Installation of the roof is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen basic and more than a hundred other subtypes of roofs. House configuration often limits the owner in choosing. However, if possible, it is worth paying attention to the issue of visual design of the roof. An unusual roof can decorate a country house, cottage or cottage. In order to draw up a project of the supporting structure, it is necessary to involve professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with the task of any complexity. All decisions must be rational. It is necessary to meet the budget, take into account climatic features, think about the role of the attic, take care of reliability and appearance. For the roof, such characteristics as tightness, strength, stability and functionality are important.
Classification and execution options of roofs of private houses
Before making a choice among a variety of materials and forms of execution, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the nuances of the roof structure and their functional features. Among the main criteria forming the classification of roofs are the type and general design pattern, slope, and finishing materials. The roof is attic and unholy, flat and pitched. Flat roofs do not differ in variety, but the second type is divided into many subtypes, such as conical, domed, hipped, mansard, multi-gable, hip, gable and single-pitch. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them must be studied in detail. First of all, they take into account durability, cost and operational characteristics. A large number of houses with beautiful designer roofs are built annually in the world, so it’s worth using imagination in the design process.
When developing a roof scheme for a building of complex geometry, it is necessary to distinguish the main and adjacent parts of the roof.
Single slope
The roof of a private house with one slope in appearance looks very simple. This type of construction is rarely used, but it can be seen on simple country houses. The disadvantage of this layout is the one-sided type of drainage - it accounts for a much greater load than the bilateral or other types. The appearance of the roof with a one-sided inclination is not the most presentable. Such a design can be considered the best solution when arranging various small outbuildings.This is how garages and guest houses are finished. Those who want to install such a roof should think about a system of low tide water. The main criterion is its bandwidth. With snow masses, this design handles very well. A pitched roof is appropriate in cold climates, as well as in those regions where there is not much rainfall.
Gable
This type of roof can have:
Hanging or inclined rafters.
Different eaves overhangs.
Uneven tilt angles.
The gable roof structure consists of load-bearing beams and roofing material attached to the crate. The rafter system, as a rule, is made of bars connected by metal parts. The top of the roof forms a ridge. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some edge. One of the subspecies of the gable roof is mixed. The design of such a roof looks original, but the design has a significant minus - the attic space is used irrationally. A sloping roof not only eliminates such a problem, but is also built specifically for the attic. The folds of the ramps create additional space for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken gable roof. The symmetrical design follows the shape of an isosceles triangle.
Attic
This type of roof does not apply to gable roofs directly, since it can also be console or broken. The main feature is the division of the ramp into a gentle (upper) and steep parts (located below). The usual gable roof attic has rectangular rafters lying parallel. The steep part of the slope copes with the load in the form of snow. The attic roof can also be broken. A characteristic feature of the latter is a presentable appearance. Bends are made outward or inward.They are often combined: a roof of an unusual shape with many internal and external fractures is obtained. The cantilever attic roof combines the features of a gable and broken. Its parts can protrude several meters beyond the walls of the building, creating a lot of space inside. There are also mixed attic structures. This type includes the characteristics of the previous three and additional features.
Hip
Another common type of roof. The hip roof is composed of four slopes. End (they are called hips) have a triangular appearance. They occupy the space from the end of the ridge to the eaves. The other two slopes are trapezoidal. Practicality is provided by a feature of the structure. This primarily concerns the removal of precipitation. But the execution technology is much more complicated. To build it will require a team of experienced builders. One of the minuses is that there will be no gables at the attic level, and more dormer windows will be required to improve lighting. This will add complexity to the design process, including in calculating the pitch of the rafter system. Despite the fact that this design copes with rainfall, it is often used in dry tropical areas.
The hip roof is useful if you need to finish:
house with a veranda;
oblong building;
L-shaped house.
