Awnings to the house: overview of species and a master class
A canopy is a roof located on supports. This is an insulated stationary structure designed to protect the local area from atmospheric precipitation, rays emanating from the sun. Often used to park a car, in the summer you can place a table under it, organize a relaxation area in the shade.
The manufacture of the canopy can be made in different ways. They differ in roof construction, materials used, installation method (attached, supporting-cantilever).
The extension to the house must be functional, consistent with the exterior of the structure. A properly planned canopy will protect not only from rain, sunlight, it will be a beautiful addition to the overall design of the building. There are several types of roof construction, it can be:
Straight. Used to protect vehicles from precipitation. It can be installed on terraces, serve as an additional decoration of the entrance to the house;
Downhill. They are divided into single-pitched, gable. Planes are made at an angle to drain water and snow. The slope is located on the leeward side, this reduces the possibility of disruption of the roof;
Curly. Dome, arched, tent, and compositionally complex constructions are used.
Depending on the method of construction, the canopies are divided into separate, attached, supporting-cantilever. According to the installation option and method of attachment, they can be divided into:
Supporting. Install vertically or at an angle to the wall on the supports. They have different sizes, are built from any materials: wood, metal, stone.
Cantilever. Using special pendants, the structure is fixed directly to the wall. To reduce pressure on the facade of the house, use lightweight materials for the manufacture of canopies, which serve as protection of windows and doors from atmospheric precipitation.
Materials used for the construction of the canopy
When choosing building materials for the construction of load-bearing elements, flooring, certain requirements must be observed. The type of annex should correspond to the general nature of the structure. The product must be durable, have resistance to mechanical damage. Racks should be made of wear-resistant materials that have corrosion protection. To reduce the load on the supports, light coatings are chosen.It takes into account such a fact as the bandwidth of sunlight.
Materials for the frame and supports
The frame is the main structural element, it carries the entire load, so durable materials are used in its manufacture. It consists of separate parts fastened together (beams, supports, trusses, rods). The main materials for this basis are:
Metal. The skeleton is assembled from metal, galvanized pipes, profile. Joints are joined by welding, special rivets. The frame may have a complex shape, contain forging elements. Installation of metal structures can be done with your own hands, while working does not require a lot of building experience. To prevent corrosion to which metal products are subject, they are coated with a primer layer and painted. Among the advantages of such bases can be distinguished increased strength, reliability, long life, resistance to environmental influences. Of the disadvantages - susceptibility to oxidation, with improper processing or its absence.
Tree. A wooden box is constructed of logs, timber. For lathing, rails, lining, boards are used. The material is easy to process, is environmentally friendly, natural. The disadvantages include the weak resistance of the raw materials to the environment. It can absorb moisture or dry out, while the wood is deformed. The tree is susceptible to decay, is highly flammable, and serves as a breeding ground for various insects. To avoid negative effects, the wood is varnished, special solutions, painted.
Forged supports. The most expensive type of frame is comparable in cost to stainless steel supports that are welded with special welding - argon. The skeleton can consist entirely of forged parts, they can complement other designs. It is characterized by durability, a special, unique look.Elements can be relatively lightweight, while still having good flexibility.
Stone or brick. You can find brick frames, very rarely made of stone. Such a basis is used for fundamental construction. It is characterized by durability and strength. Stone structures have been erected for a very long time, however, in terms of characteristics, they significantly exceed the different properties of analogues.
You should not erect a wooden canopy over the barbecue, a barbecue, the tree near the fire can heat up and deform, catch fire.
Methods for attaching a wooden frame
Awnings having a wooden skeleton can be fixed with the edge directly to the facade of the structure, and the second lie on the load-bearing beams. Not all designs are attached to the wall, they can only stand on the supporting posts. Small cornices can be mounted directly to the wall.
The first thing to do is to fix the supporting logs, beams. They can be installed in several ways: concreted, fixed to the screed, concrete, wooden base with a metal thrust bearing.
