Having your own corner is a bright and sincere dream of every person. Someone buys an already finished building or apartment, others acquire a plot, plan the house, get a building permit. The construction of a new mansion or cottage, although it is associated with temporary difficulties and inconveniences, but the result is worth it.
The completed structure will correspond to the ideas, tastes and wishes of its owner. Near a cozy, warm, large or compact house in the courtyard there can be a bathhouse, a garage, a summer kitchen, a children's playground, a gazebo, flower beds, and other functional, decorative elements. The comfort, amenities of the housing itself will largely depend on a properly designed project.
The construction of a beautiful wooden or brick house is based on an approved project, which includes its layout. Often when drawing up a plan, only current needs are taken into account, which can change from time to time. It is important to understand and remember that the structure will be operated for more than one, two years or even a decade. Over time, the family can grow, new plans, needs, desires will appear, the physical capabilities of the owners will change over the years.
When developing the scheme, it is necessary to adhere not only to existing norms and standards, but also to take into account the functionality of the premises, their rational, optimal placement, so that at a certain stage in life you will not be disappointed in the choice. For example, if it is relevant for a baby to place a children's room with an entrance from the parents bedroom, then as it grows up, such a layout will become unacceptable for all households.
Convenience of living is not affected by the size of the structure, but by the verified location of the interior. Each member of the family should have his own separate corner, where he could be engaged in his favorite, interesting business, without distracting others. Therefore, before contacting an architect, taking a finished project, independently drawing up a sketch, it is necessary to assemble a family council and take into account the opinion of everyone.
In a properly planned house, going from the street, you find yourself in the entrance hall, followed by the living room.
Optimal area of the house
A private house, especially a country house, can be built spacious and comfortable, while spending almost the same amount as for the purchase of an apartment. Depending on the wishes of the owners, the available budget, the number of permanent residents, the size of the rooms, the area of the future structure is determined. Here you can place a separate bedroom for each family member, a spacious living room, dining room, one or more bathrooms, a kitchen, a boiler room, an office, a garage, a billiard room, and other functional rooms.
With unlimited funding, the list is easy to continue. Most citizens rely on certain funds available. Therefore, the list of required rooms should be optimal; only the most necessary rooms should be displayed in it. If this is not done, everything that is desired is included in the project, then in the end there will simply not be enough energy or money to complete the construction, the process will drag on for a long time.
House parameters directly depend on the number of rooms and their sizes. These indicators determine the cost of utility bills. It is necessary to plan the structure very rationally, without constraining the permanent residents. For a comfortable stay, an average of 30 m² is calculated per person.
Everyone can independently determine the necessary size of the structure, however, when drawing up the plan, it is imperative to take into account existing norms and standards specified in SNiP 31-02-2001, RSN 70-88, SNiP 2.08.01-89. If the dimensions of the premises are less than the permissible values, then the project will simply be refused to register with the BTI.
Location of the house on the plot
Before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to perform geological studies of the site, during which the level of groundwater occurrence, soil composition, and landscape features are determined. These data are transferred to the architect, considered independently.The choice of building materials, the possibility of including in the project a basement located under the house, leading to the construction of underground utilities, depends on them.
When planning the placement of a house on a site, they first look at the approved rules. For example, in SP 30-102-99 in paragraph 5.3.2, the distances from a residential building, the red line of streets, and driveways are clearly defined. In the first case, it is 5 m, in the second - 3 m. The outbuildings for both options should be at least 5 m apart. In paragraph 5.3.4. all indents from the neighboring site and the buildings located on it are identified. The code also indicates the norms for all household buildings and outbuildings located on the territory.
An important factor is the location of the house relative to the cardinal points. The optimal placement will be when the windows face the south, southwest, southeast side. In the north direction there should be a blank wall, non-residential rooms with small window openings. This will provide not only good natural lighting in the daytime, but also allow you to keep warm in the winter.
Ceiling height planning in projects
The calculation of this parameter is made taking into account the minimum values specified in SNiP 2.08.01-89 in paragraph 1.1., Where it is stipulated that the distance from the floor to the ceiling should be at least 2.5 m, and for residential buildings for social purposes no more than 2, 8 m and 3.0 m, the height of the indoor corridors is from 2.1 m. According to SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.5, the height of the kitchen, as well as the living quarters, is at least 2.5 m, in some cases determined by the developer, more than 2 , 3 m, in the corridors - from 2.1 m.