Half hip
The roof of this type includes the features of the classic gable and hip. There are no sharp corners in the design, and one of its main functions is protection against strong winds. In regions with a snowy winter, such roofs are made with small canopies and steeper slopes. If there is no heavy snowfall at the location of the house, then the canopies should be large and the slopes should be relatively gentle. A typical four-sloped half-hip roof has a cut end slope. The free space is covered with a window (including a solid one) or a wall.However, a half-hip roof can combine gable elements. There are still four surface elements in this case. Unlike the previous version, the side slopes are deprived of the lower part, and the front ones are remotely resembling a trapezoid, but with six angles. With this design, you get a larger attic.
Hipped
This is a four-pitched roof, consisting of the same triangular sections. They should be isosceles. The slopes are connected exactly in the center. Due to the strict geometry, such a coating is not suitable for all houses. The name comes from the word "tent" - a rectangular mobile housing. The hipped roof is also called pyramidal. It can be installed on houses with a base in the form of a square or a regular quadrangle (not in all cases). Overhangs of such a roof are at the same height. Despite the simple appearance, the installation of this type of roof is difficult in technical terms. The advantages of a hipped roof are its ability to quickly heat up and resistance to strong winds. The main drawback is the presence of many joints in the rafter structure, which makes the erection process more complex and lengthy.
Other cons:
Significant waste of roofing materials.
A small amount of space under the attic.
Cost
Pliers
It is characterized by a large variability of execution, based on the number, shape, location and size of the gables (forceps). Its hollow corners require a very careful, neat and accurate finish. On the multi-gable roof there is a large number of valleys at the junction of the slopes. It is being erected at facilities with a complex layout, unusual architectural forms, two-story attic compartments and attics. Precipitation and melt water will descend along the valleys. Snow usually accumulates there, so they should be made durable and as airtight as possible.An increase in bearing capacity can turn valleys from the most vulnerable elements of the roof structure to the most functional. One of the main advantages of a multi-gable roof is the balance of the rafter system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.
Vaulted
This is the name of the roof of a round, hemispherical or cylindrical shape. The arch is usually made of stone or brick. Special rafter systems will be required, since in the decoration of a curved arch, standard ones will be unsuitable. As the material of the supporting structures, both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames from glued beams are used. A special order will be required. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes trellised trusses with a complex pattern are used. This will affect the final price. Design and installation cost much more than roofs with straight shapes. For this reason, a cylindrical roof is not widely used. For finishing, they buy roll materials made of polymer bitumen, folded metal coating; in some cases, a flexible tile is suitable.
Despite the fact that the installation of a vaulted roof is much more expensive, the consumption of materials can be small.
Tambourine
The roof is made of four diamond-shaped slopes, brought together at one point in the center. Suitable for square buildings. The diamond-shaped roof is mounted in small cottages, country houses. If desired, you can make a large high attic. The tambourine roof is most often seen on one-story buildings. The most common subspecies of a tambourine roof is the roof of Sudeikin. Its construction consists of four triangular slopes (hips) in the upper half and the same number of adjoining triangular slopes, directed downward. Such a building will have four tongs.As a rafter system, a special design of bars in the form of an octagonal dome is used. The classical diamond-shaped roof of G. Sudeikin provides for the presence of a central bearing pillar. However, you can mount the roof without it.
How to choose a roof slope
For the subsequent placement of decorating elements (original dormers and chimneys, unusual gables), roofs with a large slope are installed, almost vertical in some places. This configuration can be used to equip a full floor with many design solutions. A small slope better protects against wind, since the contact area will be larger. However, this does not apply to roofs with a very small slope. Rain water and snow from a low roof come off more slowly, this can lead to leakage. A coating with a slight slope requires more careful care. There is no need to clean slopes with an inclination angle of 45 ° and above. A roof with a large slope (from 45 °) is considered "self-cleaning." A relatively flat roof is the most economical option, but there will be little space in the attic. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls of the last floor at the design stage.