In the presence of a supporting beam located vertically, markings are applied to the wall of the structure, along which the support is fixed with self-tapping screws. To strengthen such a structure, it is supplemented with special triangular structures supporting the floor beams.
The fastening of the rails to the supporting poles is carried out with the help of nails, screws, screws, galvanized metal plates. Also in the racks make special grooves on both sides, which are attached to the support beams. Corners reinforce with metal jumpers, corners.
Materials for the roof
The construction market offers a wide variety of roofing used in the construction of awnings. You can cover the roof with polycarbonate, acrylic glass, metal, other sheet materials. Each type of skin has its own characteristics. To do this, get acquainted with the most popular coatings:
Metal profile
Metal profiles - another name for professional flooring, professional sheet. It is a steel profiled sheet with galvanized coating. Roofing corrugated board is made more rigid so that it withstands the load from the snow that has fallen, as well as the roof sheeting is different in the way of connection - docking is done with an overlap. The metal profile covers the roofs of a private house, cottages, gazebos, terraces, garages, hangars, visors, even used as a fence. When using corrugated board, they get a solid structure that does not allow moisture and sunlight to pass through. The material is light weight and low cost. When mounting requires a flat surface. It is not recommended to walk on it, as dents may appear on it. If cracks appear during installation, they should be painted over, otherwise the sheet will begin to rust. Also, the professional sheet is distinguished by low sound insulation, thermal insulation.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate - a good option for covering the veranda, pool, outbuildings. The material is durable, it can be used in all climatic zones. Several types of this raw material are produced, each of which has characteristic differences:
Cellular is the most common. It has a cellular structure of different sizes. It is covered with a special layer of film, which is glued to the front side and protects it from sunlight;
Monolithic - rarely used, a reinforced frame is required, which significantly increases the cost of the structure as a whole;
Profiled - made of monolithic sheets. It has increased resistance to bending.
Polycarbonate is a synthetic raw material. It is characterized by low weight, high strength, and is resistant to precipitation. The material is transparent, comparable to glass. It is soundproof, due to the presence of a special coating does not pass ultraviolet. Among the disadvantages, one can distinguish its expansion during heating, and the destruction of the structure under the influence of alkalis.During installation, certain requirements must be adhered to: a polycarbonate sheet is laid so that the protective film is on top; fasten with screws with a mandatory indent from the edge of at least five millimeters. Due to the light weight of the product, it can be laid on a lightweight frame.
Metal tile
Metal - is obtained by molding sheet metal, which is coated with protective compounds and special primers. Steel is mainly used, very rarely - copper, aluminum (on request). Products differ in the type of protective-coloring coating, which consists of: glossy (PE), matte (MPE) polyester; plastisol (PVC); glossy (PUR), matte (MatPUR) pural; polydifluoride (PVF, PVDF).
The material is very durable, reliable. Unlike corrugated board, it is resistant to corrosion and various mechanical damages. It isolates sound well and does not allow heat to pass through. It is easily cut with a grinder, and in its absence, you can use ordinary metal scissors. Lay sheets from the bottom edge with an overlap on each other.
Wood grill
Wooden grille - is a double frame, with a grid of planks fixed inside. Used to create partitions, has a decorative function for arbors, terraces, verandas, patios. It differs in the way of crossing the slats, it can take the form of a rectangular, diagonal weaving.
To create the lattice, different species of wood are used - oak, pine, birch, larch, others. As an independent overlap is not used. To shelter the canopy, it is better to use materials made of wood, such as tes, ploughshare, shingles, shingles, spindles. However, such designs will have a fairly high price.
Marquise
Marquise - a canopy of matter, located above the window, balcony, entrance to the house, is used as protection from sunlight. She creates a shadow. It is an indoor visor.Such a coating does not require vertical supports, as it is designed for mounting on the wall, with the exception of pergola awnings.
