The project of landscape design of the site: stages of preparation, norms and rules
Everyone wants to design their home in accordance with their taste preferences, so that it is beautiful, cozy, laconic or luxurious, fashionable or authentic. But arranging a private cottage or cottage is only half the battle. No matter how beautiful the building may look, it will lose half its charm if it rises in a wasteland - an unfortunate site with a rickety slate fence and sloppy beds in the background. A disappointing picture, right? The design of land with all the attached buildings and sites involved in landscape designers. Although highly specialized designers received wide popularity only in recent years, this profession appeared in antiquity when it became necessary to decorate temple complexes and possessions of wealthy citizens. The project of landscape design of the site can be developed independently.Beginners are often lost and do not know which side to approach the task. In this article, we will give some valuable advice to beginners in landscape design and show by examples what potential this design art hides.
Let's start with the simplest, with a brief algorithm for compiling a design project for the improvement of a suburban area. Do not flatter yourself and rely only on paper work with drawings, you will have to explore the property with a tape measure and a camera up and down, but first things first. Design includes the following steps:
Preparation and data collection. At this stage, measurements and topographic surveys are carried out.
Sketch of engineering networks.
The choice of stylistic concept.
Analysis of the soil (acidity, composition), the depth of groundwater. The study of existing vegetation and its preliminary distribution into two groups: one that fits into the design concept, and one that will have to be uprooted.
A sketch of the drawing with an approximate location of the main zones and buildings.
Landscaping and the right choice of vegetation.
Selection of materials to fulfill the idea.
Lighting design.
The choice of decor for each zone.
Checking the correspondence of the idea with the real possibilities of the site, conducting repeated "control" measurements.
The final "approval" of the project.
Working with a drawing is not necessary on paper.For these purposes, created a lot of online helpers. Visualizers after loading the initial data will offer a rich assortment of “filling” the landscape, among which you just need to choose what you like. After completing the main work on the project, you can take a walk in the virtual site program, evaluate its merits and find weaknesses that are subject to immediate correction.
Professionals will help those who take only the first timid steps in landscape design and are afraid to make a number of irreparable mistakes. Before realizing the idea for a certain fee, which is incommensurable with the cost of the finished project, designers can conduct a thorough, objective analysis of the work and give valuable advice.
Important site features
The most important characteristics of the land, which can greatly affect the design, include:
Area. This is the first thing you should focus on. Obviously, large-scale ideas cannot be embodied on a landscape of several hundred square meters. For such projects, scope is needed.
The form. Most of all, the owners of asymmetric platforms are not lucky. The optimal areas are square and rectangular. Properly equipping triangular possessions is already more difficult. How many hundred square meters in a particular area can be found from the documents of sale.
Relief. In this case, elevations, hollows, and slopes matter. The nature of the relief to a greater extent will affect landscaping.
The presence of neighboring sections, nearby roads. This nuance will have to be taken into account when placing various objects for which certain distance standards are established.
Availability of engineering communications. This is found in areas that are located in densely populated suburbs. If we are talking about the "wild" nature, then all communications will have to be built from scratch and designing this nuance makes it easier as well as the summer resident’s wallet,after all, such work will be associated with additional costs.
Also consider the presence of natural objects: ponds, rocky hills, trees.
Designed in accordance with the rules and regulations
First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the standards for maintaining distances between buildings of various types. If you neglect any rule, then after checking by the employees of the fire or sanitary inspection, you will have to not only pay the fine, but also demolish the building and restart the construction work. The list of standards is as follows:
A distance of at least 6 m must be maintained between buildings made of non-combustible materials (concrete, reinforced concrete) and similar structures. If a barn or summer kitchen is equipped with wooden floors, they are erected at a distance of 8 m. For buildings made of combustible materials (wood), a distance of 10 m
10 m is left between similar buildings of non-combustible materials having wooden floors. A distance of 12 m is observed to buildings made of wood.
High-grade buildings made of combustible materials and frame ceilings are erected at a distance of 15 m from each other.
Residential building must be separated from the street by at least 5 m.
Water sources (wells, wells) are not dug up near compost pits and street toilets. The minimum distance between them should be 8 m. A similar distance is observed between the shower room and the apartment building or cellar where food is stored.
12 m. Should separate housing from buildings where livestock is kept, and from the restroom.