The constituent elements of the roof structure
The roof includes various elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces having a certain slope. These are several independent components that are adjacent to each other, less often - one. A skate is called the upper line parallel to the horizon, where several slopes are connected. The same name may have ridge tiles and ridge planks. On many roofs there is such an element as a valley. This is the inner corner at the junction of two slopes. Endova - the main node in the roof device. Overhangs are of two types. Eaves - located on the side of the roof surface, protruding beyond the walls of the building; gable - part of the roof hanging over the gable (pediment) of the building.Both options can have a strict rectilinear shape or be performed in an original manner. The basis for the erection of the roof is the rafter system - the supporting structure of rafters, struts, struts and crossbars.
Forms of the slipway system
Truss structures are equipped in different ways. The single-slope configuration provides for the presence of two rows of racks or walls as a support for rafter legs. One wall should be higher. The gable structure has a bearing function on roofs consisting of two rectangular pitched surfaces. In the vast majority of cases, the legs of such a system abut against two identical supporting walls of the box of the house. Hip designed for four pitched surfaces. Rafters create two trapezoidal and as many triangular bases. They rely on long and end walls, respectively. The hipped roof system is supported by the same walls. Broken (attic) rafter structures are installed in a similar manner, as is the case with gable systems, but the rafter legs are placed in two tiers.
The rafter system may include such elements:
scrum;
ridge knot;
run;
a rack;
Mauerlat;
struts;
sill.
Rafter system
This design has a strong support under the lower and upper heels. Production and installation takes place in a similar way, as is the case with a pitched roof. Erect layered systems above the boxes with an internal supporting wall. It is necessary as a supporting structure for the ridge run. The function of the wall can be performed by rows of columns or racks. In a simple layered design with a five-meter span, the upper parts of the rafters rest on the girder. Lodging plays the role of a support for the run itself. The structural strength is provided by struts. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and contractions. The latter provide structural stability.Inclined system can use one of two types of support. With one of them, a turn is possible and there are two degrees of freedom. The second option provides only one degree of freedom.
Hanging rafter system
This type of construction has only a lower support. Tops support each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, because of which there is no need for a Mauerlat. Its role is performed by a puff (base). It is used in order to compensate for the roof spacing from the mass of the system, the cover and the snow that will be on it. The hanging configuration is applicable for small boxes without a supporting element for a ridge run. If you need to finish a large span, then the design is equipped with screeds, struts and headstock. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to cover a distance of up to 15 meters. Rafters of a hanging system allow to avoid horizontal loads. They create tension that cannot be transferred to the walls of the building. The top of the rafters can be fixed butt or laid on the run.
The choice of roofing depending on the slope
Flat roofs are covered with multilayer roll materials, bitumen. If the slope is more than 5 °, then in the finish you can use three-layer rolled materials that do not have protection. It is recommended to apply bituminous waterproofing with a coarse-grained layer if the slope is more than 10 °. With a slope of more than 15 °, roofing sheets of a wave form are laid. Execution materials can be bitulin, ondulin, euro slate, asbestos cement slate. Clay grooved tiles are used for slopes of 20 °. Galvanized steel, copper, metal tiles, metal profiles and sheet steel are laid at an angle of inclination greater than 30 °. Folded steel is used with a slope of 18 ° to 25 °, sometimes from 8 °. Slate and asbestos-cement tiles, as well as natural tiling, are appropriate if the roof is steep (from 50 °).When decorating roofs inclined at an angle of 80 °, wood chips and shingles (spindle) are used.
Features of attic roofs
Attic can vary significantly in configuration. One of the principal features of the attic roof is the presence of bends to the outside, but there are also internal kinks. A sloping roof can be seen on small buildings. This is a complicated version of a gable roof with a decorative purpose. The shed roof should ideally be tilted at an angle of 40 °. A slope is made on the leeward side of the building. Attic under a simple symmetrical roof usually have a fairly large "blind" area near the joints of the roof with the walls. The recommended roof pitch is 45 °. A good solution is to create an attic floor with asymmetric slopes. They can accommodate tall objects. The main problem is the complexity of the calculations in the design. Tent mansard roofs need to be done with a large angle of inclination. In the center of the attic there will be plenty of space for storing tall bulky items.
