Decorative putty: types and methods of application
A wide range of building materials allows you to get a truly unique design of the room. Decorative putty is one of the most popular types of decor. Ease of care, aesthetic appearance, environmental safety have made it a worthy alternative to wallpaper, ceramics, painting or other types of wall decoration. They use the finish not only as a self-sufficient material for decorating walls, but also as a textured base for painting.
You can decorate the surface in different ways.For example, using ordinary plaster, you can level the wall to a perfectly even state. Adding special compositions allows you to achieve the effect of relief, to obtain a glossy surface or to imitate various natural materials: ornamental stone, fabric, leather of exotic animals, concrete surface, sculpting - depending on the chosen design style.
Depending on the binder used, these types of plasters are distinguished.
Acrylic
The binder is acrylic resin, a high molecular weight polymer compound. Due to the polymer component, the applied layer is very elastic. The presence of mineral and organic pigments provides various shade variations. Acrylic putties in the form of ready-to-use mixtures are sold. The disadvantage of acrylic is that the decorated surface does not "breathe", the vapor permeability of the material is extremely low. In addition, the surface is sensitive to sunlight; over time, it begins to crack. Special pigment pastes help paint surfaces in different colors.
Mineral
In mineral mixtures, cement is a binder. Such mixtures are sold in dry form, they are diluted with water. Mineral compounds are best suited for outdoor applications and for damp rooms (such as bathrooms). This is an environmentally friendly option, resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Over time, the coating becomes only stronger. But he also has a drawback: the plaster is unstable to mechanical stress. For cleaning, it is undesirable to use devices that supply a detergent composition under pressure. The standard shade range is light.
Silicate
Liquid glass (a mixture of silica sand, potassium hydroxide and alkaline potassium carbonate) is used here as a bonding element. The surface is very durable, unattractive for fungus and mold, as well as with a water-repellent effect. The finished mixture simultaneously has astringent, impregnating and adhesive properties. Refractoriness and vapor permeability are also on top.Such a coating is sold in the form of a finished composition of different colors. This is the most reliable option of those listed, with a lifespan of half a century or more. Use silicate compositions in the design of the facades of houses in a humid climate.
By type of filler, 3 types of putty are distinguished:
Venetian.
Textured.
Structural.
The last two types of putty form a relief surface. As for the Venetian plasters, they are perfectly even. All of these types of decorative materials for walls are made from reliable, durable and environmentally friendly components.
Textured
This putty has a coarse structure. As a filler, flax fiber, mica, wood, mineral (granite, marble) chips, small stones are used. Scope - decorative decoration of plastered, wooden, concrete surfaces, as well as bricks. The decor is equally suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Large particles can hide surface irregularities. For drawing there is no need for preliminary preparation of walls. The preparatory work consists in drying, removing the exfoliated coating, as well as applying an adhesive composition, for better adhesion of the coating to the wall.
Textures can be different: imitation of leather, textile, wood or natural stone. This is the most diverse type of decorative putty. Its important advantage is its low cost. Plaster is sold in an already prepared form or as a dry mixture. It is undesirable to putty when outdoor work in the rain or at an air temperature of less than 7 degrees. One of the main advantages is ease of application. Even with the independent design of the walls, a huge number of options is possible.
There are such subspecies of textured surfaces:
The lamb is a fine-grained texture of putty mortar from stone grains.
Fur coat - a mixture based on cement.The surface is rough, with a nap effect.
Bark beetle. The surface resembles wood damaged by the same pest, and has a kind of furrowed texture. Looks great with rattan or wood furniture.
Structural
This is a thin layer material based on acrylic or silicate composition. The structure-forming substance is quartz or marble chips. It is applied to internal and front works. Depending on the structure-forming components, the surface can be perfectly flat or medium-grained. Structural mixtures are great for decorating drywall partitions in the interior, as well as for most mineral surfaces. This material should not be used for outdoor applications and in wet areas. The methods for applying the decoration are different: with a spatula, roller or spray.
Venetian
This is a multilayer interior coating with the addition of hydrated lime and fine marble chips. This is one of the oldest types of decoration, which was widely used in ancient Rome. Marble wastes were brought into business. The result was a mirror-smooth, unusually beautiful surface that resembled onyx or natural marble in appearance. The cost of the material is high, the application technology is not easy, but the result is worth it.
Suitable styles are classic, antique or baroque. Using tinting, you can get different shades, including a pearl shade or imitation of precious metal. The “Venetian” looks beautiful also and as a basis for painting, paintings and panels (for example, the popular drawing “butterfly”, “shell” or the use of plant motifs).
The smooth surface is equally well suited for spacious and small spaces, with a limited number of square meters. The room will seem more spacious. And in a large apartment you get a truly palace interior.