It is necessary to take into account the permissible distances to the site of neighbors from different objects. Tall trees and farm buildings that contain animals should be separated 4 meters from the fence. The house can be built a little closer - just 3 m., And other buildings at a distance of 1 m. Medium-sized trees are planted at a distance of 2 m from the neighbor’s fence, and shrubs - at 1 m.To a greater extent, such standards are established so that large objects do not cast a shadow and do not interfere with other people setting up a garden or vegetable garden. Although the construction of a restroom, a shed for pigs or digging a compost pit next to neighbors is fraught with a violation of sanitary standards, which can lead to contamination of water in their area. You should not hope that they drilled a well at another fence.
Choosing a color palette for landscaping
With the help of colors, you can create a unique design in the most primitive suburban area. Moreover, special financial investments for the formation of a compositional palette of colors will not be required. To make the gamut of colors of individual objects easier, they are grouped into the following categories:
Natural elements of the landscape. This group includes everything that was created by nature: ponds, hills, green spaces and even natural rock gardens.
Architectural elements. These include all the buildings on the site: from gazebos to the main apartment building. In this case, the color of the finishing materials and decorations matters.
Details of the decorative and social landscape. This category includes man-made elements, the combination of shades of which is unlimited. The group includes trees, shrubs, beds, flower beds (planted with your own hands), rock gardens, rockeries, artificial ponds, fountains and springs.
The rest of the design elements. These include garden paths, railings, flooring, bridges, lights, small sculpture, hammocks.
The latter category is equivalent to small decor, if we draw a parallel with the interior design. With its help, the color composition is finally polished, and if necessary, components are easily replaced with others. In fact, the “other elements” express the mood of the owner of the site, while the selection of the remaining details is based on tastes, which, as you know, change only with time.
Popular stylistic trends
All stylistic directions for the design of household plots and summer cottages can be conditionally classified into two groups:
Historical.
Modern popular.
If the first ones were formed over many years and reached us in the form in which they were embodied in different eras, the second group is in constant motion, developing and mutating. Historical styles include Dutch, Japanese, Mediterranean, French, English, Moorish, colonial, Russian and Chinese. The popular group includes hi-tech, minimalism, alpine (landscape analogue of the chalet), modern and eco direction. In the latter case, the plot is formed as naturally as possible, that is, natural asymmetry is welcome. In minimalism, dwarf trees, large spaces and a harmonious arrangement of rare decorative elements are used. Hi-tech obeys strict rules: neat paved paths, simple geometry in the arrangement of small architectural forms, perfectly trimmed shrubs. Art Nouveau is based on the use of smooth lines, rounded corners, the use of modern materials and contrasting combinations of colors and textures. Alpine style is ideal for embossed areas. They are divided into "mountain" gardens, where vegetation alternates with stone twists and rock gardens.
Site zoning
In order for the landscape composition to look neat, without piling up of individual elements, it must be zoned, that is, divided into separate functional areas on which certain objects are combined into groups. The average site includes the following areas:
A platform for rest.
Gardening estates.
Group of farm buildings.
A platform for outdoor activities and games.
All areas are isolated from each other using garden paths, fences, flower beds or decorative elements.
Rest zone
The recreation area is designed for large companies and may include:
The gazebo is open or closed. The first option is used only in the summer. Closed arbors are glazed and sometimes can have an autonomous heating system, which makes them a comfortable place for winter recreation.
Open or closed (under a canopy) area with barbecue, fireplace or barbecue.
Equipped back patio with upholstered furniture, dining table, deck chair and poufs. This site is decorated in the open air or decorated with a pergola entwined with ivy, grapes, clematis.
Dining room without a canopy. The area has a dining table and chairs. Most often, it is located near the summer kitchen, so that you do not have to carry plates with dishes far.
The recreation area is usually located next to the garden, which provides a beautiful landscape view, and with a playground so that kids can be watched without being distracted from gatherings.
Garden area
A garden and a vegetable garden are traditionally combined into one zone, although it is possible that the beds are planted in one half of the plot, and trees and shrubs are planted in the other. The choice of location for green spaces determines the relief, the depth of groundwater and the type of soil. Experts recommend placing the beds in the "deaf" side of the plot, behind the house, so that the greenhouse garden does not callous eyes and does not spoil the exterior of the house. If the soil for cultivating cucumbers and tomatoes is categorically not suitable, then the situation can be changed with the help of imported soil. The kitchen garden in any case should look neat and well-groomed. To achieve this effect, the so-called "high" beds will help, raised above the rest of the soil and fenced with wooden, plastic, stone fences. The garden can take a variety of forms. Sometimes it is a paradise with exotic flora, as if descended from photos of fashion magazines, and in other cases it is an imitation of a park with fruit and conifer trees planted in rows, with benches for rest and neat paths.