Given the established rules, the homeowner needs to decide what height will be optimal for him. Too low ceilings will visually reduce space, causing depression and discomfort. Too much distance will spoil the look of any room, it will be difficult to care for the ceiling, during construction more materials will be left, the heated area will increase.
In order not to create a feeling of emptiness in the room, and to spend time here comfortably and comfortably, it is advisable to find a middle ground, choose the optimal parameter within 2.5 - 3.2 m. In this case, you should take into account the height of the person, the area of the rooms, the type of ceiling finishes and electrical appliances, personal preferences of all family members.
Window layout of a country house
To comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, according to SNiP 31-02-2001, clause 8.9 on the provision of natural lighting, the ratio between window openings and floor area for the kitchen and residential premises should be more than 1 part to 8, respectively, for attic floors - at least 1 :10. There are no restrictions on the size of windows. In some cases, it is appropriate to install large modern double-glazed windows without worrying about the possible loss of heat.
When arranging window openings, it is worth considering the cardinal points. For example, for the bedroom and the nursery, the eastern direction is the best option, in the kitchen and bathroom - the north, in the living room - the east and south, for the corridor and the boiler room - the west. This is due to the specifics of the rooms. Sun rays do not fall into the windows facing the north, while there is an excess of them in the southern structures.
A large number of windows will provide not only illumination and fresh air, but also a view into the courtyard. There is an opportunity to observe what is happening on the street, the actions of children, passers-by. If the area allows, it is advisable to plan instead of one large window several, even non-standard ones, the appearance of the building will only benefit from this, but do not overdo it.
Choosing a house project
Unlike standard apartments located in multi-storey buildings, your own residential building can have any number of rooms, be one-story, two-story, even there are buildings on three floors. Many prefer models with a veranda, a balcony, a terrace, and attach various functional structures next to each other. At the same time, dwellings differ in shape. There are square, rectangular, options with a non-standard layout.
The plan can include an attic and ground floor.In the space located under the roof, they usually equip a bedroom, a nursery, an office, a bathroom. The basement is mainly used for household needs, various communications are placed here, a billiard or sports hall, a garage or a boiler room are designed.
The size and number of storeys of housing is affected by the area of the site, the number of people living in it. Large families of several generations give preference to two-story buildings, providing comfort and a separate location for all households. If the family is small, then compact construction will be enough.
Cottage
It is easier to build and plan one-story housing than multi-level models. Large buildings are suitable for people who own a corresponding land area, as well as for friendly families. The building must contain a standard list of rooms:
vestibule;
hallway;
living room;
kitchen;
a bathroom;
boiler room;
bedrooms;
utility rooms.
When drawing up a project, it is advisable to adhere to certain recommendations and rules:
The kitchen and bathroom should be located as close to each other as possible, or at least along one wall. This will simplify, properly organize plumbing communications, provide an angle of inclination of pipes used for sewage disposal.
When planning, it is necessary to exclude the presence of walk-through rooms, so that in all rooms it is comfortable and cozy.
Windows should be placed on the cardinal points for each room, according to its features.
Ancillary and technical premises must be separated from residential, to allocate a separate place for them.
When planning the attic, it is necessary to rationally place the staircase so that it does not interfere with free movement.
Two-storey house
On a small area, the construction of a large one-story housing becomes impossible and irrational.Even in large areas it will be appropriate to erect a structure of several floors, especially this is a good choice for a large family. When constructing a two-story house, the owner receives the following advantages:
saving space on the site;
good overview of the surroundings;
the ability to add a balcony to the plan;
rationally distribute residential and utility rooms.
Such a structure is not without small flaws:
construction costs will increase due to the reinforced foundation, which must withstand significant loads;
it will be necessary to provide for the presence of a staircase structure, which will take up the usable area.
Particular attention must be paid to the interfloor ceilings and walls, they must be strengthened.
When planning rooms, utility rooms, they should be correctly divided between floors. Usually on the ground floor there is a vestibule, an entrance hall, a living room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a bathroom, and a flight of stairs. If the area of the building allows, then you can still add an office, dining room, guest bedroom. The second floor is mainly used for bedrooms, nurseries, a hall, a wardrobe, sometimes an additional bathroom is installed.
House with an attic
The equipment of the attic space for housing needs allows you to increase the useful area of the structure. This is a budget option, which is an alternative to two-story structures. The construction has a relatively low weight, which allows saving on the foundation. Usually in the attic they place a bedroom, a nursery, an office.
When arranging the space under the roof, special attention must be paid to insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier. The temperature in the room will depend on these actions, both with a daily change in temperature and seasonal. Tilted windows should be equipped with special double-glazed windows to create good lighting.