Advantages of the decorative mixture
Like all building materials, decorative putties have their strengths and weaknesses. The benefits include:
Practicality, long service life. If you correctly apply the materials to the wall and follow the rules of use, the coating will last you a very long time. In addition, most modern materials are resistant to mechanical stress.
Repair wall defects. The use of textured material helps to hide the unevenness of the walls. The best option in this regard is a mixture with a cellulosic filler.
Universality - a possibility of use for different types of surfaces.
Resistance to external factors.
Environmental Safety. The wall covering does not contain toxic substances, does not have unpleasant odors, does not absorb harmful components contained in the air. Most modern coatings “breathe” due to the porous structure. Putty is also good sound insulation.
Many design options. You can decorate the walls according to your taste.
Of the minuses, one can note the high cost, the complexity of the application and dismantling.
The choice of putty
When choosing putties, the following criteria are taken into account:
Characteristics and purpose of the room.
Surface specificity.
"The price of the issue." This is true if financial opportunities are limited.
An important point is the type of filler. In essence, it determines what the owner will see on the walls when repairs are completed. The greater the granularity of the filler, the more relief the pattern is obtained. This or that decorative effect also depends on the application method. Not every type of material is suitable for a particular technology.
Tools and application rules
Mixtures for plastering surfaces are sold in different forms. It can be a dry mix. An aqueous solution of the mixture must be developed so that it does not lose its qualities.It is much more convenient to purchase a putty ready for use, which retains its properties for a long time. For self-application, decorative textured plaster is especially convenient. Experts say that in order to spoil such a coating, one must try very hard. In addition, there is no need for too thorough preparation of the walls. The texture mixture during putty itself perfectly smooths out defects.
Before coating, the wall is cleaned of the old decor, the cracks are closed. This preparation is enough for bark beetle plaster. And, for example, the Venetian coating involves much more thorough preparation, for example, aligning the walls to an ideal state.
The required minimum tools for puttying are as follows:
Set of spatulas.
Metal ironer.
Plastic or wood grater.
Plaster roller.
Capacity for water and finished solution.
Application methods and preparatory work
A method of preparing the mixture is available on the packaging. To obtain a suitable solution for use, compliance with the instructions is mandatory. It is equally important to correctly calculate the portion at a time. Otherwise, the mixture will freeze already in the container. The prepared solution should be worked out as soon as possible. The application of decorative putties does not tolerate long interruptions in work. To obtain a unique surface, you can use wave-like or circular application, "rain", horizontal reliefs. Using a textured roller, the application of relief is greatly simplified. Particular attention should be paid to the joints of the plots so that there are no inflows. After about 15-20 minutes. the surface is treated with a smoothing machine. To completely harden the plaster will take about a day. Processing with a fine sandpaper will help to eliminate all excess decor.
Fur coat
This coating looks great outside and inside the house. To work, you need the solution itself and pieces of polyethylene. For a more textured pattern, dense polyethylene is used.Thin polyethylene produces a smoother finish.
Apply the mixture to the wall. Too thorough preparation is not needed, as the decor will hide small flaws. Now you can do the decor. Crumple the polyethylene and apply it to the wall to obtain the desired texture. For a smoother texture, a soft material is applied to the wall, the area of which coincides with the coating.
Creative
This is an unusual and non-standard texture, which is almost impossible to repeat. Sheathe the paint roller with leatherette so that it is covered with chaotic folds. After surface treatment, an unusual structure is obtained.
Bark beetle
To get started, align the biggest swings, then clean the surface. Then apply a primer, preferably with quartz sand. Apply the plaster in small layers using a trowel. The directions of the trowel can be different depending on which original pattern you want to get. The diagonal “lacerated” pattern looks best. The ornament is obtained due to the air under the instrument.
Fish scales
This pattern is created with a spatula. Moreover, the wider it is, the larger the picture. Coat a small area with the palm of your hand. Application thickness approx. 4 mm. Starting from the corner, attach a spatula, pushing it into the uncured mixture. To make the picture look prettier, make sure that in all areas the pressing force is the same.
Self-made decorative mixture
It so happens that the options available in the store for some reason are not suitable. You can make the mixture yourself, from improvised materials. This approach allows you to save significantly. However, one must remember that in terms of quality and durability, a mixture prepared independently is inferior to factory-made goods. But given the relative low cost of finishing materials, a period of 10-15 years is quite suitable.For the manufacture of a decorative coating with your own hands, an ordinary putty on gypsum or cement is suitable.
Here is the easiest way to cook:
Take the starting and finishing putty in equal proportions. Starting putty can be replaced with gypsum plaster.
Pour the mixture into a bucket of lukewarm water.
Add a little diluted wallpaper glue to the decoration material. The mixture hardens somewhat more slowly, you can use it longer. In addition, this makes the wall unattractive to fungi and insects.
Mix the mixture with a construction mixer or using a drill with a nozzle.