Outbuilding Area
The household buildings include a bathhouse, summer kitchen, sheds for equipment, firewood, buildings where pets are kept. In fact, in this zone are located all the sites on which they perform any work, there is no time to rest here, and therefore the emphasis is on functionality, not beauty. When developing a design project, they pay attention to the color of finishing materials of buildings, their stylistic compliance with the chosen concept and easy decoration with flower beds, paths and fences.
Sports and play area
A sports and playground can include a tennis court, children's slides and swings, a horizontal bar system, and even some types of exercise machines, if the household is fond of exercise in the morning. Its placement is impractical in areas with a small area. In these cases, it is better to limit yourself to compact swings and a slide. Sports and entertainment facilities are traditionally located in the backyard. It usually borders a relaxation area and a garden.
Garden paths and lawn
Garden paths are mainly used for zoning the site. On the sides they are decorated with low fences, border flowerbeds, parterres, ribbon flower beds and mixborders, if the path is adjacent to a blank fence. The tracks are made of pebbles, gravel, large flat stones, wood saw cuts, boards, concrete, brick, pieces of ceramic tiles laid out by mosaic method. The lawn is planted on areas free from buildings, as the grass carpet looks more effective if it occupies a large area. A similar lawn is located on the approaches to the recreation area, in summer it can be used as a field for futsal. In addition to the traditional short-cut lawn, there is also a Moorish version. It does not require special care and is a cute potpourri of field herbs, the height of which sometimes reaches the waist.
Artificial ponds - an element of landscape design
What section does without a reservoir? In rare cases, a brook flows through the property or there is a small natural pond nearby. If the landscape is devoid of natural water veins, then it will be necessary to create their artificial alternative. The most economical option is considered a pond. Minimum care will be required. The pond is populated by aquatic life and sometimes fish. Harmonizes the water structure with minimalism and Japanese style. Pleasant sounds of water murmur will come from fountains and their more complex versions - cascades. To equip such a reservoir, you will have to purchase a special system for pumping water, which will stably "eat" electricity. The more complex the design and the higher its power, the more liquid it can distill. Luxurious homesteads include swimming pools. This personal pond for bathing with a bathhouse is well combined. You can steam in it, and then cool the ardor in the cool water of the pool.
Site Lighting Rules
District lighting is divided into three categories:
The main thing. This group includes a set of lighting devices near the porch and near the outbuildings.
Additional. Lights along the tracks, which are necessary for free movement on the site at night.
Decorative. This type of lighting emphasizes the beauty of individual elements of landscape design, which do not carry any “useful” functions and are installed solely for the sake of a pleasant appearance.
Powerful lamps are installed only in the main lighting fixtures. Light, diffused light is enough for decorative sources.
An economical solution is to buy solar-powered lamps. For the whole night, such a light source, of course, will not be enough, but they will be able to work uninterruptedly in pitch darkness for 3-5 hours.
Do not forget about decorative elements
“Cutting” of the landscape of the site is carried out using decorative elements.They do not have a single classification, but conditionally these details can be divided into two large groups:
"Living" decorations, that is, green spaces.
The rest of the details.
Flower gardens and various compositions from shrubs and trees are referred to the “live” decor. These can be flower beds, borders, tapeworms, solo plants, mixborders, backstage, topiary, labyrinths, multi-level plantings, rose gardens, arabesques, rock gardens, rockeries, flowerpots. Other decorations include benches, small architectural forms, sculptures, ceramic animal figures, bridges, pergolas, platforms, trellises, arches, garden furniture. The choice of decorative elements directly depends on the style of the site. For example, a wooden cart with flowers and old wheels emphasize the negligence of a rustic or Russian style. A luxurious metal bench with forging elements will suit modern, English or classic styles. The fountain, immersed in flower beds and decorated with sculptures, fits perfectly into the framework of the French style.
Conclusion
Proper organization of space on the site is the key to a beautiful landscape. Designing a design should be perceived as a challenge, an opportunity to show your designer’s talents. You should not faint in advance from the budget of the entire campaign, as many ideas can be implemented independently without the involvement of specialists, whose services will be expensive. Fortunately, the World Wide Web is replete with all sorts of workshops on laying garden paths, creating complex flower beds and installing arbors.
