4 do-it-yourself wooden door manufacturing technologies
It is believed that it is impossible to make a high-quality wooden door with your own hands without professional equipment. The time has come to dispel this myth and prove that this - at first glance, unrealistic mission is quite feasible. There are technologies that make it possible for even a layman to solve a similar problem. The main thing is to choose the right materials and stock up on the set of necessary tools. Well, of course, follow the instructions.
Why do you need to start such a complex campaign? In fact, there are plenty of arguments in favor of creating a door on your own. Here are some of them:
the presence of a non-standard opening - ordering an atypical door in the workshop will cost much more. If the dimensions of the product go beyond the standards, the price of it takes off at a reactive speed;
the inability to purchase a suitable model that will fit into the design and will be combined with other interior elements;
desire to save money - if it is possible to independently manufacture a budget door from natural wood, rather than buying a ready-made one for a lot of money, why not use it;
the presence of outbuildings in the courtyard of a private house - a barn, a bathhouse, a stable - they don’t need expensive doors;
the desire to create a unique, unique product and to know that you made this wonderful door yourself.
What type of wood to choose
One of the most critical steps is the selection of the source material. Each of the varieties of wood is endowed with special mechanical and physical qualities. You need to know the features of different types in order to determine which one is ideal for solving a specific problem. All wood can be divided into two categories - hardwood and coniferous.
Hardwood
In this row are the most valuable breeds endowed with outstanding strength, high density, expressive texture and attractive natural shades.
The highest value is wood:
beech;
a nut;
mahogany.
If there is no reason to spend money on expensive source materials, you can do more affordable.Pay attention to the advantages:
Cherries
oak;
ash.
These breeds also have high strength, but will not require such significant costs as representatives of the first category.
Oak wood is very durable and resistant to decay. Due to the content of tannins, which, when etched, react with dyes, it can achieve intense color effects. Processing the material is not difficult - it lends itself very well to simple tools. To make details of an unusual, curved shape out of it is not a problem.
Ash is as hard and durable as oak. However, this material needs regular treatment with antiseptic compounds. Otherwise, when the first wet season begins, it will begin to rot.
Conifers
Coniferous wood never loses its popularity. This is due to its availability and an extensive palette of positive qualities. The most popular materials made from pine, in second place - spruce.
The strength characteristics of pine are slightly lower than that of hardwood. This disadvantage is more than leveled by high resistance to biodegradation, to the effects of mold and fungus, excellent thermal conductivity and extraordinary flexibility during processing. High ability to air and moisture permeability guarantees a decent quality of processing with protective compounds.
Spruce is more susceptible to decay compared to pine, but has less hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity. Products made of this material retain their original shape much longer.
If you choose between these two breeds - you should give preference to pine.
Hardwood trees are ideal for the manufacture of interior doors. And for entrance structures, pine will be the best choice.
Types of doors by design
Doors are classified according to various characteristics - the design of the door leaf, the method of opening.
The following types of door leafs are distinguished:
massive;
paneled;
panel board;
Groups of door structures by the method of opening
oar - with one or two wings;
sliding - the so-called coupe, equipped with a guide system;
folding - doors resemble an accordion or a book;
radial.
For the manufacture of wooden doors using boards, boards, furniture panels. To determine the choice of material, you need to deal with the pros and cons of each of them. Consider the characteristics of the various options.
Massive doors
For the manufacture of solid wood doors, planed or grooved boards of large thickness are suitable. The latter are convenient in that they are easily combined into a single canvas without forming gaps. This is made possible thanks to the locking system, which consists of a longitudinal protrusion and a corresponding slot on the edges of the board. The canvas, composed of boards, is fastened with the help of transverse or diagonal jumpers.
In the manufacture of the front door, it is worth giving preference to more expensive breeds. Suitable oak, larch or cedar. For outbuildings, budget options - pine, linden or spruce - will fit perfectly.
Panel doors
This is a separate category of doors with its own design features. Their paintings consist of a frame and rectangular inserts - panels.