Try to prepare for 1 time the amount of solution that you can develop in 15 minutes. It’s even more efficient to work together: one is busy directly plastering the wall, the other is drawing a pattern.
If you use this coating in the kitchen or in the bathroom, you need an additional coating of water-repellent varnish. There are master classes on the Internet. For facade work, a cement mortar-based coating with the addition of a small amount of primer is suitable. In order for the decor to remain attractive for as long as possible, it is necessary not only to plaster the wall, but to cover it with facade paint. The finish can be solid or in the form of panels.
The specific choice of coating for walls depends on the taste of the owner of the room and on the requirements for the result. The budget is also of great importance, because the cost of different types of decorative fillers differs by an order of magnitude. It is necessary to look at the complexity of the application. Venetian plaster, for example, can only be handled by experienced plasterers, and the usual textured and structural mixtures can be applied quite simply. You can make the mixture with your own hands or use factory products, for example, Travertino or Bayramix. Neighbors and guests will envy you!
A wide range of building materials allows you to get a truly unique design of the room. Decorative putty is one of the most popular types of decor. Ease of care, aesthetic appearance, environmental safety have made it a worthy alternative to wallpaper, ceramics, painting or other types of wall decoration. They use the finish not only as a self-sufficient material for decorating walls, but also as a textured base for painting.
Content
Types of putty mixtures
You can decorate the surface in different ways.For example, using ordinary plaster, you can level the wall to a perfectly even state. Adding special compositions allows you to achieve the effect of relief, to obtain a glossy surface or to imitate various natural materials: ornamental stone, fabric, leather of exotic animals, concrete surface, sculpting - depending on the chosen design style.
Depending on the binder used, these types of plasters are distinguished.
Acrylic
The binder is acrylic resin, a high molecular weight polymer compound. Due to the polymer component, the applied layer is very elastic. The presence of mineral and organic pigments provides various shade variations. Acrylic putties in the form of ready-to-use mixtures are sold. The disadvantage of acrylic is that the decorated surface does not "breathe", the vapor permeability of the material is extremely low. In addition, the surface is sensitive to sunlight; over time, it begins to crack. Special pigment pastes help paint surfaces in different colors.
Mineral
In mineral mixtures, cement is a binder. Such mixtures are sold in dry form, they are diluted with water. Mineral compounds are best suited for outdoor applications and for damp rooms (such as bathrooms). This is an environmentally friendly option, resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Over time, the coating becomes only stronger. But he also has a drawback: the plaster is unstable to mechanical stress. For cleaning, it is undesirable to use devices that supply a detergent composition under pressure. The standard shade range is light.
Silicate
Liquid glass (a mixture of silica sand, potassium hydroxide and alkaline potassium carbonate) is used here as a bonding element. The surface is very durable, unattractive for fungus and mold, as well as with a water-repellent effect. The finished mixture simultaneously has astringent, impregnating and adhesive properties. Refractoriness and vapor permeability are also on top.Such a coating is sold in the form of a finished composition of different colors. This is the most reliable option of those listed, with a lifespan of half a century or more. Use silicate compositions in the design of the facades of houses in a humid climate.
By type of filler, 3 types of putty are distinguished:
The last two types of putty form a relief surface. As for the Venetian plasters, they are perfectly even. All of these types of decorative materials for walls are made from reliable, durable and environmentally friendly components.
Textured
This putty has a coarse structure. As a filler, flax fiber, mica, wood, mineral (granite, marble) chips, small stones are used. Scope - decorative decoration of plastered, wooden, concrete surfaces, as well as bricks. The decor is equally suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Large particles can hide surface irregularities. For drawing there is no need for preliminary preparation of walls. The preparatory work consists in drying, removing the exfoliated coating, as well as applying an adhesive composition, for better adhesion of the coating to the wall.
Textures can be different: imitation of leather, textile, wood or natural stone. This is the most diverse type of decorative putty. Its important advantage is its low cost. Plaster is sold in an already prepared form or as a dry mixture. It is undesirable to putty when outdoor work in the rain or at an air temperature of less than 7 degrees. One of the main advantages is ease of application. Even with the independent design of the walls, a huge number of options is possible.
There are such subspecies of textured surfaces:
Structural
This is a thin layer material based on acrylic or silicate composition. The structure-forming substance is quartz or marble chips. It is applied to internal and front works. Depending on the structure-forming components, the surface can be perfectly flat or medium-grained. Structural mixtures are great for decorating drywall partitions in the interior, as well as for most mineral surfaces. This material should not be used for outdoor applications and in wet areas. The methods for applying the decoration are different: with a spatula, roller or spray.
Venetian
This is a multilayer interior coating with the addition of hydrated lime and fine marble chips. This is one of the oldest types of decoration, which was widely used in ancient Rome. Marble wastes were brought into business. The result was a mirror-smooth, unusually beautiful surface that resembled onyx or natural marble in appearance. The cost of the material is high, the application technology is not easy, but the result is worth it.
