.
The main standards are:
Design Features
The design of a particular section of the kindergarten depends on its size - the larger the space, the more equipment, decorative and functional elements will be placed there. On a standard site are approximately the following items:
It is not necessary to place all objects within one area - three to four are enough.In some kindergartens, entire game complexes are installed, including slides, ladders, rings, all kinds of “push-and-twist” (for the development of the smallest), houses, trains, etc.
Size, site structure
The approximate norm of the area, per one child, depends on the total number of pupils, the density of development of the district, amounting to about 35-60 square meters. m. The norm of space under the canopies, on the terraces, in the gazebos is 1.5 square meters. m per person. On the territory there should be a sufficient number of sunny and shaded places, as well as plums, storm water drains. Fencing DOU is made 1.6-1.8 meters high. From the outer perimeter of the garden, a “green strip” is created of trees, shrubs, at least four to five meters wide.
Main areas of the site:
In the general space of the kindergarten, in addition to the local zones for each group, there are general physical education, utility areas, spaces for cycling, and a scooter. Sandboxes with covers are also provided here. The very covering of the soil of the “cells” for each group is carried out with sand, tamped with earth, and for pupils under three years old - with a grass lawn. The presence of smooth footpaths without pits and potholes is a must. To form children’s skills in caring for plants, a small garden is organized in the kindergarten, a zone with road markings and signs is set up to study traffic rules.
The choice of material for design
Garden decor is made of "waste" materials:
From the above materials are plot compositions - scenes from fairy tales, cartoons. Additionally, concrete is used as the basis, and mock-ups of famous buildings are made of plywood.All designs are painted with paints that are harmless to children.
Creating a play area
Game room is one of the main zones, it is here that children spend the most time. Through the game, the child learns the world, learns many skills that are useful in life. The territory allocated to each group is made out in its own way, but the overall composition should look whole. Any crafts and designs on the site should "include" imagination, the desire for cognitive activity in children. It will house a small tower and a spinning windmill, a well-crane and a crocodile made of wood for running, a train with several wagons and a dining group carved from hemp. They also place racks-abacus with balls strung on them, cubes on which letters, numbers, and simple mathematical examples are written.
Creation of a sports ground
Before making out a sports zone, they usually make up a project - not all elements are permissible to be placed “anywhere”, since safe distances must be made between them and the coating is minimally traumatic.
In the sports zone, all activities are carried out aimed at improving, strengthening the body, improving strength, developing the flexibility and agility of babies:
In this area, ladders, climbing frames, slides, horizontal bars, labyrinths, targets, throwing balls, and sometimes even children's exercise machines adapted for the growth and physical qualities of the pupils are placed.
What kind of coverage to use on the playground
There are several coverage options, each of them has its own nuances:
Planning, track design
The paths in the kindergarten are divided into those intended for movement on foot or by bicycle, as well as “health paths” along which people walk barefoot.The latter are made of pallet boards, have cells, each of which is filled with different materials - sand, pebbles, gravel, wood cuts, sawdust, sticks, fir cones, chestnuts, etc. Such paths are created to prevent flat feet, stimulation of biologically active points on the feet.
Ordinary paths are made wide enough for two children to walk along, holding hands. The coating is asphalt, from tiles, less often - concrete or wide boards. The surface should rise slightly above the ground so that puddles do not form, be as smooth as possible, so that children do not stumble on unevenness. Tracks are laid to each significant object.
Landscaping: choose trees, shrubs
Green spaces purify the air, create a favorable atmosphere for relaxation and training. Their contemplation is good for the eyes, and dense, high planting protects well from city noise, gas pollution. With the help of low or medium height bushes, spaces intended for different kindergarten groups are separated from each other.
It is unacceptable to plant any poisonous, thorny shrubs and flowers (roses, lilies of the valley, dogrose, acacia, castor oil bean tree, bean bower) on the playground, as well as those on which inedible, but very beautiful berries grow (euonymus, privet).
Best fit:
Most kindergartens also have a small garden with the most common crops - potatoes, tomatoes, peas, onions, radishes, pumpkins, etc. Sometimes there is a “living corner” in the preschool educational institution, part of which is located on the street in the summer under a canopy. Here live rabbits, birds, rodents, and children learn to care for them.
Organization of a place of rest: how to arrange arbors, pavilions
Arbors of the kindergarten are arranged so that an adult can clearly see the whole space completely. The construction is created as safe as possible, brightly, variably framed by plot paintings from the inside and out. They place it in the shade, if the design provides for the presence of steps, railings are also made to them. Among other requirements - fire safety, the absence of drafts, sharp corners. Of the materials, brick, treated with special compounds wood, plastic, polycarbonate are suitable, in addition, vine and textiles are used. But metal is unacceptable within the reach of children - in the summer it gets very hot, in winter it can cause injury resulting from children's “experiments” (for example, touching the tongue).
Decorative design of the kindergarten by summer
In summer, the main decoration of the street are flowers - they are planted along roads, on flower beds of various shapes, alpine slides. Plastic bottles painted in different colors serve as a symbolic fence for flower beds. Pigs and hares made from the same bottles, swans from automobile tires, ladybugs from rounded pebbles can "walk" on the flowerbed itself. Sometimes small architectural forms made of wood are placed on the site - these are gnomes, foresters, princesses, towers, etc.
Kindergarten site decoration by autumn
Autumn is a natural “riot of colors”, original crafts from “forest gifts” that can be used to decorate both the group itself and the space of arbors, pavilions. In the latter, children are out walking if it rains. Here garlands are made of leaves, flags, acorns, cones, drawn on paper, cut out, pasted with tape (for strength). On one of the walls there is a story composition, “telling” about the autumn concerns of the forest inhabitants: a squirrel collecting nuts, a hedgehog with mushrooms, a bear with honey,birds with sprigs of berries or spikelets of cereals in its beak.
Decorative design of a kindergarten site in winter
By the New Year, decorations are made bright, but mostly in cool colors. For this, foil, shiny discs, and plastic are used. During snow clearing, parents, educators build all kinds of “winter figures” - trains, numbers, Santa Claus with a Snow Maiden, a hare with a fox. To color the sculptures, watercolor or gouache paints are used. For the organization of "winter fun" from the snow build castles, ice slides. At this time of the year, it makes sense to arrange bird feeders - they are made from plastic bottles, packs of milk. Such a product will not only become an interesting complement to the landscape, but also allow children to take care of birds.
Decorative design of the kindergarten in the spring
In the spring, mini flowerbeds are arranged on the territory on which primroses are planted. Flowerbeds are organized in tubs, wooden trains, in which suitable excavations have been made for pouring earth, tire covers, painted in different colors. Verandas, arbors in the spring are also decorated with flags and story compositions. The most suitable tones are white, pink, pale blue, lime. A variant of the picture cut out of paper and placed on the wall is various animals planting flowers, launching paper boats into the water.
Conclusion
Landscaping in a preschool educational institution is almost a separate art form. Everything is done here so that little citizens feel comfortable and fun at any time of the year. Landscaping of a partially equipped territory is usually done on their own, using improvised means - many interesting ideas are easy to find on the Internet. But when the kindergarten is still at the stage of the project (construction), professional designers are involved in this, knowing absolutely everything about playgrounds.