In regions where there is a gale-force wind, it is better to place a pitched roof on the windward side, and to support the supporting structure with diagonal ligaments.
Warming and waterproofing
The choice of material for waterproofing depends on climatic conditions. The most commonly used roofing material. This is a very strong material. Its advantage is a long service life. Recently, the use of a waterproofing film to protect roof layers from water with the possibility of its evaporation has become popular. Thermal insulation is carried out due to the internal decoration of the space between the legs of the rafter structure. This is done before the final facing of the room. As the insulating material choose fiberglass, glass or mineral wool. Glass wool is produced in the form of plates and rolls. It is recommended to choose plates.They are more durable, since they are less deformed, and their thermal insulation properties are approximately the same. In addition, foam insulation can be used to insulate the roof.
Parameters of insulation materials:
breathability;
compressibility;
vapor permeability;
compressive strength;
density;
thermal conductivity.
Design and color solutions for roofs
Over the past 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This implementation allows you to shift the emphasis on the main part of the building. Flat-roofed houses can have an unusual and geometrically complex shape in the spirit of such modern styles as minimalism, biotech, hi-tech and avant-garde. The pitched roof is more diverse. Inclined roofs are appropriate in all kinds of design projects of buildings. The pitched roof looks beautiful with transparent walls. A multi-gable roof can be decorated in a unique French style or in the manner of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. The roof is made darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed colors. The original shape of the roof looks best in blue, bluish, black and gray.
Conclusion
The installation process of the roof begins with the design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated, all wishes are taken into account. Much depends on the frame structure. The best option for the placement and size of the skylights is determined before the start of its construction. After installing the rafter system, the main part of the work begins. A structure corresponding to its configuration will be coated. Roofing must be performed with the use of resistant and durable materials. The main criteria for their selection are indicators such as slope of slopes, the windiness of the territory, the amount and type of rainfall in the region. Over the past few decades, many high-quality functional materials for decoration have appeared.After the completion of the external arrangement of the roof, one should take up the choice of insulation, hydro and vapor barrier.
Installation of the roof is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen basic and more than a hundred other subtypes of roofs. House configuration often limits the owner in choosing. However, if possible, it is worth paying attention to the issue of visual design of the roof. An unusual roof can decorate a country house, cottage or cottage. In order to draw up a project of the supporting structure, it is necessary to involve professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with the task of any complexity. All decisions must be rational. It is necessary to meet the budget, take into account climatic features, think about the role of the attic, take care of reliability and appearance. For the roof, such characteristics as tightness, strength, stability and functionality are important.
Content
Classification and execution options of roofs of private houses
Before making a choice among a variety of materials and forms of execution, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the nuances of the roof structure and their functional features. Among the main criteria forming the classification of roofs are the type and general design pattern, slope, and finishing materials. The roof is attic and unholy, flat and pitched. Flat roofs do not differ in variety, but the second type is divided into many subtypes, such as conical, domed, hipped, mansard, multi-gable, hip, gable and single-pitch. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them must be studied in detail. First of all, they take into account durability, cost and operational characteristics. A large number of houses with beautiful designer roofs are built annually in the world, so it’s worth using imagination in the design process.
Single slope
The roof of a private house with one slope in appearance looks very simple. This type of construction is rarely used, but it can be seen on simple country houses. The disadvantage of this layout is the one-sided type of drainage - it accounts for a much greater load than the bilateral or other types. The appearance of the roof with a one-sided inclination is not the most presentable. Such a design can be considered the best solution when arranging various small outbuildings.This is how garages and guest houses are finished. Those who want to install such a roof should think about a system of low tide water. The main criterion is its bandwidth. With snow masses, this design handles very well. A pitched roof is appropriate in cold climates, as well as in those regions where there is not much rainfall.