Depending on their location, the marquises are divided into window, balcony, also terrace, pergola. Each species differs in its design. The disadvantage of such products is their coating, because the fabric of any strength and processing fades over time. Some structures are heavy, so when they are placed, the strength of the building material on which they will be mounted is taken into account (foam block, a thick layer of plaster will not withstand such loads).
Fabric
Fabric. For sewing and sheltering visors, canopies use different fabric materials. It is necessary that the fabric not only covers from the sun, but also protects from rain. There are several of them:
Tarpaulin. Traditional material. Differs in durability, low price, resistance to moisture. However, the structures are heavy, have an unattractive appearance;
PVC based fabric. It is light in weight and has many colors. Of the shortcomings - it easily breaks, melts at high temperatures.
Canopy flooring materials
The flooring located on the street (gazebo, porch, attic) does not have heating. It is subject to constant exposure to temperature changes. Therefore, the choice is approached responsibly. Materials must meet certain qualities, such as moisture resistance, strength, wear resistance, frost resistance. Particleboard panels, linoleum will not work, but there are many materials that meet the requirements. Consider the most common:
Wood flooring. A whole log board is used. The flooring can be laid before the erection of the canopy or later. Preparation of the basis for a floor depends on it. Bearing beams can be laid directly on the ground, but if it is required that the design lasts a long time, it is necessary to make a quality base.It can be a cement screed, or compacted crushed stone, sprinkled on agrofibre, which cover the soil. Having laid the crate on the base, lamels are pinned up;
Terrace board. It is produced from solid wood or WPC (polymer-wood composite). Laying is also done on the crate. The board has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the WPC is resistant to moisture, withstands temperature fluctuations, has a long life, is not afraid of deformation;
Paving slabs. Initially, a base is prepared, which consists of a layer of crushed stone, and sand is piled on top, it is poured with water and rammed. At the level represented by the taut ropes, paving slabs are laid out, pouring sand in places of shrinkage. The flooring is highly durable, not afraid of precipitation, neutral to temperature differences. It has many shapes and colors;
Concrete flooring. Before pouring, a pillow of crushed stone is laid. If there is a need for increased strength, reinforcement is used. Borders, boards, flat slate, plywood are used as formwork. For beacons, it is advisable to use a metal profile. After pouring the concrete mixture, it is leveled, stretching the rule along the lighthouses, and let the concrete dry. On the surface, you can create natural patterns.
What to consider when designing a canopy
Any construction begins with the creation of a drawing. At this stage, the scheme of the future design is being considered, its size, the load on the base and load-bearing beams is calculated, the required number of supports is calculated. Provides for the inclination of the coating plane, the presence of a drain. Proper planning implies compliance with certain requirements:
The height of the canopy should be more than two meters;
The skeleton of the structure must be made as simple as possible, not to load it with unnecessary details;
It is required to measure the area occupied by the canopy;
Take into account the thickness of the bearing walls, the design of the main room, the presence of wind, the amount of seasonal rainfall;
The foundation should be selected based on the materials of the frame and coating;
It is necessary to provide for the protection of individual elements from adverse effects (the use of impregnations, paints, antiseptics, protective varnishes);
The roof material, its ability to transmit light should be taken into account, a special fabric coating can be installed under it, which will easily be folded;
When calculating additional lighting, consider the functional purpose of the structure;
Take into account the presence of the facade cladding (siding, decorative plaster), choose the color of the porch, canopy for it.
Location selection
The protective function of the canopy is very important, but its location and compatibility with the design of the structure is also important. If a summer house, a country house, also located in the city, has not yet been built, in this case the canopy is installed separately from the structure being built. It’s good to attach the structure to the facade of the house, directly against its wall.
If the size of the plot allows, then preference is given to a canopy with a larger area under which several cars can be placed. This will solve the problem with relatives who arrived by car on a visit, the presence of a family of several cars. When choosing the side of the facade, the windy side, the architectural differences of the house are taken into account, sometimes its design does not allow to install the structure on the front side.
According to building codes, the distance between the canopy attached to the side wall and the end point of the site should be more than three meters.
