For many decades, the refrigerator remains an indispensable unit in every kitchen. There are many different modern models on the market, differing in a set of functions, design. Before choosing a refrigerator that fits perfectly into the interior and meets all the requirements for use, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the important parameters of household refrigeration appliances.
Each model has its own dimensions. This is an important parameter that affects the main selection criteria. A large family will need a roomy refrigerator, in which there will be enough space for storing food stocks. Farmers, gardeners, should also look at large refrigeration and freezers, because they are very useful for storing crops and during the slaughter season.
Small kitchens are better not to overload with overall equipment. A small budget refrigerator is suitable, up to one and a half meters in height. Especially if the family consists of one, two people. The dimensions of the embedded models must be discussed in advance with the wizard who installs the appropriate module.
Overall dimensions include height, depth, width. Height is unlikely to be a problem in ordinary apartments and houses, and the width and depth of most models rarely deviate from the standard. Dimensions of large-sized design equipment should be taken into account at the initial stage of kitchen design, when arranging furniture.
Useful volume
In the characteristics of the refrigerator you can see two parameters: total and usable volume. The second indicator needs special attention, since it reflects the real capacity. The usable volume is indicated excluding shelves, egg containers, trays on the inside of the door.
The smallest capacity in single-chamber refrigerators. Their useful volume ranges from 100-150 liters. Two-chamber units reach up to 350 liters. The largest volume of multi-chamber Side-by-Side models with swing doors is up to 700 liters.
Number and location of cameras
When choosing refrigeration equipment, it is necessary to take into account the number of family members, personal preferences of each. If it is not accepted to freeze food, then a large freezer will be useless. For thrifty housewives, it plays a huge role, so you should pay attention to its location. There are several layout schemes for cameras - European, Asian, American. All types of refrigerators can be divided into the following groups:
Single chamber
Compact single door models with one freezer located on top.
Bicameral
Each chamber is equipped with a separate door. The freezer compartment may be located below or above.
Three-chamber
In addition to standard compartments, it has a zero-temperature chamber for perishable products that are undesirable to freeze.
Side by side
Two-door models. The freezer is located in the side vertical compartment.
refrigerators compartment
The main compartment of the home refrigerator is designed for storage, cooling of food and drinks. In most models, takes 2/3 of the total. Cold stores are short-term and long-term storage. In the first case, the products can be stored for no more than 5 days, the second option significantly extends the shelf life, but only prepared, specially frozen pieces of meat, fish, puff pastry and other things.
Only fresh vegetables, drinks, desserts can be kept in compartments for gentle wet cooling. They are located as far as possible from the freezer. The shock freezing departments turn any product into ice in 1.5 hours. Suitable for freshly prepared dishes requiring instant freezing.
Freezer
In any house, even with the most picky owners, there should be a refrigerator with a freezer. She will come in handy. There are several types of low temperature compartments.Manufacturers mark the features of each model with special characters:
1 star (*). Short-term storage, no more than a week at a temperature of -6 degrees;
2 stars (**). The deadline for finding products is 1 month. Temperature -12 degrees;
3 stars (***). Taste qualities of processed foods will remain unchanged for 3 months. Temperature -18 degrees;
4 stars (****). The maximum shelf life is 12 months at a temperature of -24 degrees.
Types of refrigerator cooling system
The cooling of the interior of refrigeration equipment can occur in several ways. Each manufacturer uses the most convenient and popular option for a single model in the line of technical innovations. When choosing a device for the home, it is necessary to focus primarily on these indicators. All available cooling systems differ in the device and the principle of operation.
Compressor system
Household units for the home are most often equipped with just such a cooling system. She is the most common and practical. It is used in the Stinol, Atlant household units. Despite the impressive volume - economical and safe. The cooling process starts the compressor (linear, inverter motor), which makes freon move through the tubes. The heat generated during the operation of the motor leaves through a condenser, plastic tubes on the back or side of the refrigerator. A simple device helps to avoid overheating.
Manufacturers do not recommend installing compressor refrigerators near appliances that emit heat (batteries, heaters, stoves). Additional heating of the device will quickly disable the motor.
Most models run on a single compressor that cools the freezer, refrigerator. Refrigerators with two compressors are less common, each of which is responsible for lowering the temperature in a separate chamber.This allows you to adjust the temperature of the compartment, turn it off without loss for another. The system is not very popular, since its positive aspects overlap with the negative aspects - the high cost of the unit, the No Frost defrosting system is not provided.
Absorption system
The main difference between models with this type of cooling from conventional designs is that they lack a compressor. Such refrigerators operate silently and have a long service life. The negative aspects include the impossibility of repair in case of failure of the absorption system.
The cooling of the chambers, as in the compressor system, occurs due to the movement of the refrigerant. But in this case, the flow moves due to the dissolution of ammonia in water. The heat exchanger heating system using a generator is applied to small refrigeration units. To support the processes of large models, a lot of electricity is required.
The positive aspects of this type of cooling include the ability to use liquid fuel and gas as an energy source. In domestic conditions, models are used to make ice, for short-term storage of products. Russian companies produce absorption units with a volume of 30 to 200 liters.
Thermoelectric system
The operation of the device is based on the Peltier effect. Only small-sized models are produced. The main purpose of such refrigerators is high-quality cooling of products during any movements. Eco-friendly mini-unit does not emit refrigerants into the atmosphere, remains effective at low current consumption. Able to continuously work from the car cigarette lighter with the engine turned on. At the time of parking, its battery will discharge after 4 hours. In a home 220 V thermoelectric device can not be connected. It is designed to work from a network of 12 V. Turn it on at home only through the adapter and stabilizer.
Thermoelectric portable refrigerators come in various shapes and designs. The smallest, inexpensive models hold just a few bottles or cans. There are more places in rectangular chests; you can store a supply of provisions for the entire trip. Some car refrigerators have a number of storeys, special containers to delimit the degree of cooling.