However, such a floor is not without drawbacks, namely:
difficulties associated with the arrangement of the heating system;
inconvenient interior decoration due to inclined walls;
high energy costs;
psychological pressure;
difficult repairs and maintenance.
Two Room House
A compact house is quite suitable for a small family of two. To draw up a project, you can consider the layout of standard apartments in a high-rise building. In the plan it is necessary to rationally arrange the two main rooms, allocating the largest area under them. In some cases it will be convenient to combine the kitchen with the living room, which will be simultaneously used as a dining room.
In a small building, a bathroom, boiler room, kitchen should be on one side of the building, and the living quarters are separated by a corridor. It is convenient to use mezzanines, pantries, space under upholstered furniture, chairs for storing things. An extra bed should be provided in the hall, a folding sofa or bed that can be hidden in a niche should be installed.
When erecting a two-story house, two main rooms are equipped from above, from below there is an additional place for expanding the kitchen space, placing a full wardrobe. In the enlarged hallway, instead of a hanger, there is a wardrobe.
Three Room House
The construction, consisting of three rooms, can be called full. It can easily accommodate a family with two children. There are a lot of projects of three-room buildings. There are options with a walk-in living room, from which you can get into two bedrooms and a kitchen. But it is better to give preference to models with a separate arrangement of rooms, so that all households, guests staying at night, feel comfortable.
The only difference from the two-bedroom house is the presence of another bedroom. Accordingly, the area of the house will increase by at least 8 square meters. It’s better to place the entrance hall in the center of the structure so that it divides it into two equal parts. On the one hand, you can arrange two bedrooms, on the other a hall, a kitchen, a bathroom, a boiler room, a closet.If there is an attic, the living room is transferred to the upper floor.
The arrangement of rooms in the house
The many years of experience of architects, like most ordinary citizens, shows that it is undesirable to use passage rooms in the house, and it is necessary to plan and build housing not only taking into account current needs, but also take into account plans for the future. When drawing up a drawing, certain rules and recommendations should be adhered to, namely:
The optimal shape of any room, including the kitchen and the bathroom, should be as close as possible to the square.
Do not save on the area of the bathroom, kitchen room.
For each child, it is better to equip a separate bedroom, especially if they have a big age difference or have a different gender.
In two-story buildings, the lower tier is given to the older generation. Also, when planning a guest should provide an extra bed or the possibility of converting the entire room into a bedroom.
The number of corridors should be reduced, since they occupy a usable area.
The size of the rooms is determined by their functionality, personal preferences. Their parameters should not be less than the minimum specified in regulatory documents.
Corridor
According to SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.4. the width of the anteroom should be at least 1.4 m, of the interior corridors - from 0.85 m. Given these data, as well as the fact that all the furniture is brought in through this room, its optimal area is selected. For small buildings, it is advisable to combine the hallway with the living room, attach a small vestibule in front of the entrance.
The hall is best located in the center of the facade. Thus, he will divide the structure into two parts, from it it will be possible to get into all rooms in the house. For two-story options, the hallway should be shifted to a corner, then around it you can plan a staircase to the second floor. It’s convenient to place a wardrobe for street clothes and shoes, to place a large mirror.
Kitchen
In clause 2.7.SNiP 2.08.01-89 the width of the kitchen should be at least 1.7 m, and an area of more than 6 m². This will be enough for the cooking area. But for its reception, it is better to provide at least 10 m². It is also convenient to combine the premises with the living room, instead of partitions, make zoning using a bar counter.
It is necessary to arrange the room, taking into account plumbing communications, closer to the bathroom. Here you should consider a good ventilation system, install a hood. In the kitchen space is not worth saving. In a spacious room it will be convenient to cook and gather as a family for dinner.
Living room
The minimum area of the common living room established by regulatory documents is 12 m². It can be combined with a corridor and a kitchen. With this arrangement, its quadrature should be approximately three times the size of the kitchen area. With the correct layout of the house, the entrance leads to the hall, which is located in the central part of the cottage.
The room should be the largest in the house. Here guests are usually welcomed, if necessary they are left overnight, the residents themselves spend their leisure time. One of the main requirements is good lighting, so several large windows are installed in the room, a chandelier is placed on the ceiling, and additional electrical appliances are provided.
Bedrooms
The same SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.4. states that the sleeping room should be larger than 8 m². The size is determined depending on who will spend the night in the room, the amount of planned furniture. Parents will need more space, as many here equip wardrobes, allocate a place to work, hang a TV on the wall, and install a computer.