Do-it-yourself installation of a canopy with a wooden frame
Such designs are found everywhere. They are used in the country, they can be attached to a private house, observed even in the territory of factories. Many people prefer such building materials as wood. This is due to its characteristics.It’s easy to work with him. Even with a huge selection of materials, wooden structures remain in trend.
Making a wooden canopy to the house with your own hands is possible. To do this, you need to draw up a plan, purchase building materials, have tools for work, decide on a place, and carry out preparatory work.
Necessary tools and materials
Having finished with all the calculations, having decided on the quantity, you can proceed with the purchase of the missing building materials. When constructing hand-made structures, materials must be taken with a small margin, this will avoid unpleasant situations with an incorrect calculation. To start work, you will need the following building materials:
Wooden floor beams, bearing supports, slats;
Roofing;
Crushed stone, sand, wood, cement, geotextiles;
Fasteners (angles, screws, bolts, etc.).
To carry out labor activities, you will need tools:
Drill, shovel;
Wheelbarrow, trolley;
Old bath, concrete mixer;
Hammer, ax, hacksaw;
Drill, screwdriver, grinder;
Roulette, level.
Foundation
A canopy with a wooden frame does not require powerful support. A lightweight foundation is suitable for him. Use columnar, concrete. Usually a blind area is made around the buildings. Therefore, the bearing supports located near the wall are attached directly to it.
Professionals recommend preparing sites, but you can do without them. The creation of such bases begins with the removal of the top layer of soil in the yard - up to thirty centimeters. The surface is treated with special solutions that prevent the remains of the root system of plants from growing, covered with geotextiles. On top of it, a layer of sand and gravel is covered. They must be filled with water, well tamped.
The column foundation is different from concrete. To fill it, you will need to dig a hole, drill a hole to a depth of freezing soil - up to one meter.A sewer plastic pipe is inserted into the resulting recess, aligned in level. The wooden beam can be concreted in the pipe, or attached to the screed after the foundation has dried. For the first case, the support is impregnated with varnishes, antiseptics, the bottom is wrapped with roofing material, wrapped with a film.
The concrete foundation is poured into the trench. They deepen it by half a meter, and digging shovels with a bayonet up to forty centimeters wide. The bottom should be covered with a layer of sand, crushed stone is poured over it. If necessary, make reinforcement. Concrete is poured onto the prepared base, while at the same time leveling the supporting beams. Further, the foundation stands, dries, hardens. Only then can we proceed with the further installation of the wooden frame. Beams can be fixed to the surface of the concrete screed using a thrust bearing.
Frame
It is mounted on a concrete foundation, a wooden base. To do this, use a thrust bearing, corner. To create a solid structure, all elements must be attached to the base at a right angle, perpendicularly. Supporting beams can serve as the basis for only one side of the frame, in the case when the second rests directly on the facade, or props both sides when installing load-bearing logs near the wall.
Its structure depends on the type of roof (single-pitched, gable, curved). Shed roofing is the most common, low-cost option. At the final stage, they begin to create a crate, which is laid on the rafters, trusses.
Roof mounting
The coating is attached to the finished crate. The laying technology for each material is excellent. For example, a professional sheet, a metal tile are fastened with self-tapping screws, slate - with special nails, a rail and an industrial stapler are enough for fabrics. When attaching the material, you should bring its edges outside the base zone. These actions will create an additional fence from precipitation.
The roof does not require the installation of a vapor barrier layer, as well as additional insulation. However, a waterproofing layer can be laid. When attaching a different coating, it is enough to adhere to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Floor mounting
To do the flooring yourself is not difficult. It all starts with a base on which flooring can be laid. It is desirable to combine a wooden frame with the same floor covering. Consider the option of laying wooden flooring:
For the foundation of the flooring, you can use wooden beams, the size of which is comparable to the area of the canopy. They are laid out along the edge of the mounting of the support posts. To align the base beams, concrete blocks can be placed under them;
Recesses are made under concrete substrates, crushed stone is poured under them to obtain an even plane of the base used;
After leveling the surface, they proceed to the step of installing the lag, creating a crate on which the floor covering will be attached;
You can attach flooring boards to the finished structure. They are stacked with a small gap.