Defrost systems
Any refrigerator must be defrosted and cleaned at regular intervals. This is a necessary process, due to which the system is stabilized, ice freezes, harmful microorganisms and unpleasant odors are removed. Such actions significantly extend the life of the equipment.
Modern models of refrigerators are able to automatically eliminate frozen condensate, thanks to special additions. To prevent the formation of ice, they are equipped with the following defrosting systems:
Drip. The most affordable for buyers. Such a refrigerator is very convenient to use. The evaporator and a special panel independently regulate temperature indicators. Accumulated condensate flows into the tank along the inner wall of the refrigerator.
Automatic. The built-in defrosting system is activated when frost is formed. It works on the principle of the water cycle - the accumulation of liquid, evaporation, return to its original place.
Semi-automatic. Installed in multi-chamber refrigerators. If the drip defrosting system works in the main compartment, then in order to get rid of the ice cap in the freezer, it will need to be disconnected from the network.
No frost It works thanks to air circulation in all compartments of the refrigerator. Air flow is generated by built-in fans. The evaporator is moved outside the know frost chamber. The dry defrosting system completely prevents the formation of ice, the packages do not freeze inside the compartments, a uniform temperature is always maintained.More details can be seen in the review.
No automatic defrosting system replaces full defrosting. The procedure must be performed at least 1 time per year. The accumulation of even minimal icing negatively affects the operation of all processes of the refrigerator.
Additional characteristics of refrigerators
You can choose exactly the necessary product for your kitchen from a variety of models according to three main signs - functionality, harmonious combination with the interior, ease of use. Many modern refrigerators are equipped with additional features that improve their performance. It can be a variety of sound signals, antibacterial coating, automatic power control and more.
Some additional features may not be compatible with your particular model. Preferring one modern technology, you have to sacrifice another. For example, compression devices are characterized by high cooling capacity, but they make noise when the motor is running. Silent thermoelectric refrigerators have a high cost, consume a lot of electricity in the fall, but attract buyers by the simplicity of design, low weight.
Economy class
One of the important indicators when choosing a model of a refrigeration unit for the home. It determines the likely energy costs to operate and maintain the necessary functions. The refrigerator is included in the network around the clock. In some brands, energy consumption occurs only at the moment the compressor is turned on, when other devices wind kilowatts continuously. Manufacturers label their products with special symbols according to the energy efficiency index. The following cost-effectiveness classes exist:
Class A. The most highly efficient models with a high rating are marked A +, A ++. Energy consumption up to 55%;
Class B. Average profitability index up to 75%;
Class C. Energy consumption is high, up to 95%;
Class D. Models of the old model with a huge profitability index, up to 110%.
Noise level
The volume of the refrigerator during operation should not exceed 53 dB. Noise levels are divided into low - up to 34 dB, medium - up to 44 dB, high - more than 45 dB. Such information is reflected in the passport of the device. For the human ear, this is minor interference, the hearing aid quickly adapts to them. But in any case, a quiet domestic refrigerator is more convenient to operate.
The most distinctive sound effects are created by the compressor. If it comes into contact with adjacent parts, the operation of the motor is supplemented by vibration. Characteristically murmurs refrigerant, moving through the tubes. You can clearly hear how the fan blows the cameras and clicks the relay when changing the mode.
Absolutely noiseless refrigeration equipment cannot work, but you can try to lower its volume yourself. You must install the refrigerator on the most even surface by adjusting the legs or placing a lining under them. It should not come into contact with other household appliances, fit snugly against furniture, with the exception of built-in models. You can also improve the outer part of the chamber by overlaying with special materials that absorb noise.
Climate class
Many additional features attract customers at the time of choosing a refrigerator. Climate control, unfortunately, is not one of them. This important characteristic indicates the possibility of operating the equipment at a certain temperature, humidity.
Warranty service may be provided if the refrigerator has been operated in an environment that is acceptable to its climate class. This indicator is divided into several types:
Normal (N). The most common class. Operating temperature range - 15-33 ° С In winter, the refrigerator should work in rooms with heating, and in the summer in ventilated kitchens;
Subnormal (SN).It works without problems at temperatures from 10 ° C to 32 ° C. Can be installed in cool basements, unheated corridors;
Subtropical (ST). Models are designed for hot regions with high humidity. Such refrigerators tolerate heat well up to 40 ° C.
There is also a T. marking. It is applied to instruments capable of withstanding temperatures of 45 ° C in dry tropical climates. Such refrigerators are practically not supplied to the Russian market. They are replaced by multiclass models that work smoothly in the entire temperature range presented above.
Air distribution system
A useful additional feature allows you to distribute chilled air evenly across all chambers. Special fans bring cool streams to the most inaccessible corners, to closed vegetable drawers and other departments. Models with a forced circulation system can be equipped with beautiful glass shelves and partitions, instead of standard metal grilles. There is no snow layer on the walls of the refrigerators, there is no need for frequent defrosting.
In the refrigerating compartments, single-level and multi-level air flows can be organized. Each manufacturer will improve its system, adapting it as much as possible to the needs of the consumer. Fans can be located on the side, rear wall of the unit and create swirling, direct flows.
Humidity control
The moisture content in the refrigerator is always less than outside. So that in the freezer or any other chamber, the products do not dry out and do not mold, it must be regulated. This function is supplemented by refrigerators with freshness areas. In the chamber, you can set the humidity level suitable for each specific product. For example, 50% will be enough for chilled fish and meat, and vegetables will be better preserved at 95% humidity.
Moisture content may increase due to insufficient fit of the door, frequent use of the compartment for preparing food ice. Constant sputum and smudges negatively affect the quality of products, reduce the efficiency of the unit. The cooling evaporator does not work properly. It often forms ice, which impedes its work. Increased loads significantly reduce the durability of the refrigeration appliance.