The main bearing element of this design is the frame, which is otherwise referred to as the harness. The remaining elements are attached to it - wooden inserts. The harness is usually made of solid wood. Glued beam is also suitable. Four parts interconnected form a frame. The bottom element is wider than the top and side panels. This provides the construction with extra strength. It is possible to further strengthen the lower part of the door if sheathed with sheet metal. Galvanized steel or aluminum is suitable. This is especially true for strengthening the paintings of the entrance groups.
No less important elements - the transverse slats - in another way - the middle. They are bars that are mounted horizontally in the middle of the future canvas.
And finally, the details that gave the name of the whole structure are panels. These fragments are inserted into the frame, resulting in an integral web. For their installation, special grooves are provided. Panels are attached using a spike-groove system or decorative glazing beads that allow you to quickly replace a damaged element without damage to the door. Panels can be made of particleboard, MDF, plywood and even glass. They are installed in the door frame, and in addition to the main purpose, they also have a decorative function. They are given interesting shapes, decorated with carvings or paintings.
Panel doors
The design of the panel door is much simpler than the previous version. It consists of a box and the main part - the shield itself. For the manufacture of boxes suitable fiberboard, veneer or laminate. Pre-made from the boards frame. It is advisable to use sheets of chipboard, MDF or fiberboard as a shield.
Shield canvases can be:
solid - are made from interconnected bars;
hollow - the frame of the connected bars is sheathed with lamellas;
shallow - have a diverse filling, for example, cellular.
Necessary materials and tools for making doors
Before you begin, make sure all the tools are in stock. If something is missing, it is better to purchase the necessary tools in advance than to detect their absence during the manufacturing process.
So, for work you will need:
large workbench or sturdy table;
manual wood milling cutter - with its help it is possible to easily form grooves, holes, grind the surface and trim the product angles;
a planer - it will become an excellent assistant in aligning and grinding the ends;
ordinary hacksaw;
miscellaneous chisels;
rubber mallet;
ordinary hammer;
sandpaper, and even better - a grinding machine;
construction level, tape measure, pencil;
screwdriver or Phillips screwdriver;
screws of various calibers;
wood glue.
Materials are purchased depending on the type of door chosen and the technology of its manufacture. It can be:
grooved or planed boards;
chipboard;
plywood;
glass;
glued beam.
Step-by-step door manufacturing technology
The first step is to thoroughly dry the purchased wood. This step may substantially delay the manufacturing step, but is necessary. Drying takes an average of 1 to 2 months. Boards must not touch each other. They are interspersed with special gaskets. This technology provides an unhindered exit of moisture from the material. The use of dry wood can lead to deformation of the door and the formation of fungus.
When drying conifers in a special chamber, it is unacceptable to set the temperature above 50 ° C. The resin will flow out, which will lead to a decrease in the strength characteristics of the material.
Making a massive door
In order to make a door from an array, you will need to follow these steps:
mark and cut the boards into fragments of the desired size;
check the location of the received segments - they need to be deployed in such a way that the annual rings "look" in one direction;
if there is a spike-groove mounting system, connect the fragments into a single canvas. First you need to grease the joints with carpentry glue. This will provide the design with extra strength;
the spike remaining at the end of the web should be cut off and the resulting plane processed;
the resulting structure must be fixed with clamps and left until the glue has completely dried;
the next step is surface treatment with a milling cutter and subsequent grinding;
the final stage is the fastening of the canvas with the help of crossbars. For this, it is necessary to prepare bars of the required length, preferably a trapezoidal shape, to ensure a tight connection. Next, you need to form the grooves - usually their depth is equal to half or one third of the thickness of the canvas. After that, it remains to drive the cross-members into the grooves smeared with glue with a rubber hammer or mallet.
Panel door manufacturing
The production of panel doors is a complex process, which requires a variety of tools, as well as special knowledge and experience.
First of all, you need to prepare a bar for the manufacture of the frame. It is processed using a cutter, after which grooves are cut out on the stand elements, and spikes are made on the transverse ones. Further panels are made. For this, an array, plywood, particleboard, glass is suitable.