Everyone wants to design their home in accordance with their taste preferences, so that it is beautiful, cozy, laconic or luxurious, fashionable or authentic. But arranging a private cottage or cottage is only half the battle. No matter how beautiful the building may look, it will lose half its charm if it rises in a wasteland - an unfortunate site with a rickety slate fence and sloppy beds in the background. A disappointing picture, right? The design of land with all the attached buildings and sites involved in landscape designers. Although highly specialized designers received wide popularity only in recent years, this profession appeared in antiquity when it became necessary to decorate temple complexes and possessions of wealthy citizens. The project of landscape design of the site can be developed independently.Beginners are often lost and do not know which side to approach the task. In this article, we will give some valuable advice to beginners in landscape design and show by examples what potential this design art hides.
Content
Stages of drawing up a landscape project
Let's start with the simplest, with a brief algorithm for compiling a design project for the improvement of a suburban area. Do not flatter yourself and rely only on paper work with drawings, you will have to explore the property with a tape measure and a camera up and down, but first things first. Design includes the following steps:
Working with a drawing is not necessary on paper.For these purposes, created a lot of online helpers. Visualizers after loading the initial data will offer a rich assortment of “filling” the landscape, among which you just need to choose what you like.
After completing the main work on the project, you can take a walk in the virtual site program, evaluate its merits and find weaknesses that are subject to immediate correction.
Important site features
The most important characteristics of the land, which can greatly affect the design, include:
Also consider the presence of natural objects: ponds, rocky hills, trees.
Designed in accordance with the rules and regulations
First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the standards for maintaining distances between buildings of various types. If you neglect any rule, then after checking by the employees of the fire or sanitary inspection, you will have to not only pay the fine, but also demolish the building and restart the construction work. The list of standards is as follows:
It is necessary to take into account the permissible distances to the site of neighbors from different objects. Tall trees and farm buildings that contain animals should be separated 4 meters from the fence. The house can be built a little closer - just 3 m., And other buildings at a distance of 1 m. Medium-sized trees are planted at a distance of 2 m from the neighbor’s fence, and shrubs - at 1 m.To a greater extent, such standards are established so that large objects do not cast a shadow and do not interfere with other people setting up a garden or vegetable garden. Although the construction of a restroom, a shed for pigs or digging a compost pit next to neighbors is fraught with a violation of sanitary standards, which can lead to contamination of water in their area. You should not hope that they drilled a well at another fence.
Choosing a color palette for landscaping
With the help of colors, you can create a unique design in the most primitive suburban area. Moreover, special financial investments for the formation of a compositional palette of colors will not be required. To make the gamut of colors of individual objects easier, they are grouped into the following categories:
The latter category is equivalent to small decor, if we draw a parallel with the interior design. With its help, the color composition is finally polished, and if necessary, components are easily replaced with others. In fact, the “other elements” express the mood of the owner of the site, while the selection of the remaining details is based on tastes, which, as you know, change only with time.
Popular stylistic trends
All stylistic directions for the design of household plots and summer cottages can be conditionally classified into two groups:
If the first ones were formed over many years and reached us in the form in which they were embodied in different eras, the second group is in constant motion, developing and mutating. Historical styles include Dutch, Japanese, Mediterranean, French, English, Moorish, colonial, Russian and Chinese. The popular group includes hi-tech, minimalism, alpine (landscape analogue of the chalet), modern and eco direction. In the latter case, the plot is formed as naturally as possible, that is, natural asymmetry is welcome. In minimalism, dwarf trees, large spaces and a harmonious arrangement of rare decorative elements are used. Hi-tech obeys strict rules: neat paved paths, simple geometry in the arrangement of small architectural forms, perfectly trimmed shrubs. Art Nouveau is based on the use of smooth lines, rounded corners, the use of modern materials and contrasting combinations of colors and textures. Alpine style is ideal for embossed areas. They are divided into "mountain" gardens, where vegetation alternates with stone twists and rock gardens.
Site zoning
In order for the landscape composition to look neat, without piling up of individual elements, it must be zoned, that is, divided into separate functional areas on which certain objects are combined into groups. The average site includes the following areas:
All areas are isolated from each other using garden paths, fences, flower beds or decorative elements.
Rest zone
The recreation area is designed for large companies and may include:
The recreation area is usually located next to the garden, which provides a beautiful landscape view, and with a playground so that kids can be watched without being distracted from gatherings.