The guest bedroom requires less floor space. The nursery provides a play and working area for the student, and several kids can live in it. The rooms must be located separately from the rest.In a two-story compact house for this purpose you can use the whole floor. It is better to plan the windows eastward, which will make the bedroom bright, it will not overheat in the summer.
Bath and toilet
According to the standard, the width of the bathroom starts from 1.5 m, the restroom from 0.8 m, its depth - from 1.2 m. The best option is to isolate the rooms with partitions. But in small houses it would be advisable to equip a joint bathroom. For aesthetic reasons, rooms cannot be located in the central part of the structure, and the entrance to them should not be viewed from the living room.
When equipping a two-story house with sanitary facilities, it must be borne in mind that the place for natural needs should not be above the living room. At the same time, on the ground floor they usually install a full-fledged separate bathroom, and on the second floor they combine, instead of a bath they put a shower.
Utility premises
Utility rooms are placed depending on their purpose. For example: a pantry for edible stocks, blanks, kitchen utensils, it is better to place it near the kitchen, a dressing room in the bedroom or hall, ironing in the living room, an automatic machine can generally be placed in the hallway, hiding it in a closet or niche.
To achieve this goal, you can use unpromising places, for example, the space under the stairs. That will make it possible to save usable space. In the garage, dry basement, you can provide a separate utility room for storing various items that are rarely used.
Distribution of space in houses of various types
The construction of large, bulky mansions and cottages is an overhead task, it requires significant investments, further expenses for maintenance and upkeep. Most people choose compact structures that include everything necessary for life.There are two ways to design a house: define its perimeter and fill the interior space with rooms, or first make a list of rooms, and then draw the boundaries of the structure. You can perform actions yourself using AutoCAD, draw in an online program.
There are many plans and various configurations of buildings, but among them there are several typical layouts: 6x6; 8x8; 10x10. In this case, the structures may have:
second floor;
the attic;
basement or basement;
garage.
Type 6 to 6
Convenient layout of a compact house in which you can place only two living rooms, a kitchen, an entrance hall and a bathroom. The option is chosen by many summer residents. It is convenient to live here for a family without children or with one small child. If the building is used only as a country house, then it will be an ideal place to relax a small company. The townspeople living in Khrushchev, one-room apartments are used to small rooms.
It is advisable to build two-story buildings or with an attic. At the top you can equip the living room and study, and below there is a place for two bedrooms. Or vice versa, take out two bedrooms on the second floor. Before the entrance to the house looks great terrace, which will serve as a summer kitchen. To save space, the restroom can be equipped on the street.
Type 8 to 8
A 64 m² cottage is easier to plan. The project can include: a kitchen, two bedrooms, a small living room, a bathroom, an entrance hall, utility rooms. Such a structure is suitable for a full-fledged family of 4 people. It would be useful to combine the kitchen with the hall, which will be additionally used as a dining room.
The location of the rooms largely depends on the purpose of the building. For a country house used for recreation, it is enough to equip the kitchen space, a hall, a bathroom, a steam room, a bedroom. During the construction of a two-story building, the number of premises will increase significantly.Above you can place 2-3 bedrooms and a balcony, an office, a separate wardrobe. Below, space is also freed up for the garage, dining room, and other functional areas.
Type 10 to 10
A one-story house with such dimensions will be self-sufficient. It is easy to arrange a kitchen, a living room, a bedroom and two nurseries, a vestibule, an entrance hall, a boiler room, and there is even a place for an office. If there is an attic, it is possible to move the rooms of children into it, and in the vacated space to organize an additional relaxation area, steam room, sauna.
If the plan provides for a second floor, then the house will become suitable for several generations of residents and large families. At the same time, on the ground floor you can arrange a separate bedroom for the oldest generation, a hall in which they can relax and play with their grandchildren, a kitchen and a separate bathroom. Top you can equip a living room, 2-3 bedrooms for children, one for parents, a workplace. There is enough living space for any wishes of the owners.
Styles and colors for home decoration
When decorating houses, you can use three main areas: modern, classic, ethnic. The main requirement - you can not mix them together. Let's consider them in more detail:
Modern:
Minimalism. The lining uses white color, natural raw materials with a light shade. Things at least, all functional.
Scandinavian. The color base is a white shade, light wood, as an accent - dark and bright colors. There are a lot of light textiles and accessories in the design.
Loft. We use natural materials, unfinished products, brickwork, protruding pipes, distinguished beams and columns. To simulate concrete, decorative plaster is used.