All elements are connected in a single design, while all the spikes are coated with wood glue. It will take a lot of space to work.
Step-by-step assembly instructions:
We coat the spikes of the cross members with glue and install in the grooves of the vertical elements.
We mount the middle.
We install panels.
We glue the vertical bar.
We fix panels with decorative glazing beads.
Use a rubber mallet to tighten the parts together. Align the corners, guided by a building corner. Clamp the product with clamps and leave to dry.
Panel door manufacturing
For the manufacture of thyroid tissue requires:
assemble a frame of beams connected at the corners using the “half-tree” technology;
lining the frame on one side with plywood or fiberboard. The material is fixed with glue;
the resulting void is filled with cellular material or MDF bars. They are glued from the inside to the already existing cladding layer.
The design is closed with a second fiberboard sheet and sent under the press.
If desired, you can make an additional facing layer of laminated material or sheathe the canvas with wooden lamellas.
Making a door from a lining
As a basis for such a door, a frame of bars acts. It can be made on the same principle as the frame for shield panels. We finish the frame with lining and the door is ready for installation.
In fact, not everything is so simple. Keep in mind that each board needs to be greased with glue for a more secure hold. On the first day, it is recommended to install only two slats - on both sides of the canvas. We glue the lamella, fix it with a self-tapping screw. After that, we clamp with a clamp until the glue protrudes around the entire perimeter of the rail and wait for complete drying. On the other hand, we are doing the same actions. Every day we add only two boards and so gradually close the entire plane. It is better to drill the connecting holes in the lamellas in advance, since when screwing the self-tapping screw, the panel can crack.
How to make and assemble a door frame with your own hands
Before describing the manufacturing process of a door frame, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its device. It is a frame structure that is mounted on the edges of the doorway. The box is needed to install the door, which is attached to the base with hinges. The following materials are suitable for manufacturing - wood, MDF.
The design includes the following elements:
feigned timber - a rack on which the locking strip of the castle is installed;
loop bar - loops are attached to it;
ceiling beam - upper bar;
threshold - lower beam, relevant for entrance doors.
Manufacturing steps
We make the necessary calculations. To the dimensions of the door leaf known to us, we add an additional distance for the formation of small gaps - 3 mm above and on the sides and several mm from the bottom.
We saw off the necessary parts at an angle of 45 °. The miter box will help to make no mistake when forming the angle.
We connect the bars in a U-shaped or rectangular composition using self-tapping screws.
Production of extensions and platbands
The following materials are suitable for these elements: MDF, wood, chipboard.
To do the extension, measure the width of the wall, which must be covered with a bar. We select a wooden lamella of the appropriate size. We file one of the long sections. A chamfer is formed, which can easily go beyond the detail of the box. We grind the surface of the lamella to an ideal state, after which we paint it with a stain and cover it with two layers of varnish.
In the case of MDF or particleboard, everything is much simpler. It will only be necessary to veneer the edges of the rail, pasting them with edging PVC using a hot iron.
It is best to fix home-made extensions with the help of screws. You need to start from the upper horizontal bar to leave the opportunity to adjust the length of the side rails.
For homemade platbands, it is better to use solid or glued bars. Whole products require staining. Glued often have a veneer or laminate coating.
With the independent manufacture of a decorative element, you can choose their shape to your liking. Your platbands can be:
smooth - have a flat shape, the most simple to manufacture;
profiled - have different recesses or protrusions on the surface. In order to make them, you will need at least a manual milling cutter;
curly - the most difficult type of platbands. They are made using special programmable machines according to specified drawings. Curly platbands can be made independently or ordered from a woodcarver. Products decorated with handmade carvings are the most expensive variant of curly planks.
What will be your platbands depends on your taste and financial capabilities.
Installation of ready-made decorative elements is carried out either using special studs without a hat, or mounting glue. When fixing massive strips, it is better to choose the first option.Platbands will be securely fixed, and traces of thin cloves will be practically invisible.
Before starting the installation, the ends of the platbands are cut using a miter box at an angle of 45 °. The brackets are fastened in the following sequence:
level near the door hinges;
second side element;
top panel.