Using an electronic humidity controller, you can use any insulated chamber to store a certain group of goods. If the sensor is installed in a common compartment, the products must be placed on different shelves, taking into account changes in temperature in height, respectively, and humidity. If the camera is set to warm mode, the temperature in the upper zone will be +10, in the average +7. At the bottom + 5 degrees.
Super freeze
There was a place for a forced freezing compartment in the freezer. This feature is mainly found in multi-chamber refrigerators. The developers provided many models with a special system that allows them to turn a large volume of products in the compartment into a weekly freeze.
A feature of this function is the constant operation of the compressor when it is triggered. It will not turn off until all the goods loaded into the compartment accept the expected condition. The temperature in the shock freezing chamber drops to -35 degrees. When in an ordinary freezer only -18.
Produce models with automatic and manual super-freeze mode. Thanks to the automation of processes, after some time (from a couple of hours to several days), the mode is turned off. The temperature in the chamber drops to the usual -18 degrees. If there is no such function, intensive freezing can be turned off manually by turning the relay.
Vacation / vacation mode
Leaving the refrigerator in working condition for a long time without food, you can not only get a musty smell, but also spoil the equipment. The vacation / vacation mode will help to avoid such troubles. Many models, starting from the middle price category, are equipped with such a function.To minimize energy consumption, experts give recommendations on setting the temperature not lower than +15 degrees.
In single-compressor refrigerators with one cooling circuit, it is not possible to completely turn off the freezer, while leaving the remaining compartments working. Some units with two compressors immediately support two optimal variants of the “vacation” mode for low-temperature compartments - preservation of the normal operation mode and complete shutdown.
Automatic ice maker
The food ice preparation system is found in high-price models. For this, the unit must have a separate compartment connected to the water supply, the ability to filter. In some models, it is possible to manually pour already purified water into the container.
The ice generator does not freeze water, but distributes it in forms, maintains temperature, and distributes it through a special dispenser. Opening the refrigerator door is not required, the device dispenses water in a liquid, in a portion-frozen state when you press the desired button. The automatic cooling compartment in some units is supplemented by an ice crumb mill. Such refrigerators stand out due to the following factors:
The size. Models have a separate vertical compartment in the entire height of the unit, which increases their dimensions;
The presence of a decorative panel with many fasteners;
Additional canopies on the doors;
High energy efficiency. There is no need to often open the freezer to collect ice.
Antibacterial wall coating
The main reason for the appearance of spoiled foods in the refrigerator is the presence of microorganisms. Bacteria and fungi do not die at low temperatures. And just slow down the processes of life. To solve this problem, manufacturers began to cover the walls of some models with an antibacterial coating.A special layer based on silver particles can not only stop the spread of the fungus, but also destroy it completely.
In refrigerators with a good biological climate, foods are stored for longer, a musty smell does not appear. This can be a simple antiseptic deposition of only 100 microns, silver ions processing a special film inside the chambers, a dense ceramic layer with antibacterial particles. Any technology is reliable, copes well with the work - eliminates the development of microorganisms and dangerous infections.
Air filter
An integral addition to all modern refrigerators is a filter that absorbs unpleasant odors. The air purifier is able to neutralize unpleasant odors that come from smoked meats, raw fish, citrus fruits and other products. The essence of the work of special devices is to purify the air at the moment of its passage through the filter element.
The air purification system entering the refrigerator is very popular. It is used by well-known manufacturers: BOSCH, LG, Electrolux. In some premium models, such a device is complemented by a second filter, which destroys fungi, bacteria. The life of the odor-absorbing element is 6 months. Working longer, the filters themselves become distributors of bacteria and odor.
Cold batteries
A simple cold store is used to cool, maintain the required temperature in a portable thermobag or sealed mini-refrigerator. A plastic container with a special substance inside ensures the safety of products during country outings and long trips. Such an accumulator does not accumulate cold, but simply transfers its temperature to drinks, various quickly spoiling foods.
The life of the cooling elements is unlimited, and the principle of operation is very simple. Before use, it must be placed in the freezer and frozen well.Then it is transferred to a cooler bag with already chilled products and hermetically closed. The inner walls of portable simple refrigerators are covered with foil material, which helps to maintain the desired temperature for up to 24 hours. The cold accumulator can be stored in the freezer in a frozen state or chilled in a drawer or on a shelf.
The most important part of the coolers is the internal filler. It is its properties and features that affect the safety of products. Factory cold batteries are of the following types:
With gel filler. The main substance is carboxymethyl cellulose, packed in a sealed bag, absolutely safe. It has the ability to keep both low and high temperatures for a long time;
Saline. Rectangular durable plastic cans with blue salty liquid. Throughout the day, the temperature is maintained from -20 to +5 degrees;
Silicone Warmer-shaped film bags are suitable for long-term cooling. They can keep the temperature from 0 to + 2 for a week.
Ergonomics of the refrigerator
One of the main kitchen helpers should not only be as functional as possible, but also convenient to use. Properly equipped cameras will facilitate interaction with them, speed up the search for the desired product. You will not forget about a small piece of sausage rolled into the far corner or sliced lemon, if for such residues a special place is allocated on the side door.
Shelves, convenient on height, will allow to store bottles with drinks, packs with juice in vertical position. For round fruits, many refrigerators have inclined containers, while for oblong fruits special rag hammocks are hung. Such accessories in the units are a great way to save space. Drawers allow you to observe the proximity of goods and prevent the mixing of odors.