Suitable styles are classic, antique or baroque. Using tinting, you can get different shades, including a pearl shade or imitation of precious metal. The “Venetian” looks beautiful also and as a basis for painting, paintings and panels (for example, the popular drawing “butterfly”, “shell” or the use of plant motifs).
The smooth surface is equally well suited for spacious and small spaces, with a limited number of square meters. The room will seem more spacious. And in a large apartment you get a truly palace interior.
Advantages of the decorative mixture
Like all building materials, decorative putties have their strengths and weaknesses. The benefits include:
Of the minuses, one can note the high cost, the complexity of the application and dismantling.
The choice of putty
When choosing putties, the following criteria are taken into account:
An important point is the type of filler. In essence, it determines what the owner will see on the walls when repairs are completed. The greater the granularity of the filler, the more relief the pattern is obtained. This or that decorative effect also depends on the application method. Not every type of material is suitable for a particular technology.
Tools and application rules
Mixtures for plastering surfaces are sold in different forms. It can be a dry mix. An aqueous solution of the mixture must be developed so that it does not lose its qualities.It is much more convenient to purchase a putty ready for use, which retains its properties for a long time. For self-application, decorative textured plaster is especially convenient. Experts say that in order to spoil such a coating, one must try very hard. In addition, there is no need for too thorough preparation of the walls. The texture mixture during putty itself perfectly smooths out defects.
The required minimum tools for puttying are as follows:
Application methods and preparatory work
A method of preparing the mixture is available on the packaging. To obtain a suitable solution for use, compliance with the instructions is mandatory. It is equally important to correctly calculate the portion at a time. Otherwise, the mixture will freeze already in the container. The prepared solution should be worked out as soon as possible. The application of decorative putties does not tolerate long interruptions in work. To obtain a unique surface, you can use wave-like or circular application, "rain", horizontal reliefs. Using a textured roller, the application of relief is greatly simplified. Particular attention should be paid to the joints of the plots so that there are no inflows. After about 15-20 minutes. the surface is treated with a smoothing machine. To completely harden the plaster will take about a day. Processing with a fine sandpaper will help to eliminate all excess decor.
Fur coat
This coating looks great outside and inside the house. To work, you need the solution itself and pieces of polyethylene. For a more textured pattern, dense polyethylene is used.Thin polyethylene produces a smoother finish.
Apply the mixture to the wall. Too thorough preparation is not needed, as the decor will hide small flaws. Now you can do the decor. Crumple the polyethylene and apply it to the wall to obtain the desired texture. For a smoother texture, a soft material is applied to the wall, the area of which coincides with the coating.
Creative
This is an unusual and non-standard texture, which is almost impossible to repeat. Sheathe the paint roller with leatherette so that it is covered with chaotic folds. After surface treatment, an unusual structure is obtained.
Bark beetle
To get started, align the biggest swings, then clean the surface. Then apply a primer, preferably with quartz sand. Apply the plaster in small layers using a trowel. The directions of the trowel can be different depending on which original pattern you want to get. The diagonal “lacerated” pattern looks best. The ornament is obtained due to the air under the instrument.
Fish scales
This pattern is created with a spatula. Moreover, the wider it is, the larger the picture. Coat a small area with the palm of your hand. Application thickness approx. 4 mm. Starting from the corner, attach a spatula, pushing it into the uncured mixture. To make the picture look prettier, make sure that in all areas the pressing force is the same.
Self-made decorative mixture
It so happens that the options available in the store for some reason are not suitable. You can make the mixture yourself, from improvised materials. This approach allows you to save significantly. However, one must remember that in terms of quality and durability, a mixture prepared independently is inferior to factory-made goods. But given the relative low cost of finishing materials, a period of 10-15 years is quite suitable.For the manufacture of a decorative coating with your own hands, an ordinary putty on gypsum or cement is suitable.
Here is the easiest way to cook:
If you use this coating in the kitchen or in the bathroom, you need an additional coating of water-repellent varnish. There are master classes on the Internet.
For facade work, a cement mortar-based coating with the addition of a small amount of primer is suitable. In order for the decor to remain attractive for as long as possible, it is necessary not only to plaster the wall, but to cover it with facade paint. The finish can be solid or in the form of panels.
The specific choice of coating for walls depends on the taste of the owner of the room and on the requirements for the result. The budget is also of great importance, because the cost of different types of decorative fillers differs by an order of magnitude. It is necessary to look at the complexity of the application. Venetian plaster, for example, can only be handled by experienced plasterers, and the usual textured and structural mixtures can be applied quite simply. You can make the mixture with your own hands or use factory products, for example, Travertino or Bayramix. Neighbors and guests will envy you!