Classical:
Modern. Smooth lines for furniture and cladding. The interior is characterized by many accessories devoid of luxury. The palette is expressed in natural shades.
Provence. It is characterized by comfort. Interior design uses a lot of pastel colored textiles.The priority is a bronze tint.
Gothic. Suitable for homes with high ceilings. The design uses dark shades. Stained-glass windows, carved elements, candles are welcome.
Ethnic:
English. The decoration uses gray and dark green colors. Natural wood furniture with carved elements.
Mediterranean. Only light shades are applicable. Large windows are used. The interior is characterized by good lighting.
African. A great option for decorating the space. In the lining used leather, fur, bamboo. Desert colors predominate.
How to expand the space in a small house
Owners of small houses can increase the space visually, use special items to free up the missing square meters, combine several functional areas in one room. Any of the options will help make housing more comfortable and cozy.
To free up an already small area, you can install folding sofas, beds that are tidy in a niche, equip mezzanines, and install open shelves. The TV can be placed on the wall. Use the space under upholstered furniture to store different things.
To visually enlarge the room, a mirror wall is made, more windows are installed, light colors are used in the decoration, artificial lighting is used. Physically, you can increase the living space by adding a simple veranda. If you combine the kitchen with the living room, then the second will serve as a dining room.
Conclusion
The layout of the house is an important moment in the life of any person, which is accompanied by worries and difficulties. To begin with, he needs to choose a site, conduct geological exploration, draw up a project, and then coordinate it in different state structures, get all the permits for construction, communications. But the result is worth it, because the house is the dream of the owner who decided to build it.
Having your own corner is a bright and sincere dream of every person. Someone buys an already finished building or apartment, others acquire a plot, plan the house, get a building permit. The construction of a new mansion or cottage, although it is associated with temporary difficulties and inconveniences, but the result is worth it.
The completed structure will correspond to the ideas, tastes and wishes of its owner. Near a cozy, warm, large or compact house in the courtyard there can be a bathhouse, a garage, a summer kitchen, a children's playground, a gazebo, flower beds, and other functional, decorative elements. The comfort, amenities of the housing itself will largely depend on a properly designed project.
Content
Features of planning during design
The construction of a beautiful wooden or brick house is based on an approved project, which includes its layout. Often when drawing up a plan, only current needs are taken into account, which can change from time to time. It is important to understand and remember that the structure will be operated for more than one, two years or even a decade. Over time, the family can grow, new plans, needs, desires will appear, the physical capabilities of the owners will change over the years.
When developing the scheme, it is necessary to adhere not only to existing norms and standards, but also to take into account the functionality of the premises, their rational, optimal placement, so that at a certain stage in life you will not be disappointed in the choice. For example, if it is relevant for a baby to place a children's room with an entrance from the parents bedroom, then as it grows up, such a layout will become unacceptable for all households.
Convenience of living is not affected by the size of the structure, but by the verified location of the interior. Each member of the family should have his own separate corner, where he could be engaged in his favorite, interesting business, without distracting others. Therefore, before contacting an architect, taking a finished project, independently drawing up a sketch, it is necessary to assemble a family council and take into account the opinion of everyone.
Optimal area of the house
A private house, especially a country house, can be built spacious and comfortable, while spending almost the same amount as for the purchase of an apartment. Depending on the wishes of the owners, the available budget, the number of permanent residents, the size of the rooms, the area of the future structure is determined. Here you can place a separate bedroom for each family member, a spacious living room, dining room, one or more bathrooms, a kitchen, a boiler room, an office, a garage, a billiard room, and other functional rooms.
With unlimited funding, the list is easy to continue. Most citizens rely on certain funds available. Therefore, the list of required rooms should be optimal; only the most necessary rooms should be displayed in it. If this is not done, everything that is desired is included in the project, then in the end there will simply not be enough energy or money to complete the construction, the process will drag on for a long time.
House parameters directly depend on the number of rooms and their sizes. These indicators determine the cost of utility bills. It is necessary to plan the structure very rationally, without constraining the permanent residents. For a comfortable stay, an average of 30 m² is calculated per person.
Location of the house on the plot
Before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to perform geological studies of the site, during which the level of groundwater occurrence, soil composition, and landscape features are determined. These data are transferred to the architect, considered independently.The choice of building materials, the possibility of including in the project a basement located under the house, leading to the construction of underground utilities, depends on them.