Shelves
The same type refrigerators from competing manufacturers can be equipped with shelves made of various materials. They can differ not only in the manufacturing method, but also in shape, color, texture and other factors. The size of the internal horizontal partitions depends on the size of the refrigerator. Internal shelves can be of the following types:
Metal. They are found in economy class models. They are freely adjustable in height, can be removed, retracted. Shelves for main storage in a budget refrigerator are simply coated with enamel. Stands for products in modern units have plastic coatings. Both options are durable, not afraid of mechanical stress. The disadvantages include the rack shape and the possibility of rust formation at the place of enamel cleavage;
Glass. Made of high strength tempered glass. Products are able to withstand a load of up to 30 kilograms. This is the most expensive, outwardly attractive option. Shelves have plastic sides and edging. They can be wide or reach half the depth of the refrigerator. The main drawback is the obstacle to the normal circulation of air inside the chambers;
Plastic They are made of special food-grade plastic. This is the least reliable option for refrigerator shelves. Plastic coasters are very fragile, eventually crack, exfoliate and turn yellow.
Shelves on the doors
Boxes on the side door of the refrigerator are often used for storing everyday products: eggs, sauces, cut vegetables and fruits. In some models, the lower shelf of the door is equipped with a special device for storing round bottles. Products are made of plastic, can be open or closed, transparent and matte.
The door is usually provided with space for 3-5 horizontal removable shelves over its entire width. There are units with scattered shelves-balconies of small size.The surface of the inner side of the door in some models is equipped with additional holders to change the location of products. Next to such devices may be a minibar - a cut-in window with a separate door or a reservoir for chilled liquids - a recess with a dispenser.
Containers
For high-quality and convenient storage of products, many models have special boxes. There are vegetable containers in everyone, even in the simplest refrigerator. They are placed in the opposite part of the freezer, have a molded shape. The material of manufacture is plastic. They can be transparent and opaque, with or without a separate lid. For open containers, a special glass lining is provided that preserves the moisture content at any temperature in the refrigerator. A pair of identical drawers easily extends without touching the upper shelves.
In some models, retractable containers replace conventional shelves. Storage boxes for large containers are provided. They are equipped with special holders to prevent goods from rolling in round containers. Delicate berries are stored in closed boxes with a special rough bottom, so that they do not slide and stick together.
Freezer drawers
Most budget refrigerators do not have drawers in the freezer. The spacious compartment is simply divided into zones by several shelves. But if the manufacturer has provided for the presence of containers, the advanced function must be used to the maximum. Thanks to such a container with a tight-fitting panel, the products are stored longer. Freezers can be equipped with several types of drawers:
Retractable cameras;
Hinged trays;
Folding boxes.
In refrigerators with a large freezer located near the floor, wide drawers are used. Collapsible structures are very easy to maintain. If a part of a plastic product breaks, you can easily find a replacement at the manufacturer’s service center.One-piece containers are made of high-strength material, well adapted to extremely low temperatures.
Lighting
Due to the design and seals of the door, the walls of the refrigerator do not allow light, heat rays. This technique has its own lighting provided by the manufacturer. More often, lamps and light modules are located on the side wall. This type of accommodation is very convenient. Light appears automatically when the door is opened. The glow of the light bulb on the back wall covers the entire camera, it is not blocked by products. Lamps can be mounted on the top panel or visor. These are the most unfortunate options. The light does not reach the lower shelves.
Different brands of refrigerators can be equipped with different types of lighting. The quality of light depends on the selected system and the bulb itself. You can meet the following illumination:
Incandescent lamp. An affordable, easy-to-use option. It emits a bright yellow light. Disadvantages - very hot;
Halogen lamps. It consumes little power. The light is bright, soft. Disadvantages - heating during operation;
Luminescent lighting. The lamps emit a white glow, have a high service life (15 thousand hours), do not heat up. Disadvantages - the content of hazardous mercury vapor. On the advice of manufacturers, they should be disposed of in special places;
LEDs The safest, most economical way to deliver light. Consume a minimum of electricity, can last up to 10 years. Disadvantages - complicated repair and replacement.
Pens
A refrigerator is a commonly used household appliance. His pens are taken daily and many times by all family members. Of great importance is their location on the outside of the door. They should be at a comfortable height for all. The upper doors of large multi-chamber refrigerators should have recesses in the panel at the top and bottom.
The handle of the refrigerator has a high functional, decorative value.Models with simple notches quickly lose their attractiveness as dirt accumulates in the recesses. Due to the design features of such parts, it is difficult to wash them. The most convenient option is a vertical, horizontal handle, similar to a door handle. It can be small in size, sufficient for the passage of the hand, or long in full width, the length of the refrigerator chamber. There are models with a diagonal arrangement of handles.
Door
Refrigerators are single-door and multi-door. The first option is considered standard and is implemented in most models. Units with a blind door are easy to operate, consume less electricity during operation than analogues of the same volume with several doors. The possibility of cold leakage through the doorway is reduced.
Multi-door refrigerators with swing doors (Side by Side) are in great demand. Large units can be freestanding and built-in. They will look good only in a large, spacious kitchen. An interesting option is a transparent door. Doors of a showcase type look very beautiful. But such models are rarely purchased for everyday use, because they require regular care. The condition of the glass surface must be carefully monitored. Practical and convenient unit - “door to door” from LG.
Design and equipment of modern refrigerators
A refrigerator is part of the kitchen interior. It should be not only functional and equipped with useful additions for the owners, but also have a nice color, the correct, convenient shape. Manufacturers offer customers the most diverse in appearance, style of design models. Most often, white refrigerators are found, with a standard streamlined shape.
In a sufficient assortment on sale, you can see units with sharp corners, narrow and elongated, or vice versa, low and wide. They can be of various shades.Popular colors: gray, metallic, gold. Many refrigerator manufacturers decorate the doors of devices with graphics, geometric patterns, colors, and even Swarovski crystals.