Since the boards do not always have the same height, they are ground;
At the final stage, it is recommended to treat the surface with varnishes, stains or paint.
Decoration
A practical canopy can also be beautifully designed. Give it your zest. There are many design options, for example:
You can make a closed canopy by installing wooden grilles on the sides;
To enclose the bearing supports with a savage;
Plant around ampelous varieties of plants, grapes;
Partially glaze the structure;
Set inside a decorative fireplace;
Decorate with wrought iron products;
Decorate the building with bright colors.
Conclusion
Build a base, erect a frame, cover the canopy with roofing material - all actions can be done by yourself.The huge selection of building materials that manufacturers offer allows you to create a visor for the house, a canopy for every taste. If desired, you can install a straight, curved shape of the roof, use a tree, a professional pipe as bearing support. Create the necessary decor.
A canopy is a roof located on supports. This is an insulated stationary structure designed to protect the local area from atmospheric precipitation, rays emanating from the sun. Often used to park a car, in the summer you can place a table under it, organize a relaxation area in the shade.
The manufacture of the canopy can be made in different ways. They differ in roof construction, materials used, installation method (attached, supporting-cantilever).
Content
Types of structures
The extension to the house must be functional, consistent with the exterior of the structure. A properly planned canopy will protect not only from rain, sunlight, it will be a beautiful addition to the overall design of the building. There are several types of roof construction, it can be:
Depending on the method of construction, the canopies are divided into separate, attached, supporting-cantilever. According to the installation option and method of attachment, they can be divided into:
Materials used for the construction of the canopy
When choosing building materials for the construction of load-bearing elements, flooring, certain requirements must be observed. The type of annex should correspond to the general nature of the structure. The product must be durable, have resistance to mechanical damage. Racks should be made of wear-resistant materials that have corrosion protection. To reduce the load on the supports, light coatings are chosen.It takes into account such a fact as the bandwidth of sunlight.
Materials for the frame and supports
The frame is the main structural element, it carries the entire load, so durable materials are used in its manufacture. It consists of separate parts fastened together (beams, supports, trusses, rods). The main materials for this basis are:
Methods for attaching a wooden frame
Awnings having a wooden skeleton can be fixed with the edge directly to the facade of the structure, and the second lie on the load-bearing beams. Not all designs are attached to the wall, they can only stand on the supporting posts. Small cornices can be mounted directly to the wall.
The first thing to do is to fix the supporting logs, beams. They can be installed in several ways: concreted, fixed to the screed, concrete, wooden base with a metal thrust bearing.
In the presence of a supporting beam located vertically, markings are applied to the wall of the structure, along which the support is fixed with self-tapping screws. To strengthen such a structure, it is supplemented with special triangular structures supporting the floor beams.
The fastening of the rails to the supporting poles is carried out with the help of nails, screws, screws, galvanized metal plates. Also in the racks make special grooves on both sides, which are attached to the support beams. Corners reinforce with metal jumpers, corners.