When planning the placement of a house on a site, they first look at the approved rules. For example, in SP 30-102-99 in paragraph 5.3.2, the distances from a residential building, the red line of streets, and driveways are clearly defined. In the first case, it is 5 m, in the second - 3 m. The outbuildings for both options should be at least 5 m apart. In paragraph 5.3.4. all indents from the neighboring site and the buildings located on it are identified. The code also indicates the norms for all household buildings and outbuildings located on the territory.
An important factor is the location of the house relative to the cardinal points. The optimal placement will be when the windows face the south, southwest, southeast side. In the north direction there should be a blank wall, non-residential rooms with small window openings. This will provide not only good natural lighting in the daytime, but also allow you to keep warm in the winter.
Ceiling height planning in projects
The calculation of this parameter is made taking into account the minimum values specified in SNiP 2.08.01-89 in paragraph 1.1., Where it is stipulated that the distance from the floor to the ceiling should be at least 2.5 m, and for residential buildings for social purposes no more than 2, 8 m and 3.0 m, the height of the indoor corridors is from 2.1 m. According to SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.5, the height of the kitchen, as well as the living quarters, is at least 2.5 m, in some cases determined by the developer, more than 2 , 3 m, in the corridors - from 2.1 m.
Given the established rules, the homeowner needs to decide what height will be optimal for him. Too low ceilings will visually reduce space, causing depression and discomfort. Too much distance will spoil the look of any room, it will be difficult to care for the ceiling, during construction more materials will be left, the heated area will increase.
In order not to create a feeling of emptiness in the room, and to spend time here comfortably and comfortably, it is advisable to find a middle ground, choose the optimal parameter within 2.5 - 3.2 m. In this case, you should take into account the height of the person, the area of the rooms, the type of ceiling finishes and electrical appliances, personal preferences of all family members.
Window layout of a country house
To comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, according to SNiP 31-02-2001, clause 8.9 on the provision of natural lighting, the ratio between window openings and floor area for the kitchen and residential premises should be more than 1 part to 8, respectively, for attic floors - at least 1 :10. There are no restrictions on the size of windows. In some cases, it is appropriate to install large modern double-glazed windows without worrying about the possible loss of heat.
When arranging window openings, it is worth considering the cardinal points. For example, for the bedroom and the nursery, the eastern direction is the best option, in the kitchen and bathroom - the north, in the living room - the east and south, for the corridor and the boiler room - the west. This is due to the specifics of the rooms. Sun rays do not fall into the windows facing the north, while there is an excess of them in the southern structures.
A large number of windows will provide not only illumination and fresh air, but also a view into the courtyard. There is an opportunity to observe what is happening on the street, the actions of children, passers-by. If the area allows, it is advisable to plan instead of one large window several, even non-standard ones, the appearance of the building will only benefit from this, but do not overdo it.
Choosing a house project
Unlike standard apartments located in multi-storey buildings, your own residential building can have any number of rooms, be one-story, two-story, even there are buildings on three floors. Many prefer models with a veranda, a balcony, a terrace, and attach various functional structures next to each other. At the same time, dwellings differ in shape. There are square, rectangular, options with a non-standard layout.
The plan can include an attic and ground floor.In the space located under the roof, they usually equip a bedroom, a nursery, an office, a bathroom. The basement is mainly used for household needs, various communications are placed here, a billiard or sports hall, a garage or a boiler room are designed.
The size and number of storeys of housing is affected by the area of the site, the number of people living in it. Large families of several generations give preference to two-story buildings, providing comfort and a separate location for all households. If the family is small, then compact construction will be enough.
Cottage
It is easier to build and plan one-story housing than multi-level models. Large buildings are suitable for people who own a corresponding land area, as well as for friendly families. The building must contain a standard list of rooms:
When drawing up a project, it is advisable to adhere to certain recommendations and rules:
Two-storey house
On a small area, the construction of a large one-story housing becomes impossible and irrational.Even in large areas it will be appropriate to erect a structure of several floors, especially this is a good choice for a large family. When constructing a two-story house, the owner receives the following advantages:
Such a structure is not without small flaws:
When planning rooms, utility rooms, they should be correctly divided between floors. Usually on the ground floor there is a vestibule, an entrance hall, a living room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a bathroom, and a flight of stairs. If the area of the building allows, then you can still add an office, dining room, guest bedroom. The second floor is mainly used for bedrooms, nurseries, a hall, a wardrobe, sometimes an additional bathroom is installed.
House with an attic
The equipment of the attic space for housing needs allows you to increase the useful area of the structure. This is a budget option, which is an alternative to two-story structures. The construction has a relatively low weight, which allows saving on the foundation. Usually in the attic they place a bedroom, a nursery, an office.