Each manufacturer annually expands its product line, equipping refrigerators with new, useful features. In modern units, the following additions are often found:
Electronic control. Models have a special digital display that displays information about the temperature inside the refrigerator. A sound signal will notify of any changes (open door, increase, decrease in temperature);
Smart refrigerator. Built-in wi-fi significantly extends the functionality of the model. You can control the refrigerator through any smartphone, computer or tablet. You only need to install a special program of the manufacturer. A “smart” refrigerator will report on the filling of products, their expiration dates and even independently make orders in online stores;
Self-diagnosis function. If a malfunction is detected, information with an error code will appear on a special display. Combinations of letters and numbers differ depending on the model;
Automated ice maker. It is mounted in a special compartment on the outside of the door. The purified water enters the portioned trays, it is frozen and transferred to the dispensing tray;
Chamber for wine. It is controlled separately from other zones, has its own door and wooden shelves-stands. Using a relay, you can create the perfect temperature for an elegant drink.
Built-in refrigerators
The main feature of this unit is a complete merger with kitchen furniture, saving space. This type of placement of the refrigerator is suitable for both spacious and miniature kitchens. Before choosing a model, it is necessary to take measurements of the opening for the refrigerator, taking into account the depth. A unit that goes beyond the general line of a kitchen set can ruin the whole picture.
The built-in fridge in the small kitchen will save precious space. It works almost without noise, as the sound is absorbed by the kitchen cabinet around the device. A model hidden in a niche can be of any color. An inconspicuous unit will not violate the design direction. Universal equipment suitable for offices, bars, hotels. Among the shortcomings can be noted the complexity of installation, high cost, a small assortment of styles and models.
How to integrate the refrigerator yourself
To integrate the refrigerator into the kitchen, no special skills are required. You will need a minimum set of tools, attentiveness and physical strength. The work will take place in several stages. First of all, you need to decide on the place and method of connecting to the network. Then you should free up space for work. Furniture items, household appliances should not interfere. If necessary, the kitchen wall modules are dismantled. Low models can be covered with a countertop. For large-sized refrigerators, a decorative baseboard is used.
Not every family can afford the purchase of an expensively built-in refrigerator. The design of the room will not deteriorate if for this purpose you use the most ordinary free-standing refrigerator. Save space in the kitchen this way will not work. Therefore, we need to think several times about the appropriateness of such a step before starting work. If the need to integrate the unit is confirmed, the first thing to do is to design a box that matches the color and design with the furniture in the kitchen. We install the finished product in the chosen place, put the refrigerator inside and make the door.
Conclusion
Each person has his own requirements for modern technology in the ratio of price - quality. Before buying a refrigerator, you need to evaluate its work and think about the need for additional functions.From the list of the most popular models from well-known brands, you can choose both expensive design equipment of the right size, and a simple white assistant of standard size.
For many decades, the refrigerator remains an indispensable unit in every kitchen. There are many different modern models on the market, differing in a set of functions, design. Before choosing a refrigerator that fits perfectly into the interior and meets all the requirements for use, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the important parameters of household refrigeration appliances.
Content
Dimensions of the refrigerator
Each model has its own dimensions. This is an important parameter that affects the main selection criteria. A large family will need a roomy refrigerator, in which there will be enough space for storing food stocks. Farmers, gardeners, should also look at large refrigeration and freezers, because they are very useful for storing crops and during the slaughter season.
Small kitchens are better not to overload with overall equipment. A small budget refrigerator is suitable, up to one and a half meters in height. Especially if the family consists of one, two people. The dimensions of the embedded models must be discussed in advance with the wizard who installs the appropriate module.
Overall dimensions include height, depth, width. Height is unlikely to be a problem in ordinary apartments and houses, and the width and depth of most models rarely deviate from the standard. Dimensions of large-sized design equipment should be taken into account at the initial stage of kitchen design, when arranging furniture.
Useful volume
In the characteristics of the refrigerator you can see two parameters: total and usable volume. The second indicator needs special attention, since it reflects the real capacity. The usable volume is indicated excluding shelves, egg containers, trays on the inside of the door.
The smallest capacity in single-chamber refrigerators. Their useful volume ranges from 100-150 liters. Two-chamber units reach up to 350 liters. The largest volume of multi-chamber Side-by-Side models with swing doors is up to 700 liters.
Number and location of cameras
When choosing refrigeration equipment, it is necessary to take into account the number of family members, personal preferences of each. If it is not accepted to freeze food, then a large freezer will be useless. For thrifty housewives, it plays a huge role, so you should pay attention to its location. There are several layout schemes for cameras - European, Asian, American. All types of refrigerators can be divided into the following groups:
refrigerators compartment
The main compartment of the home refrigerator is designed for storage, cooling of food and drinks. In most models, takes 2/3 of the total. Cold stores are short-term and long-term storage. In the first case, the products can be stored for no more than 5 days, the second option significantly extends the shelf life, but only prepared, specially frozen pieces of meat, fish, puff pastry and other things.
Only fresh vegetables, drinks, desserts can be kept in compartments for gentle wet cooling. They are located as far as possible from the freezer. The shock freezing departments turn any product into ice in 1.5 hours. Suitable for freshly prepared dishes requiring instant freezing.
Freezer
In any house, even with the most picky owners, there should be a refrigerator with a freezer. She will come in handy. There are several types of low temperature compartments.Manufacturers mark the features of each model with special characters:
Types of refrigerator cooling system
The cooling of the interior of refrigeration equipment can occur in several ways. Each manufacturer uses the most convenient and popular option for a single model in the line of technical innovations. When choosing a device for the home, it is necessary to focus primarily on these indicators. All available cooling systems differ in the device and the principle of operation.
Compressor system
Household units for the home are most often equipped with just such a cooling system. She is the most common and practical. It is used in the Stinol, Atlant household units. Despite the impressive volume - economical and safe. The cooling process starts the compressor (linear, inverter motor), which makes freon move through the tubes. The heat generated during the operation of the motor leaves through a condenser, plastic tubes on the back or side of the refrigerator. A simple device helps to avoid overheating.
