The ceiling, located between the floors, under the roof, is not only a partition that limits the height of the room, it is an important part of the interior of the room, serves as the basis for the placement of lighting fixtures. The lower part of the floor covers a considerable area. They are responsible for surface decoration, as this is one of the main visual elements of the interior space.
There are several types of ceilings: stucco, hem, stretch, suspended. Their design depends on the material used for decoration, the method of installation. The construction market offers a huge selection of options and means of decorating the surface of the room. Among the presented variety, one can distinguish a universal building material - drywall. This raw material is in great demand, it is easy to work with it, it allows you to realize various design fantasies.
Advantages and disadvantages of plasterboard ceilings
The material is used as a casing, cladding surfaces of dry rooms. It consists of two layers of cardboard, between which there is hardened gypsum. It is environmentally friendly, not subject to burning, decay. Gypsum plasterboard, like any building material, has positive qualities, and is also not without drawbacks. Consider the advantages inherent in the design:
Allows you to align uneven surfaces without much effort;
Differs in moderate weight of sheets;
It is easy to carry out installation; a person with minimal skills in construction work can handle it;
Inside the frame used for attaching plasterboard sheets, communications (wires, pipes, ducts) are imperceptibly laid down;
Allows you to play with forms, create complex, multi-level ceiling structures;
In the frame, you can install an additional thermal insulation layer, sound insulation;
It serves as a good base for lighting elements;
Gypsum plasterboard surface can be painted, papered, lined with ceramic tiles.
Unfortunately, the material is not without certain drawbacks:
When using it, the height of the room is significantly reduced, which makes its use in a room with a low ceiling unacceptable;
So that the sheet does not lose its original appearance, it is forbidden to store it, install it in unheated rooms with high humidity;
If the installation technology is violated, cracks may appear.
Types of drywall sheets
Products representing a mineral composition held on both sides by paper layers differ in certain parameters and structure. Characteristics define and divide products into several types, each of which has its own abbreviation:
GCR - a standard sheet of drywall. It is used in heated rooms with minimal humidity (up to 60%). The coating color is gray-brown. The inner layer consists of gypsum containing few additional additives.
GKLO (fireproof) - designed for rooms with increased fire hazard (kitchen, attic, boiler room). Marking red, pink. The core consists of gypsum with inclusions of fire-resistant mineral fibers (fiberglass, clay). Able to withstand open fire for up to one hour.
GKLV (moisture resistant) - designed for rooms with high humidity (more than 60%). Installed in kitchens, bathrooms, pools. It has a green color. It is processed by antiseptics, antifungal impregnations. Silicone granules are added to the core.
GKLVO (water-, fire-resistant) - used in places with high humidity, where there is a danger of fire. Includes the characteristics of both previous species.
GVL - an improved version of the GCR. Gypsum board is a homogeneous material without a cardboard coating. Made of gypsum, which is reinforced with cellulose waste paper and special additives. Differs in big weight and cost.
Arched - characterized by a small thickness, bends well, is used in the construction of arches, wave-like structures,domes. Work on the bending of the product is carried out in two ways: wet, dry.
Facade - has a yellow color, is resistant to weathering, is used to decorate facades.
With insulation - it is a standard sheet, a panel with a layer of insulation glued to the back side. During installation, it requires calculations of the humidity of the room, a natural ventilation device between the base and the building material.
Vinyl Coated - Laminated panels have a thin film coating. Resistant to fading, retain their original appearance for a long time. Thanks to the coating of the front surface, do not require additional decoration.
Variety of ceilings in shape and level
The building material used for leveling and finishing the ceiling is in demand by the masses. Various designs are created from the standard sheet. There are also many forms that can be given to the ceiling surface, consider them:
Rectangular The standard option. It hides all the bumps, visually expands the space of the room.
Square. It is identical to a rectangular shape. It is found in rooms with equal length walls. May have a multi-level design.
Round. It is used to highlight the center of the room, goes well with the objects installed there (sofa, table).
Oval or curved. Gives the room an original look, allows you to make it unobtrusive zoning.
Abstract or geometric. May have a patterned or curly shape. Allows you to decorate the living space.
Plasterboard ceilings differ not only in the type of sheets used, shapes, but also in design. Three main types can be distinguished:
Sibling. They are a ready-made element of the interior. They can serve as the basis for multi-level structures. Installation work is within the power of a person with little construction experience. They consist of a frame set according to the level, with plasterboard sheets fixed to it.
Two-, three-level. The main rule is that each subsequent level is smaller in area of the previous one. Subsequent rows are mounted on the parent frame. Multilevel ceilings, in turn, are divided into: - frame - the design has one or a pair of steps located along all walls; - diagonal - the next after the first level are located in one half of the room, and the dividing line (straight, curved) connects the two corners of the room diagonally; - zonal - the second, third levels are used as the border of the zone of a certain purpose (dining, working, resting place).
Complicated. The design is identical to the previous ones. The difference lies in the presence of non-standard forms, elements, patterns.