When arranging the space under the roof, special attention must be paid to insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier. The temperature in the room will depend on these actions, both with a daily change in temperature and seasonal. Tilted windows should be equipped with special double-glazed windows to create good lighting.
However, such a floor is not without drawbacks, namely:
Two Room House
A compact house is quite suitable for a small family of two. To draw up a project, you can consider the layout of standard apartments in a high-rise building. In the plan it is necessary to rationally arrange the two main rooms, allocating the largest area under them. In some cases it will be convenient to combine the kitchen with the living room, which will be simultaneously used as a dining room.
In a small building, a bathroom, boiler room, kitchen should be on one side of the building, and the living quarters are separated by a corridor. It is convenient to use mezzanines, pantries, space under upholstered furniture, chairs for storing things. An extra bed should be provided in the hall, a folding sofa or bed that can be hidden in a niche should be installed.
When erecting a two-story house, two main rooms are equipped from above, from below there is an additional place for expanding the kitchen space, placing a full wardrobe. In the enlarged hallway, instead of a hanger, there is a wardrobe.
Three Room House
The construction, consisting of three rooms, can be called full. It can easily accommodate a family with two children. There are a lot of projects of three-room buildings. There are options with a walk-in living room, from which you can get into two bedrooms and a kitchen. But it is better to give preference to models with a separate arrangement of rooms, so that all households, guests staying at night, feel comfortable.
The only difference from the two-bedroom house is the presence of another bedroom. Accordingly, the area of the house will increase by at least 8 square meters. It’s better to place the entrance hall in the center of the structure so that it divides it into two equal parts. On the one hand, you can arrange two bedrooms, on the other a hall, a kitchen, a bathroom, a boiler room, a closet.If there is an attic, the living room is transferred to the upper floor.
The arrangement of rooms in the house
The many years of experience of architects, like most ordinary citizens, shows that it is undesirable to use passage rooms in the house, and it is necessary to plan and build housing not only taking into account current needs, but also take into account plans for the future. When drawing up a drawing, certain rules and recommendations should be adhered to, namely:
Corridor
According to SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.4. the width of the anteroom should be at least 1.4 m, of the interior corridors - from 0.85 m. Given these data, as well as the fact that all the furniture is brought in through this room, its optimal area is selected. For small buildings, it is advisable to combine the hallway with the living room, attach a small vestibule in front of the entrance.
The hall is best located in the center of the facade. Thus, he will divide the structure into two parts, from it it will be possible to get into all rooms in the house. For two-story options, the hallway should be shifted to a corner, then around it you can plan a staircase to the second floor. It’s convenient to place a wardrobe for street clothes and shoes, to place a large mirror.
Kitchen
In clause 2.7.SNiP 2.08.01-89 the width of the kitchen should be at least 1.7 m, and an area of more than 6 m². This will be enough for the cooking area. But for its reception, it is better to provide at least 10 m². It is also convenient to combine the premises with the living room, instead of partitions, make zoning using a bar counter.
It is necessary to arrange the room, taking into account plumbing communications, closer to the bathroom. Here you should consider a good ventilation system, install a hood. In the kitchen space is not worth saving. In a spacious room it will be convenient to cook and gather as a family for dinner.
Living room
The minimum area of the common living room established by regulatory documents is 12 m². It can be combined with a corridor and a kitchen. With this arrangement, its quadrature should be approximately three times the size of the kitchen area. With the correct layout of the house, the entrance leads to the hall, which is located in the central part of the cottage.
The room should be the largest in the house. Here guests are usually welcomed, if necessary they are left overnight, the residents themselves spend their leisure time. One of the main requirements is good lighting, so several large windows are installed in the room, a chandelier is placed on the ceiling, and additional electrical appliances are provided.
Bedrooms
The same SNiP 31-02-2001 p. 4.4. states that the sleeping room should be larger than 8 m². The size is determined depending on who will spend the night in the room, the amount of planned furniture. Parents will need more space, as many here equip wardrobes, allocate a place to work, hang a TV on the wall, and install a computer.
The guest bedroom requires less floor space. The nursery provides a play and working area for the student, and several kids can live in it. The rooms must be located separately from the rest.In a two-story compact house for this purpose you can use the whole floor. It is better to plan the windows eastward, which will make the bedroom bright, it will not overheat in the summer.
Bath and toilet
According to the standard, the width of the bathroom starts from 1.5 m, the restroom from 0.8 m, its depth - from 1.2 m. The best option is to isolate the rooms with partitions. But in small houses it would be advisable to equip a joint bathroom. For aesthetic reasons, rooms cannot be located in the central part of the structure, and the entrance to them should not be viewed from the living room.