Most models run on a single compressor that cools the freezer, refrigerator. Refrigerators with two compressors are less common, each of which is responsible for lowering the temperature in a separate chamber.This allows you to adjust the temperature of the compartment, turn it off without loss for another. The system is not very popular, since its positive aspects overlap with the negative aspects - the high cost of the unit, the No Frost defrosting system is not provided.
Absorption system
The main difference between models with this type of cooling from conventional designs is that they lack a compressor. Such refrigerators operate silently and have a long service life. The negative aspects include the impossibility of repair in case of failure of the absorption system.
The cooling of the chambers, as in the compressor system, occurs due to the movement of the refrigerant. But in this case, the flow moves due to the dissolution of ammonia in water. The heat exchanger heating system using a generator is applied to small refrigeration units. To support the processes of large models, a lot of electricity is required.
The positive aspects of this type of cooling include the ability to use liquid fuel and gas as an energy source. In domestic conditions, models are used to make ice, for short-term storage of products. Russian companies produce absorption units with a volume of 30 to 200 liters.
Thermoelectric system
The operation of the device is based on the Peltier effect. Only small-sized models are produced. The main purpose of such refrigerators is high-quality cooling of products during any movements. Eco-friendly mini-unit does not emit refrigerants into the atmosphere, remains effective at low current consumption. Able to continuously work from the car cigarette lighter with the engine turned on. At the time of parking, its battery will discharge after 4 hours. In a home 220 V thermoelectric device can not be connected. It is designed to work from a network of 12 V. Turn it on at home only through the adapter and stabilizer.
Thermoelectric portable refrigerators come in various shapes and designs. The smallest, inexpensive models hold just a few bottles or cans. There are more places in rectangular chests; you can store a supply of provisions for the entire trip. Some car refrigerators have a number of storeys, special containers to delimit the degree of cooling.
Defrost systems
Any refrigerator must be defrosted and cleaned at regular intervals. This is a necessary process, due to which the system is stabilized, ice freezes, harmful microorganisms and unpleasant odors are removed. Such actions significantly extend the life of the equipment.
Modern models of refrigerators are able to automatically eliminate frozen condensate, thanks to special additions. To prevent the formation of ice, they are equipped with the following defrosting systems:
Additional characteristics of refrigerators
You can choose exactly the necessary product for your kitchen from a variety of models according to three main signs - functionality, harmonious combination with the interior, ease of use. Many modern refrigerators are equipped with additional features that improve their performance. It can be a variety of sound signals, antibacterial coating, automatic power control and more.
Some additional features may not be compatible with your particular model. Preferring one modern technology, you have to sacrifice another. For example, compression devices are characterized by high cooling capacity, but they make noise when the motor is running. Silent thermoelectric refrigerators have a high cost, consume a lot of electricity in the fall, but attract buyers by the simplicity of design, low weight.
Economy class
One of the important indicators when choosing a model of a refrigeration unit for the home. It determines the likely energy costs to operate and maintain the necessary functions. The refrigerator is included in the network around the clock. In some brands, energy consumption occurs only at the moment the compressor is turned on, when other devices wind kilowatts continuously. Manufacturers label their products with special symbols according to the energy efficiency index. The following cost-effectiveness classes exist:
Noise level
The volume of the refrigerator during operation should not exceed 53 dB. Noise levels are divided into low - up to 34 dB, medium - up to 44 dB, high - more than 45 dB. Such information is reflected in the passport of the device. For the human ear, this is minor interference, the hearing aid quickly adapts to them. But in any case, a quiet domestic refrigerator is more convenient to operate.
The most distinctive sound effects are created by the compressor. If it comes into contact with adjacent parts, the operation of the motor is supplemented by vibration. Characteristically murmurs refrigerant, moving through the tubes. You can clearly hear how the fan blows the cameras and clicks the relay when changing the mode.
Absolutely noiseless refrigeration equipment cannot work, but you can try to lower its volume yourself. You must install the refrigerator on the most even surface by adjusting the legs or placing a lining under them. It should not come into contact with other household appliances, fit snugly against furniture, with the exception of built-in models. You can also improve the outer part of the chamber by overlaying with special materials that absorb noise.
Climate class
Many additional features attract customers at the time of choosing a refrigerator. Climate control, unfortunately, is not one of them. This important characteristic indicates the possibility of operating the equipment at a certain temperature, humidity.
Warranty service may be provided if the refrigerator has been operated in an environment that is acceptable to its climate class. This indicator is divided into several types:
There is also a T. marking. It is applied to instruments capable of withstanding temperatures of 45 ° C in dry tropical climates. Such refrigerators are practically not supplied to the Russian market. They are replaced by multiclass models that work smoothly in the entire temperature range presented above.
Air distribution system
A useful additional feature allows you to distribute chilled air evenly across all chambers. Special fans bring cool streams to the most inaccessible corners, to closed vegetable drawers and other departments. Models with a forced circulation system can be equipped with beautiful glass shelves and partitions, instead of standard metal grilles. There is no snow layer on the walls of the refrigerators, there is no need for frequent defrosting.
In the refrigerating compartments, single-level and multi-level air flows can be organized. Each manufacturer will improve its system, adapting it as much as possible to the needs of the consumer. Fans can be located on the side, rear wall of the unit and create swirling, direct flows.
Humidity control
The moisture content in the refrigerator is always less than outside. So that in the freezer or any other chamber, the products do not dry out and do not mold, it must be regulated. This function is supplemented by refrigerators with freshness areas. In the chamber, you can set the humidity level suitable for each specific product. For example, 50% will be enough for chilled fish and meat, and vegetables will be better preserved at 95% humidity.