Materials for the roof
The construction market offers a wide variety of roofing used in the construction of awnings. You can cover the roof with polycarbonate, acrylic glass, metal, other sheet materials. Each type of skin has its own characteristics. To do this, get acquainted with the most popular coatings:
Metal profile
Metal profiles - another name for professional flooring, professional sheet. It is a steel profiled sheet with galvanized coating. Roofing corrugated board is made more rigid so that it withstands the load from the snow that has fallen, as well as the roof sheeting is different in the way of connection - docking is done with an overlap. The metal profile covers the roofs of a private house, cottages, gazebos, terraces, garages, hangars, visors, even used as a fence. When using corrugated board, they get a solid structure that does not allow moisture and sunlight to pass through. The material is light weight and low cost. When mounting requires a flat surface. It is not recommended to walk on it, as dents may appear on it. If cracks appear during installation, they should be painted over, otherwise the sheet will begin to rust. Also, the professional sheet is distinguished by low sound insulation, thermal insulation.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate - a good option for covering the veranda, pool, outbuildings. The material is durable, it can be used in all climatic zones. Several types of this raw material are produced, each of which has characteristic differences:
Polycarbonate is a synthetic raw material. It is characterized by low weight, high strength, and is resistant to precipitation. The material is transparent, comparable to glass. It is soundproof, due to the presence of a special coating does not pass ultraviolet. Among the disadvantages, one can distinguish its expansion during heating, and the destruction of the structure under the influence of alkalis.During installation, certain requirements must be adhered to: a polycarbonate sheet is laid so that the protective film is on top; fasten with screws with a mandatory indent from the edge of at least five millimeters. Due to the light weight of the product, it can be laid on a lightweight frame.
Metal tile
Metal - is obtained by molding sheet metal, which is coated with protective compounds and special primers. Steel is mainly used, very rarely - copper, aluminum (on request). Products differ in the type of protective-coloring coating, which consists of: glossy (PE), matte (MPE) polyester; plastisol (PVC); glossy (PUR), matte (MatPUR) pural; polydifluoride (PVF, PVDF).
The material is very durable, reliable. Unlike corrugated board, it is resistant to corrosion and various mechanical damages. It isolates sound well and does not allow heat to pass through. It is easily cut with a grinder, and in its absence, you can use ordinary metal scissors. Lay sheets from the bottom edge with an overlap on each other.
Wood grill
Wooden grille - is a double frame, with a grid of planks fixed inside. Used to create partitions, has a decorative function for arbors, terraces, verandas, patios. It differs in the way of crossing the slats, it can take the form of a rectangular, diagonal weaving.
To create the lattice, different species of wood are used - oak, pine, birch, larch, others. As an independent overlap is not used. To shelter the canopy, it is better to use materials made of wood, such as tes, ploughshare, shingles, shingles, spindles. However, such designs will have a fairly high price.
Marquise
Marquise - a canopy of matter, located above the window, balcony, entrance to the house, is used as protection from sunlight. She creates a shadow. It is an indoor visor.Such a coating does not require vertical supports, as it is designed for mounting on the wall, with the exception of pergola awnings.
Depending on their location, the marquises are divided into window, balcony, also terrace, pergola. Each species differs in its design. The disadvantage of such products is their coating, because the fabric of any strength and processing fades over time. Some structures are heavy, so when they are placed, the strength of the building material on which they will be mounted is taken into account (foam block, a thick layer of plaster will not withstand such loads).
Fabric
Fabric. For sewing and sheltering visors, canopies use different fabric materials. It is necessary that the fabric not only covers from the sun, but also protects from rain. There are several of them:
Canopy flooring materials
The flooring located on the street (gazebo, porch, attic) does not have heating. It is subject to constant exposure to temperature changes. Therefore, the choice is approached responsibly. Materials must meet certain qualities, such as moisture resistance, strength, wear resistance, frost resistance. Particleboard panels, linoleum will not work, but there are many materials that meet the requirements. Consider the most common:
What to consider when designing a canopy
Any construction begins with the creation of a drawing. At this stage, the scheme of the future design is being considered, its size, the load on the base and load-bearing beams is calculated, the required number of supports is calculated. Provides for the inclination of the coating plane, the presence of a drain. Proper planning implies compliance with certain requirements:
Location selection
The protective function of the canopy is very important, but its location and compatibility with the design of the structure is also important. If a summer house, a country house, also located in the city, has not yet been built, in this case the canopy is installed separately from the structure being built. It’s good to attach the structure to the facade of the house, directly against its wall.