Gable
This type of roof can have:
The gable roof structure consists of load-bearing beams and roofing material attached to the crate. The rafter system, as a rule, is made of bars connected by metal parts. The top of the roof forms a ridge. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some edge. One of the subspecies of the gable roof is mixed. The design of such a roof looks original, but the design has a significant minus - the attic space is used irrationally. A sloping roof not only eliminates such a problem, but is also built specifically for the attic. The folds of the ramps create additional space for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken gable roof. The symmetrical design follows the shape of an isosceles triangle.
Attic
This type of roof does not apply to gable roofs directly, since it can also be console or broken. The main feature is the division of the ramp into a gentle (upper) and steep parts (located below). The usual gable roof attic has rectangular rafters lying parallel. The steep part of the slope copes with the load in the form of snow. The attic roof can also be broken. A characteristic feature of the latter is a presentable appearance. Bends are made outward or inward.They are often combined: a roof of an unusual shape with many internal and external fractures is obtained. The cantilever attic roof combines the features of a gable and broken. Its parts can protrude several meters beyond the walls of the building, creating a lot of space inside. There are also mixed attic structures. This type includes the characteristics of the previous three and additional features.
Hip
Another common type of roof. The hip roof is composed of four slopes. End (they are called hips) have a triangular appearance. They occupy the space from the end of the ridge to the eaves. The other two slopes are trapezoidal. Practicality is provided by a feature of the structure. This primarily concerns the removal of precipitation. But the execution technology is much more complicated. To build it will require a team of experienced builders. One of the minuses is that there will be no gables at the attic level, and more dormer windows will be required to improve lighting. This will add complexity to the design process, including in calculating the pitch of the rafter system. Despite the fact that this design copes with rainfall, it is often used in dry tropical areas.
The hip roof is useful if you need to finish:
Half hip
The roof of this type includes the features of the classic gable and hip. There are no sharp corners in the design, and one of its main functions is protection against strong winds. In regions with a snowy winter, such roofs are made with small canopies and steeper slopes. If there is no heavy snowfall at the location of the house, then the canopies should be large and the slopes should be relatively gentle. A typical four-sloped half-hip roof has a cut end slope. The free space is covered with a window (including a solid one) or a wall.However, a half-hip roof can combine gable elements. There are still four surface elements in this case. Unlike the previous version, the side slopes are deprived of the lower part, and the front ones are remotely resembling a trapezoid, but with six angles. With this design, you get a larger attic.
Hipped
This is a four-pitched roof, consisting of the same triangular sections. They should be isosceles. The slopes are connected exactly in the center. Due to the strict geometry, such a coating is not suitable for all houses. The name comes from the word "tent" - a rectangular mobile housing. The hipped roof is also called pyramidal. It can be installed on houses with a base in the form of a square or a regular quadrangle (not in all cases). Overhangs of such a roof are at the same height. Despite the simple appearance, the installation of this type of roof is difficult in technical terms. The advantages of a hipped roof are its ability to quickly heat up and resistance to strong winds. The main drawback is the presence of many joints in the rafter structure, which makes the erection process more complex and lengthy.
Other cons:
Pliers
It is characterized by a large variability of execution, based on the number, shape, location and size of the gables (forceps). Its hollow corners require a very careful, neat and accurate finish. On the multi-gable roof there is a large number of valleys at the junction of the slopes. It is being erected at facilities with a complex layout, unusual architectural forms, two-story attic compartments and attics. Precipitation and melt water will descend along the valleys. Snow usually accumulates there, so they should be made durable and as airtight as possible.An increase in bearing capacity can turn valleys from the most vulnerable elements of the roof structure to the most functional. One of the main advantages of a multi-gable roof is the balance of the rafter system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.