Moisture content may increase due to insufficient fit of the door, frequent use of the compartment for preparing food ice. Constant sputum and smudges negatively affect the quality of products, reduce the efficiency of the unit. The cooling evaporator does not work properly. It often forms ice, which impedes its work. Increased loads significantly reduce the durability of the refrigeration appliance.
Using an electronic humidity controller, you can use any insulated chamber to store a certain group of goods. If the sensor is installed in a common compartment, the products must be placed on different shelves, taking into account changes in temperature in height, respectively, and humidity. If the camera is set to warm mode, the temperature in the upper zone will be +10, in the average +7. At the bottom + 5 degrees.
Super freeze
There was a place for a forced freezing compartment in the freezer. This feature is mainly found in multi-chamber refrigerators. The developers provided many models with a special system that allows them to turn a large volume of products in the compartment into a weekly freeze.
A feature of this function is the constant operation of the compressor when it is triggered. It will not turn off until all the goods loaded into the compartment accept the expected condition. The temperature in the shock freezing chamber drops to -35 degrees. When in an ordinary freezer only -18.
Produce models with automatic and manual super-freeze mode. Thanks to the automation of processes, after some time (from a couple of hours to several days), the mode is turned off. The temperature in the chamber drops to the usual -18 degrees. If there is no such function, intensive freezing can be turned off manually by turning the relay.
Vacation / vacation mode
Leaving the refrigerator in working condition for a long time without food, you can not only get a musty smell, but also spoil the equipment. The vacation / vacation mode will help to avoid such troubles. Many models, starting from the middle price category, are equipped with such a function.To minimize energy consumption, experts give recommendations on setting the temperature not lower than +15 degrees.
In single-compressor refrigerators with one cooling circuit, it is not possible to completely turn off the freezer, while leaving the remaining compartments working. Some units with two compressors immediately support two optimal variants of the “vacation” mode for low-temperature compartments - preservation of the normal operation mode and complete shutdown.
Automatic ice maker
The food ice preparation system is found in high-price models. For this, the unit must have a separate compartment connected to the water supply, the ability to filter. In some models, it is possible to manually pour already purified water into the container.
The ice generator does not freeze water, but distributes it in forms, maintains temperature, and distributes it through a special dispenser. Opening the refrigerator door is not required, the device dispenses water in a liquid, in a portion-frozen state when you press the desired button. The automatic cooling compartment in some units is supplemented by an ice crumb mill. Such refrigerators stand out due to the following factors:
Antibacterial wall coating
The main reason for the appearance of spoiled foods in the refrigerator is the presence of microorganisms. Bacteria and fungi do not die at low temperatures. And just slow down the processes of life. To solve this problem, manufacturers began to cover the walls of some models with an antibacterial coating.A special layer based on silver particles can not only stop the spread of the fungus, but also destroy it completely.
In refrigerators with a good biological climate, foods are stored for longer, a musty smell does not appear. This can be a simple antiseptic deposition of only 100 microns, silver ions processing a special film inside the chambers, a dense ceramic layer with antibacterial particles. Any technology is reliable, copes well with the work - eliminates the development of microorganisms and dangerous infections.
Air filter
An integral addition to all modern refrigerators is a filter that absorbs unpleasant odors. The air purifier is able to neutralize unpleasant odors that come from smoked meats, raw fish, citrus fruits and other products. The essence of the work of special devices is to purify the air at the moment of its passage through the filter element.
The air purification system entering the refrigerator is very popular. It is used by well-known manufacturers: BOSCH, LG, Electrolux. In some premium models, such a device is complemented by a second filter, which destroys fungi, bacteria. The life of the odor-absorbing element is 6 months. Working longer, the filters themselves become distributors of bacteria and odor.
Cold batteries
A simple cold store is used to cool, maintain the required temperature in a portable thermobag or sealed mini-refrigerator. A plastic container with a special substance inside ensures the safety of products during country outings and long trips. Such an accumulator does not accumulate cold, but simply transfers its temperature to drinks, various quickly spoiling foods.
The life of the cooling elements is unlimited, and the principle of operation is very simple. Before use, it must be placed in the freezer and frozen well.Then it is transferred to a cooler bag with already chilled products and hermetically closed. The inner walls of portable simple refrigerators are covered with foil material, which helps to maintain the desired temperature for up to 24 hours. The cold accumulator can be stored in the freezer in a frozen state or chilled in a drawer or on a shelf.
The most important part of the coolers is the internal filler. It is its properties and features that affect the safety of products. Factory cold batteries are of the following types:
Ergonomics of the refrigerator
One of the main kitchen helpers should not only be as functional as possible, but also convenient to use. Properly equipped cameras will facilitate interaction with them, speed up the search for the desired product. You will not forget about a small piece of sausage rolled into the far corner or sliced lemon, if for such residues a special place is allocated on the side door.
Shelves, convenient on height, will allow to store bottles with drinks, packs with juice in vertical position. For round fruits, many refrigerators have inclined containers, while for oblong fruits special rag hammocks are hung. Such accessories in the units are a great way to save space. Drawers allow you to observe the proximity of goods and prevent the mixing of odors.
Shelves
The same type refrigerators from competing manufacturers can be equipped with shelves made of various materials. They can differ not only in the manufacturing method, but also in shape, color, texture and other factors. The size of the internal horizontal partitions depends on the size of the refrigerator. Internal shelves can be of the following types:
Shelves on the doors
Boxes on the side door of the refrigerator are often used for storing everyday products: eggs, sauces, cut vegetables and fruits. In some models, the lower shelf of the door is equipped with a special device for storing round bottles. Products are made of plastic, can be open or closed, transparent and matte.