If the size of the plot allows, then preference is given to a canopy with a larger area under which several cars can be placed. This will solve the problem with relatives who arrived by car on a visit, the presence of a family of several cars. When choosing the side of the facade, the windy side, the architectural differences of the house are taken into account, sometimes its design does not allow to install the structure on the front side.
Do-it-yourself installation of a canopy with a wooden frame
Such designs are found everywhere. They are used in the country, they can be attached to a private house, observed even in the territory of factories. Many people prefer such building materials as wood. This is due to its characteristics.It’s easy to work with him. Even with a huge selection of materials, wooden structures remain in trend.
Making a wooden canopy to the house with your own hands is possible. To do this, you need to draw up a plan, purchase building materials, have tools for work, decide on a place, and carry out preparatory work.
Necessary tools and materials
Having finished with all the calculations, having decided on the quantity, you can proceed with the purchase of the missing building materials. When constructing hand-made structures, materials must be taken with a small margin, this will avoid unpleasant situations with an incorrect calculation. To start work, you will need the following building materials:
To carry out labor activities, you will need tools:
Foundation
A canopy with a wooden frame does not require powerful support. A lightweight foundation is suitable for him. Use columnar, concrete. Usually a blind area is made around the buildings. Therefore, the bearing supports located near the wall are attached directly to it.
Professionals recommend preparing sites, but you can do without them. The creation of such bases begins with the removal of the top layer of soil in the yard - up to thirty centimeters. The surface is treated with special solutions that prevent the remains of the root system of plants from growing, covered with geotextiles. On top of it, a layer of sand and gravel is covered. They must be filled with water, well tamped.
The column foundation is different from concrete. To fill it, you will need to dig a hole, drill a hole to a depth of freezing soil - up to one meter.A sewer plastic pipe is inserted into the resulting recess, aligned in level. The wooden beam can be concreted in the pipe, or attached to the screed after the foundation has dried. For the first case, the support is impregnated with varnishes, antiseptics, the bottom is wrapped with roofing material, wrapped with a film.
The concrete foundation is poured into the trench. They deepen it by half a meter, and digging shovels with a bayonet up to forty centimeters wide. The bottom should be covered with a layer of sand, crushed stone is poured over it. If necessary, make reinforcement. Concrete is poured onto the prepared base, while at the same time leveling the supporting beams. Further, the foundation stands, dries, hardens. Only then can we proceed with the further installation of the wooden frame. Beams can be fixed to the surface of the concrete screed using a thrust bearing.
Frame
It is mounted on a concrete foundation, a wooden base. To do this, use a thrust bearing, corner. To create a solid structure, all elements must be attached to the base at a right angle, perpendicularly. Supporting beams can serve as the basis for only one side of the frame, in the case when the second rests directly on the facade, or props both sides when installing load-bearing logs near the wall.
Its structure depends on the type of roof (single-pitched, gable, curved). Shed roofing is the most common, low-cost option. At the final stage, they begin to create a crate, which is laid on the rafters, trusses.
Roof mounting
The coating is attached to the finished crate. The laying technology for each material is excellent. For example, a professional sheet, a metal tile are fastened with self-tapping screws, slate - with special nails, a rail and an industrial stapler are enough for fabrics. When attaching the material, you should bring its edges outside the base zone. These actions will create an additional fence from precipitation.
The roof does not require the installation of a vapor barrier layer, as well as additional insulation. However, a waterproofing layer can be laid. When attaching a different coating, it is enough to adhere to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Floor mounting
To do the flooring yourself is not difficult. It all starts with a base on which flooring can be laid. It is desirable to combine a wooden frame with the same floor covering. Consider the option of laying wooden flooring:
Decoration
A practical canopy can also be beautifully designed. Give it your zest. There are many design options, for example:
Conclusion
Build a base, erect a frame, cover the canopy with roofing material - all actions can be done by yourself.The huge selection of building materials that manufacturers offer allows you to create a visor for the house, a canopy for every taste. If desired, you can install a straight, curved shape of the roof, use a tree, a professional pipe as bearing support. Create the necessary decor.