Vaulted
This is the name of the roof of a round, hemispherical or cylindrical shape. The arch is usually made of stone or brick. Special rafter systems will be required, since in the decoration of a curved arch, standard ones will be unsuitable. As the material of the supporting structures, both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames from glued beams are used. A special order will be required. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes trellised trusses with a complex pattern are used. This will affect the final price. Design and installation cost much more than roofs with straight shapes. For this reason, a cylindrical roof is not widely used. For finishing, they buy roll materials made of polymer bitumen, folded metal coating; in some cases, a flexible tile is suitable.
Tambourine
The roof is made of four diamond-shaped slopes, brought together at one point in the center. Suitable for square buildings. The diamond-shaped roof is mounted in small cottages, country houses. If desired, you can make a large high attic. The tambourine roof is most often seen on one-story buildings. The most common subspecies of a tambourine roof is the roof of Sudeikin. Its construction consists of four triangular slopes (hips) in the upper half and the same number of adjoining triangular slopes, directed downward. Such a building will have four tongs.As a rafter system, a special design of bars in the form of an octagonal dome is used. The classical diamond-shaped roof of G. Sudeikin provides for the presence of a central bearing pillar. However, you can mount the roof without it.
How to choose a roof slope
For the subsequent placement of decorating elements (original dormers and chimneys, unusual gables), roofs with a large slope are installed, almost vertical in some places. This configuration can be used to equip a full floor with many design solutions. A small slope better protects against wind, since the contact area will be larger. However, this does not apply to roofs with a very small slope. Rain water and snow from a low roof come off more slowly, this can lead to leakage. A coating with a slight slope requires more careful care. There is no need to clean slopes with an inclination angle of 45 ° and above. A roof with a large slope (from 45 °) is considered "self-cleaning." A relatively flat roof is the most economical option, but there will be little space in the attic. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls of the last floor at the design stage.
The constituent elements of the roof structure
The roof includes various elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces having a certain slope. These are several independent components that are adjacent to each other, less often - one. A skate is called the upper line parallel to the horizon, where several slopes are connected. The same name may have ridge tiles and ridge planks. On many roofs there is such an element as a valley. This is the inner corner at the junction of two slopes. Endova - the main node in the roof device. Overhangs are of two types. Eaves - located on the side of the roof surface, protruding beyond the walls of the building; gable - part of the roof hanging over the gable (pediment) of the building.Both options can have a strict rectilinear shape or be performed in an original manner. The basis for the erection of the roof is the rafter system - the supporting structure of rafters, struts, struts and crossbars.
Forms of the slipway system
Truss structures are equipped in different ways. The single-slope configuration provides for the presence of two rows of racks or walls as a support for rafter legs. One wall should be higher. The gable structure has a bearing function on roofs consisting of two rectangular pitched surfaces. In the vast majority of cases, the legs of such a system abut against two identical supporting walls of the box of the house. Hip designed for four pitched surfaces. Rafters create two trapezoidal and as many triangular bases. They rely on long and end walls, respectively. The hipped roof system is supported by the same walls. Broken (attic) rafter structures are installed in a similar manner, as is the case with gable systems, but the rafter legs are placed in two tiers.
The rafter system may include such elements:
Rafter system
This design has a strong support under the lower and upper heels. Production and installation takes place in a similar way, as is the case with a pitched roof. Erect layered systems above the boxes with an internal supporting wall. It is necessary as a supporting structure for the ridge run. The function of the wall can be performed by rows of columns or racks. In a simple layered design with a five-meter span, the upper parts of the rafters rest on the girder. Lodging plays the role of a support for the run itself. The structural strength is provided by struts. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and contractions. The latter provide structural stability.Inclined system can use one of two types of support. With one of them, a turn is possible and there are two degrees of freedom. The second option provides only one degree of freedom.