The door is usually provided with space for 3-5 horizontal removable shelves over its entire width. There are units with scattered shelves-balconies of small size.The surface of the inner side of the door in some models is equipped with additional holders to change the location of products. Next to such devices may be a minibar - a cut-in window with a separate door or a reservoir for chilled liquids - a recess with a dispenser.
Containers
For high-quality and convenient storage of products, many models have special boxes. There are vegetable containers in everyone, even in the simplest refrigerator. They are placed in the opposite part of the freezer, have a molded shape. The material of manufacture is plastic. They can be transparent and opaque, with or without a separate lid. For open containers, a special glass lining is provided that preserves the moisture content at any temperature in the refrigerator. A pair of identical drawers easily extends without touching the upper shelves.
In some models, retractable containers replace conventional shelves. Storage boxes for large containers are provided. They are equipped with special holders to prevent goods from rolling in round containers. Delicate berries are stored in closed boxes with a special rough bottom, so that they do not slide and stick together.
Freezer drawers
Most budget refrigerators do not have drawers in the freezer. The spacious compartment is simply divided into zones by several shelves. But if the manufacturer has provided for the presence of containers, the advanced function must be used to the maximum. Thanks to such a container with a tight-fitting panel, the products are stored longer. Freezers can be equipped with several types of drawers:
In refrigerators with a large freezer located near the floor, wide drawers are used. Collapsible structures are very easy to maintain. If a part of a plastic product breaks, you can easily find a replacement at the manufacturer’s service center.One-piece containers are made of high-strength material, well adapted to extremely low temperatures.
Lighting
Due to the design and seals of the door, the walls of the refrigerator do not allow light, heat rays. This technique has its own lighting provided by the manufacturer. More often, lamps and light modules are located on the side wall. This type of accommodation is very convenient. Light appears automatically when the door is opened. The glow of the light bulb on the back wall covers the entire camera, it is not blocked by products. Lamps can be mounted on the top panel or visor. These are the most unfortunate options. The light does not reach the lower shelves.
Different brands of refrigerators can be equipped with different types of lighting. The quality of light depends on the selected system and the bulb itself. You can meet the following illumination:
Pens
A refrigerator is a commonly used household appliance. His pens are taken daily and many times by all family members. Of great importance is their location on the outside of the door. They should be at a comfortable height for all. The upper doors of large multi-chamber refrigerators should have recesses in the panel at the top and bottom.
The handle of the refrigerator has a high functional, decorative value.Models with simple notches quickly lose their attractiveness as dirt accumulates in the recesses. Due to the design features of such parts, it is difficult to wash them. The most convenient option is a vertical, horizontal handle, similar to a door handle. It can be small in size, sufficient for the passage of the hand, or long in full width, the length of the refrigerator chamber. There are models with a diagonal arrangement of handles.
Door
Refrigerators are single-door and multi-door. The first option is considered standard and is implemented in most models. Units with a blind door are easy to operate, consume less electricity during operation than analogues of the same volume with several doors. The possibility of cold leakage through the doorway is reduced.
Multi-door refrigerators with swing doors (Side by Side) are in great demand. Large units can be freestanding and built-in. They will look good only in a large, spacious kitchen. An interesting option is a transparent door. Doors of a showcase type look very beautiful. But such models are rarely purchased for everyday use, because they require regular care. The condition of the glass surface must be carefully monitored. Practical and convenient unit - “door to door” from LG.
Design and equipment of modern refrigerators
A refrigerator is part of the kitchen interior. It should be not only functional and equipped with useful additions for the owners, but also have a nice color, the correct, convenient shape. Manufacturers offer customers the most diverse in appearance, style of design models. Most often, white refrigerators are found, with a standard streamlined shape.
In a sufficient assortment on sale, you can see units with sharp corners, narrow and elongated, or vice versa, low and wide. They can be of various shades.Popular colors: gray, metallic, gold. Many refrigerator manufacturers decorate the doors of devices with graphics, geometric patterns, colors, and even Swarovski crystals.
Each manufacturer annually expands its product line, equipping refrigerators with new, useful features. In modern units, the following additions are often found:
Built-in refrigerators
The main feature of this unit is a complete merger with kitchen furniture, saving space. This type of placement of the refrigerator is suitable for both spacious and miniature kitchens. Before choosing a model, it is necessary to take measurements of the opening for the refrigerator, taking into account the depth. A unit that goes beyond the general line of a kitchen set can ruin the whole picture.
The built-in fridge in the small kitchen will save precious space. It works almost without noise, as the sound is absorbed by the kitchen cabinet around the device. A model hidden in a niche can be of any color. An inconspicuous unit will not violate the design direction. Universal equipment suitable for offices, bars, hotels. Among the shortcomings can be noted the complexity of installation, high cost, a small assortment of styles and models.
How to integrate the refrigerator yourself
To integrate the refrigerator into the kitchen, no special skills are required. You will need a minimum set of tools, attentiveness and physical strength. The work will take place in several stages. First of all, you need to decide on the place and method of connecting to the network. Then you should free up space for work. Furniture items, household appliances should not interfere. If necessary, the kitchen wall modules are dismantled. Low models can be covered with a countertop. For large-sized refrigerators, a decorative baseboard is used.
Not every family can afford the purchase of an expensively built-in refrigerator. The design of the room will not deteriorate if for this purpose you use the most ordinary free-standing refrigerator. Save space in the kitchen this way will not work. Therefore, we need to think several times about the appropriateness of such a step before starting work. If the need to integrate the unit is confirmed, the first thing to do is to design a box that matches the color and design with the furniture in the kitchen. We install the finished product in the chosen place, put the refrigerator inside and make the door.
Conclusion
Each person has his own requirements for modern technology in the ratio of price - quality. Before buying a refrigerator, you need to evaluate its work and think about the need for additional functions.From the list of the most popular models from well-known brands, you can choose both expensive design equipment of the right size, and a simple white assistant of standard size.