In order to hide the places of fastenings to the maximum, you can wipe these places with mastic, cosmetic pencil.
Independent insertion and installation of fittings
The insert of the castle is a rather difficult stage, at which one cannot be mistaken.
The first step is to lay the door flat. After that, at a distance of 100-120 cm from the bottom, we drill a hole. We insert the latch and circle the hardware element along the contour with a marker. After that, we perform a recess under the faceplate. You can use a chisel or a milling cutter for this work. We place the case in the recess so that its edge is at the level of the end of the door. We mark the places of attachment of the handles and drill holes. The latch is put in place and fixed with screws. Next comes the turn of pens and decorative pads. For their installation, special hexagons are provided.
Door frame and door mounting
The next step is the installation of the box and hanging the door
We install the formed box in the opening and fix one side with the help of long screws in places that will be closed with loops.
We fasten the hinges on the canvas and the box and hang the door.
We close the door and designate a place for the locking strip. We drill a recess in the size of the latch.
We fix the second side of the box. Before this, it is necessary to close the door and adjust the gap, making it the same throughout the height of the canvas.
Between the box and the doorway at the level of the latch, we install a wooden wedge and fix it with a self-tapping screw through the hole provided for the locking fittings.
We mount the locking plate and fix the box with wooden wedges.
How to close up cracks
In order to provide additional stability of the structure, and to warm the house or room, it is necessary to fill all the cracks with mounting foam.
Before starting work, close the front strips with masking tape. Wet the cracks with water and fill with foam. After hardening, we cut the protruding bubbles of the sealant with a construction knife and tear off the adhesive tape together with the spray attached to it.
Ideas and options for processing and decorating
Before decorating a wooden door, you need to carefully polish its surface. The next very important step is the treatment of the product with an antiseptic solution. After drying, you can start decorating.
First, cover the door with soil or putty in two layers. After that, the door can be painted or applied to the surface a couple of layers of varnish. If you have the necessary tools at hand, minimal artistic and decoration skills, you can decorate the canvas with carvings, polyurethane stucco molding, stencils, mosaics.
Interior doors can be “revived” using wallpaper, fabric, vinyl stickers.
Conclusion
If you want to make a door with your own hands, we suggest that you begin to implement this project right now. We wish to enjoy both the process and the result of your activity.
It is believed that it is impossible to make a high-quality wooden door with your own hands without professional equipment. The time has come to dispel this myth and prove that this - at first glance, unrealistic mission is quite feasible. There are technologies that make it possible for even a layman to solve a similar problem. The main thing is to choose the right materials and stock up on the set of necessary tools. Well, of course, follow the instructions.
Content
DIY manufacturing features
Why do you need to start such a complex campaign? In fact, there are plenty of arguments in favor of creating a door on your own. Here are some of them:
What type of wood to choose
One of the most critical steps is the selection of the source material. Each of the varieties of wood is endowed with special mechanical and physical qualities. You need to know the features of different types in order to determine which one is ideal for solving a specific problem. All wood can be divided into two categories - hardwood and coniferous.
Hardwood
In this row are the most valuable breeds endowed with outstanding strength, high density, expressive texture and attractive natural shades.
The highest value is wood:
If there is no reason to spend money on expensive source materials, you can do more affordable.Pay attention to the advantages:
These breeds also have high strength, but will not require such significant costs as representatives of the first category.
Oak wood is very durable and resistant to decay. Due to the content of tannins, which, when etched, react with dyes, it can achieve intense color effects. Processing the material is not difficult - it lends itself very well to simple tools. To make details of an unusual, curved shape out of it is not a problem.
Ash is as hard and durable as oak. However, this material needs regular treatment with antiseptic compounds. Otherwise, when the first wet season begins, it will begin to rot.
Conifers
Coniferous wood never loses its popularity. This is due to its availability and an extensive palette of positive qualities. The most popular materials made from pine, in second place - spruce.