Hanging rafter system
This type of construction has only a lower support. Tops support each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, because of which there is no need for a Mauerlat. Its role is performed by a puff (base). It is used in order to compensate for the roof spacing from the mass of the system, the cover and the snow that will be on it. The hanging configuration is applicable for small boxes without a supporting element for a ridge run. If you need to finish a large span, then the design is equipped with screeds, struts and headstock. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to cover a distance of up to 15 meters. Rafters of a hanging system allow to avoid horizontal loads. They create tension that cannot be transferred to the walls of the building. The top of the rafters can be fixed butt or laid on the run.
The choice of roofing depending on the slope
Flat roofs are covered with multilayer roll materials, bitumen. If the slope is more than 5 °, then in the finish you can use three-layer rolled materials that do not have protection. It is recommended to apply bituminous waterproofing with a coarse-grained layer if the slope is more than 10 °. With a slope of more than 15 °, roofing sheets of a wave form are laid. Execution materials can be bitulin, ondulin, euro slate, asbestos cement slate. Clay grooved tiles are used for slopes of 20 °. Galvanized steel, copper, metal tiles, metal profiles and sheet steel are laid at an angle of inclination greater than 30 °. Folded steel is used with a slope of 18 ° to 25 °, sometimes from 8 °. Slate and asbestos-cement tiles, as well as natural tiling, are appropriate if the roof is steep (from 50 °).When decorating roofs inclined at an angle of 80 °, wood chips and shingles (spindle) are used.
Features of attic roofs
Attic can vary significantly in configuration. One of the principal features of the attic roof is the presence of bends to the outside, but there are also internal kinks. A sloping roof can be seen on small buildings. This is a complicated version of a gable roof with a decorative purpose. The shed roof should ideally be tilted at an angle of 40 °. A slope is made on the leeward side of the building. Attic under a simple symmetrical roof usually have a fairly large "blind" area near the joints of the roof with the walls. The recommended roof pitch is 45 °. A good solution is to create an attic floor with asymmetric slopes. They can accommodate tall objects. The main problem is the complexity of the calculations in the design. Tent mansard roofs need to be done with a large angle of inclination. In the center of the attic there will be plenty of space for storing tall bulky items.
Warming and waterproofing
The choice of material for waterproofing depends on climatic conditions. The most commonly used roofing material. This is a very strong material. Its advantage is a long service life. Recently, the use of a waterproofing film to protect roof layers from water with the possibility of its evaporation has become popular. Thermal insulation is carried out due to the internal decoration of the space between the legs of the rafter structure. This is done before the final facing of the room. As the insulating material choose fiberglass, glass or mineral wool. Glass wool is produced in the form of plates and rolls. It is recommended to choose plates.They are more durable, since they are less deformed, and their thermal insulation properties are approximately the same. In addition, foam insulation can be used to insulate the roof.
Parameters of insulation materials:
Design and color solutions for roofs
Over the past 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This implementation allows you to shift the emphasis on the main part of the building. Flat-roofed houses can have an unusual and geometrically complex shape in the spirit of such modern styles as minimalism, biotech, hi-tech and avant-garde. The pitched roof is more diverse. Inclined roofs are appropriate in all kinds of design projects of buildings. The pitched roof looks beautiful with transparent walls. A multi-gable roof can be decorated in a unique French style or in the manner of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. The roof is made darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed colors. The original shape of the roof looks best in blue, bluish, black and gray.
Conclusion
The installation process of the roof begins with the design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated, all wishes are taken into account. Much depends on the frame structure. The best option for the placement and size of the skylights is determined before the start of its construction. After installing the rafter system, the main part of the work begins. A structure corresponding to its configuration will be coated. Roofing must be performed with the use of resistant and durable materials. The main criteria for their selection are indicators such as slope of slopes, the windiness of the territory, the amount and type of rainfall in the region. Over the past few decades, many high-quality functional materials for decoration have appeared.After the completion of the external arrangement of the roof, one should take up the choice of insulation, hydro and vapor barrier.