Garden area
A garden and a vegetable garden are traditionally combined into one zone, although it is possible that the beds are planted in one half of the plot, and trees and shrubs are planted in the other. The choice of location for green spaces determines the relief, the depth of groundwater and the type of soil. Experts recommend placing the beds in the "deaf" side of the plot, behind the house, so that the greenhouse garden does not callous eyes and does not spoil the exterior of the house. If the soil for cultivating cucumbers and tomatoes is categorically not suitable, then the situation can be changed with the help of imported soil. The kitchen garden in any case should look neat and well-groomed. To achieve this effect, the so-called "high" beds will help, raised above the rest of the soil and fenced with wooden, plastic, stone fences. The garden can take a variety of forms. Sometimes it is a paradise with exotic flora, as if descended from photos of fashion magazines, and in other cases it is an imitation of a park with fruit and conifer trees planted in rows, with benches for rest and neat paths.
Outbuilding Area
The household buildings include a bathhouse, summer kitchen, sheds for equipment, firewood, buildings where pets are kept. In fact, in this zone are located all the sites on which they perform any work, there is no time to rest here, and therefore the emphasis is on functionality, not beauty. When developing a design project, they pay attention to the color of finishing materials of buildings, their stylistic compliance with the chosen concept and easy decoration with flower beds, paths and fences.
Sports and play area
A sports and playground can include a tennis court, children's slides and swings, a horizontal bar system, and even some types of exercise machines, if the household is fond of exercise in the morning. Its placement is impractical in areas with a small area. In these cases, it is better to limit yourself to compact swings and a slide. Sports and entertainment facilities are traditionally located in the backyard. It usually borders a relaxation area and a garden.
Garden paths and lawn
Garden paths are mainly used for zoning the site. On the sides they are decorated with low fences, border flowerbeds, parterres, ribbon flower beds and mixborders, if the path is adjacent to a blank fence. The tracks are made of pebbles, gravel, large flat stones, wood saw cuts, boards, concrete, brick, pieces of ceramic tiles laid out by mosaic method. The lawn is planted on areas free from buildings, as the grass carpet looks more effective if it occupies a large area. A similar lawn is located on the approaches to the recreation area, in summer it can be used as a field for futsal. In addition to the traditional short-cut lawn, there is also a Moorish version. It does not require special care and is a cute potpourri of field herbs, the height of which sometimes reaches the waist.
Artificial ponds - an element of landscape design
What section does without a reservoir? In rare cases, a brook flows through the property or there is a small natural pond nearby. If the landscape is devoid of natural water veins, then it will be necessary to create their artificial alternative. The most economical option is considered a pond. Minimum care will be required. The pond is populated by aquatic life and sometimes fish. Harmonizes the water structure with minimalism and Japanese style. Pleasant sounds of water murmur will come from fountains and their more complex versions - cascades. To equip such a reservoir, you will have to purchase a special system for pumping water, which will stably "eat" electricity. The more complex the design and the higher its power, the more liquid it can distill. Luxurious homesteads include swimming pools. This personal pond for bathing with a bathhouse is well combined. You can steam in it, and then cool the ardor in the cool water of the pool.
Site Lighting Rules
District lighting is divided into three categories:
Powerful lamps are installed only in the main lighting fixtures. Light, diffused light is enough for decorative sources.
Do not forget about decorative elements
“Cutting” of the landscape of the site is carried out using decorative elements.They do not have a single classification, but conditionally these details can be divided into two large groups:
Flower gardens and various compositions from shrubs and trees are referred to the “live” decor. These can be flower beds, borders, tapeworms, solo plants, mixborders, backstage, topiary, labyrinths, multi-level plantings, rose gardens, arabesques, rock gardens, rockeries, flowerpots. Other decorations include benches, small architectural forms, sculptures, ceramic animal figures, bridges, pergolas, platforms, trellises, arches, garden furniture. The choice of decorative elements directly depends on the style of the site. For example, a wooden cart with flowers and old wheels emphasize the negligence of a rustic or Russian style. A luxurious metal bench with forging elements will suit modern, English or classic styles. The fountain, immersed in flower beds and decorated with sculptures, fits perfectly into the framework of the French style.
Conclusion
Proper organization of space on the site is the key to a beautiful landscape. Designing a design should be perceived as a challenge, an opportunity to show your designer’s talents. You should not faint in advance from the budget of the entire campaign, as many ideas can be implemented independently without the involvement of specialists, whose services will be expensive. Fortunately, the World Wide Web is replete with all sorts of workshops on laying garden paths, creating complex flower beds and installing arbors.