The strength characteristics of pine are slightly lower than that of hardwood. This disadvantage is more than leveled by high resistance to biodegradation, to the effects of mold and fungus, excellent thermal conductivity and extraordinary flexibility during processing. High ability to air and moisture permeability guarantees a decent quality of processing with protective compounds.
Spruce is more susceptible to decay compared to pine, but has less hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity. Products made of this material retain their original shape much longer.
If you choose between these two breeds - you should give preference to pine.
Types of doors by design
Doors are classified according to various characteristics - the design of the door leaf, the method of opening.
The following types of door leafs are distinguished:
Groups of door structures by the method of opening
For the manufacture of wooden doors using boards, boards, furniture panels. To determine the choice of material, you need to deal with the pros and cons of each of them. Consider the characteristics of the various options.
Massive doors
For the manufacture of solid wood doors, planed or grooved boards of large thickness are suitable. The latter are convenient in that they are easily combined into a single canvas without forming gaps. This is made possible thanks to the locking system, which consists of a longitudinal protrusion and a corresponding slot on the edges of the board. The canvas, composed of boards, is fastened with the help of transverse or diagonal jumpers.
In the manufacture of the front door, it is worth giving preference to more expensive breeds. Suitable oak, larch or cedar. For outbuildings, budget options - pine, linden or spruce - will fit perfectly.
Panel doors
This is a separate category of doors with its own design features. Their paintings consist of a frame and rectangular inserts - panels.
The main bearing element of this design is the frame, which is otherwise referred to as the harness. The remaining elements are attached to it - wooden inserts. The harness is usually made of solid wood. Glued beam is also suitable. Four parts interconnected form a frame. The bottom element is wider than the top and side panels. This provides the construction with extra strength. It is possible to further strengthen the lower part of the door if sheathed with sheet metal. Galvanized steel or aluminum is suitable. This is especially true for strengthening the paintings of the entrance groups.
No less important elements - the transverse slats - in another way - the middle. They are bars that are mounted horizontally in the middle of the future canvas.
And finally, the details that gave the name of the whole structure are panels. These fragments are inserted into the frame, resulting in an integral web. For their installation, special grooves are provided. Panels are attached using a spike-groove system or decorative glazing beads that allow you to quickly replace a damaged element without damage to the door. Panels can be made of particleboard, MDF, plywood and even glass. They are installed in the door frame, and in addition to the main purpose, they also have a decorative function. They are given interesting shapes, decorated with carvings or paintings.
Panel doors
The design of the panel door is much simpler than the previous version. It consists of a box and the main part - the shield itself. For the manufacture of boxes suitable fiberboard, veneer or laminate. Pre-made from the boards frame. It is advisable to use sheets of chipboard, MDF or fiberboard as a shield.
Shield canvases can be:
Necessary materials and tools for making doors
Before you begin, make sure all the tools are in stock. If something is missing, it is better to purchase the necessary tools in advance than to detect their absence during the manufacturing process.
So, for work you will need:
Materials are purchased depending on the type of door chosen and the technology of its manufacture. It can be:
Step-by-step door manufacturing technology
The first step is to thoroughly dry the purchased wood. This step may substantially delay the manufacturing step, but is necessary. Drying takes an average of 1 to 2 months. Boards must not touch each other. They are interspersed with special gaskets. This technology provides an unhindered exit of moisture from the material. The use of dry wood can lead to deformation of the door and the formation of fungus.
Making a massive door
In order to make a door from an array, you will need to follow these steps:
Panel door manufacturing
The production of panel doors is a complex process, which requires a variety of tools, as well as special knowledge and experience.
First of all, you need to prepare a bar for the manufacture of the frame. It is processed using a cutter, after which grooves are cut out on the stand elements, and spikes are made on the transverse ones. Further panels are made. For this, an array, plywood, particleboard, glass is suitable.
All elements are connected in a single design, while all the spikes are coated with wood glue. It will take a lot of space to work.
Step-by-step assembly instructions:
Use a rubber mallet to tighten the parts together. Align the corners, guided by a building corner. Clamp the product with clamps and leave to dry.