When equipping a two-story house with sanitary facilities, it must be borne in mind that the place for natural needs should not be above the living room. At the same time, on the ground floor they usually install a full-fledged separate bathroom, and on the second floor they combine, instead of a bath they put a shower.
Utility premises
Utility rooms are placed depending on their purpose. For example: a pantry for edible stocks, blanks, kitchen utensils, it is better to place it near the kitchen, a dressing room in the bedroom or hall, ironing in the living room, an automatic machine can generally be placed in the hallway, hiding it in a closet or niche.
To achieve this goal, you can use unpromising places, for example, the space under the stairs. That will make it possible to save usable space. In the garage, dry basement, you can provide a separate utility room for storing various items that are rarely used.
Distribution of space in houses of various types
The construction of large, bulky mansions and cottages is an overhead task, it requires significant investments, further expenses for maintenance and upkeep. Most people choose compact structures that include everything necessary for life.There are two ways to design a house: define its perimeter and fill the interior space with rooms, or first make a list of rooms, and then draw the boundaries of the structure. You can perform actions yourself using AutoCAD, draw in an online program.
There are many plans and various configurations of buildings, but among them there are several typical layouts: 6x6; 8x8; 10x10. In this case, the structures may have:
Type 6 to 6
Convenient layout of a compact house in which you can place only two living rooms, a kitchen, an entrance hall and a bathroom. The option is chosen by many summer residents. It is convenient to live here for a family without children or with one small child. If the building is used only as a country house, then it will be an ideal place to relax a small company. The townspeople living in Khrushchev, one-room apartments are used to small rooms.
It is advisable to build two-story buildings or with an attic. At the top you can equip the living room and study, and below there is a place for two bedrooms. Or vice versa, take out two bedrooms on the second floor. Before the entrance to the house looks great terrace, which will serve as a summer kitchen. To save space, the restroom can be equipped on the street.
Type 8 to 8
A 64 m² cottage is easier to plan. The project can include: a kitchen, two bedrooms, a small living room, a bathroom, an entrance hall, utility rooms. Such a structure is suitable for a full-fledged family of 4 people. It would be useful to combine the kitchen with the hall, which will be additionally used as a dining room.
The location of the rooms largely depends on the purpose of the building. For a country house used for recreation, it is enough to equip the kitchen space, a hall, a bathroom, a steam room, a bedroom. During the construction of a two-story building, the number of premises will increase significantly.Above you can place 2-3 bedrooms and a balcony, an office, a separate wardrobe. Below, space is also freed up for the garage, dining room, and other functional areas.
Type 10 to 10
A one-story house with such dimensions will be self-sufficient. It is easy to arrange a kitchen, a living room, a bedroom and two nurseries, a vestibule, an entrance hall, a boiler room, and there is even a place for an office. If there is an attic, it is possible to move the rooms of children into it, and in the vacated space to organize an additional relaxation area, steam room, sauna.
If the plan provides for a second floor, then the house will become suitable for several generations of residents and large families. At the same time, on the ground floor you can arrange a separate bedroom for the oldest generation, a hall in which they can relax and play with their grandchildren, a kitchen and a separate bathroom. Top you can equip a living room, 2-3 bedrooms for children, one for parents, a workplace. There is enough living space for any wishes of the owners.
Styles and colors for home decoration
When decorating houses, you can use three main areas: modern, classic, ethnic. The main requirement - you can not mix them together. Let's consider them in more detail:
Modern:
Classical:
Ethnic:
How to expand the space in a small house
Owners of small houses can increase the space visually, use special items to free up the missing square meters, combine several functional areas in one room. Any of the options will help make housing more comfortable and cozy.
To free up an already small area, you can install folding sofas, beds that are tidy in a niche, equip mezzanines, and install open shelves. The TV can be placed on the wall. Use the space under upholstered furniture to store different things.
To visually enlarge the room, a mirror wall is made, more windows are installed, light colors are used in the decoration, artificial lighting is used. Physically, you can increase the living space by adding a simple veranda. If you combine the kitchen with the living room, then the second will serve as a dining room.
Conclusion
The layout of the house is an important moment in the life of any person, which is accompanied by worries and difficulties. To begin with, he needs to choose a site, conduct geological exploration, draw up a project, and then coordinate it in different state structures, get all the permits for construction, communications. But the result is worth it, because the house is the dream of the owner who decided to build it.