Panel door manufacturing
For the manufacture of thyroid tissue requires:
Making a door from a lining
As a basis for such a door, a frame of bars acts. It can be made on the same principle as the frame for shield panels. We finish the frame with lining and the door is ready for installation.
In fact, not everything is so simple. Keep in mind that each board needs to be greased with glue for a more secure hold. On the first day, it is recommended to install only two slats - on both sides of the canvas. We glue the lamella, fix it with a self-tapping screw. After that, we clamp with a clamp until the glue protrudes around the entire perimeter of the rail and wait for complete drying. On the other hand, we are doing the same actions. Every day we add only two boards and so gradually close the entire plane. It is better to drill the connecting holes in the lamellas in advance, since when screwing the self-tapping screw, the panel can crack.
How to make and assemble a door frame with your own hands
Before describing the manufacturing process of a door frame, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its device. It is a frame structure that is mounted on the edges of the doorway. The box is needed to install the door, which is attached to the base with hinges. The following materials are suitable for manufacturing - wood, MDF.
The design includes the following elements:
Manufacturing steps
Production of extensions and platbands
The following materials are suitable for these elements: MDF, wood, chipboard.
To do the extension, measure the width of the wall, which must be covered with a bar. We select a wooden lamella of the appropriate size. We file one of the long sections. A chamfer is formed, which can easily go beyond the detail of the box. We grind the surface of the lamella to an ideal state, after which we paint it with a stain and cover it with two layers of varnish.
In the case of MDF or particleboard, everything is much simpler. It will only be necessary to veneer the edges of the rail, pasting them with edging PVC using a hot iron.
It is best to fix home-made extensions with the help of screws. You need to start from the upper horizontal bar to leave the opportunity to adjust the length of the side rails.
For homemade platbands, it is better to use solid or glued bars. Whole products require staining. Glued often have a veneer or laminate coating.
With the independent manufacture of a decorative element, you can choose their shape to your liking. Your platbands can be:
What will be your platbands depends on your taste and financial capabilities.
Installation of ready-made decorative elements is carried out either using special studs without a hat, or mounting glue. When fixing massive strips, it is better to choose the first option.Platbands will be securely fixed, and traces of thin cloves will be practically invisible.
Before starting the installation, the ends of the platbands are cut using a miter box at an angle of 45 °. The brackets are fastened in the following sequence:
In order to hide the places of fastenings to the maximum, you can wipe these places with mastic, cosmetic pencil.
Independent insertion and installation of fittings
The insert of the castle is a rather difficult stage, at which one cannot be mistaken.
The first step is to lay the door flat. After that, at a distance of 100-120 cm from the bottom, we drill a hole. We insert the latch and circle the hardware element along the contour with a marker. After that, we perform a recess under the faceplate. You can use a chisel or a milling cutter for this work. We place the case in the recess so that its edge is at the level of the end of the door. We mark the places of attachment of the handles and drill holes. The latch is put in place and fixed with screws. Next comes the turn of pens and decorative pads. For their installation, special hexagons are provided.
Door frame and door mounting
The next step is the installation of the box and hanging the door
How to close up cracks
In order to provide additional stability of the structure, and to warm the house or room, it is necessary to fill all the cracks with mounting foam.
Before starting work, close the front strips with masking tape. Wet the cracks with water and fill with foam. After hardening, we cut the protruding bubbles of the sealant with a construction knife and tear off the adhesive tape together with the spray attached to it.
Ideas and options for processing and decorating
Before decorating a wooden door, you need to carefully polish its surface. The next very important step is the treatment of the product with an antiseptic solution. After drying, you can start decorating.
First, cover the door with soil or putty in two layers. After that, the door can be painted or applied to the surface a couple of layers of varnish. If you have the necessary tools at hand, minimal artistic and decoration skills, you can decorate the canvas with carvings, polyurethane stucco molding, stencils, mosaics.
Interior doors can be “revived” using wallpaper, fabric, vinyl stickers.
Conclusion
If you want to make a door with your own hands, we suggest that you begin to implement this project right now. We wish to enjoy both the process and the result of your activity.