The number of plasterboard ceiling levels directly depends on its height. For example, frame structures can go down half a meter.
Design features for GKL ceilings
There are only two ways to fix the drywall structure to the ceiling - hemming, hanging. There are slight differences between them. The first is used on flat surfaces. If the difference between the highest and lowest places is more than 2 cm, then the design cannot be installed, in which case the second option is used. Let's consider in more detail each type of installation:
Methods for joining a drywall profile
Bindery. The frame is assembled from a ceiling metal profile, very rarely use wooden battens. The lathing is mounted directly to the ceiling surface, and the distance to the drywall is minimal, equal to the width of the material used for the frame.
Suspension. The profile is not directly connected to the upper partition. The frame is attached to the surface of the walls, and fixing to the ceiling occurs using vertical suspensions. The crate thus fixed hangs on the ceiling. From here it got its name.In this design, you can change the inter-ceiling space.
Ceiling Design & Style
Design options, ceiling decoration unlimited. At the same time, drywall allows you to build multi-level ceilings, which, when properly selected, in combination with lighting fixtures, will help create a unique room interior. The use of building materials is permissible in almost any room, whether it is a living room, bedroom or hall.
The design of the ceiling is very important, it must be magnificent, while combining with the general style of the interior. A huge selection of building materials allows you to combine the look with any direction. Let's consider some styles:
Minimalism. Single-tier ceilings are suitable, having a fairly simple appearance, without unnecessary decor elements. As lighting, preference should be given to LED strips, spotlights.
High tech. A small number of decorative elements are welcome here. The color scheme can be performed in both white and dark colors. Glossy finishes are well suited for decoration.
Classic. You can use multi-level designs, complex arched, curly ceilings. A chandelier fits well in the center of the room.
Modern. Most often, light shades are used. Direct fixtures can be used. There are no strict rules for interior design.
Loft. The joints between the drywall sheets are intentionally not covered with putty. Do not withstand a perfectly flat surface. When painting stains, roughness. Communications are left open.
We make a project for the future ceiling
Simple decoration of the ceiling (painting, wallpapering) does not require drawings. Using drywall create complex design elements, so in this case, you can’t do without a project. It includes a graphic image, calculation and cost of the required building materials, stages of work.When compiling it takes into account such moments as: the style of the room; design and parameters of a furniture set; ceiling height, its area; wall and floor decoration.
What should include a ceiling project
Sketch (preliminary sketch). A good drawing can be done by a person with drawing skills. It allows you to visually see what the constructed ceiling will look like, to make an assessment of its compatibility with the general interior of the room.
Drawing. It defines the design of the future product. May consist of several sheets. Includes all components, types, sections, section of elements, their interaction, explaining the principle of operation. It takes into account the method of combining the product with the elements on the ceiling (electrical wiring, pipes).
Calculation of materials. The developed project will allow calculating their number, thereby saving the budget. When buying, you should take more consumable building materials by 10% -15%, this is due to the fact that part of the products will have to be cut, respectively, their size and quantity will decrease.
We calculate the necessary material
After compiling the design documentation, they proceed to the calculations. All elements and consumables are taken into account here. For clarity, we calculate the necessary materials on the example of a rectangular room 6 x 3 meters:
Work begins with determining the perimeter of the room. To do this, we use the standard formula P = (a + b) * 2, where P is the perimeter, a, b is the length of the walls. In our case (6 + 3) * 2 = 18. This figure is equal to the number of meters of the guide profile UD, which is mounted on all walls under the ceiling.
The next step is to calculate the length of the bearing profiles. Standard placement requires a fastening step of 40 - 50 cm. For the first case, 600: 40 = 15 pieces of 3 meters (45 meters), for the second 600: 50 = 12 strips (36 meters).
We count the number of necessary suspensions. The distance between them is 60 cm.Based on previous calculations, we get that for a fastening step of 40 cm, this figure will be 45: 0.6 = 75 pieces, in turn, for a step of 50 cm - 36: 0.6 = 60 pieces.
The number of cross-shaped elements used to fix the structure (crabs) is calculated by multiplying the bearing profiles by two. That is, for the calculations performed in the second paragraph, 30 and 24 pieces, respectively, will be required.
At the final stage, it remains to calculate the number of sheets of drywall. As a sample, take a standard sheet measuring 1.2 x 2.5 meters. First, determine the area of the room and the coating used. S room = a * b = 3 * 6 = 18 m², it coincides with the perimeter. S gypsum = 1.2 * 2.5 = 3 m². Having made a simple calculation 18: 3 = 6 sheets.
Step-by-step installation of GKL ceiling
Building materials are economical and reliable, with its help you can create single-level, two-level, complex ceiling structures. It allows you to implement any design decisions. Many people choose a drywall ceiling for their monastery. At the same time, some of them use the services of specialists, others build the structure with their own hands. But it will be useful for all of them to familiarize themselves with step-by-step instructions that reflect all the moments and subtleties of the finish.
How to prepare the ceiling
Before starting the installation, preparatory work is carried out in the room, which includes the following steps:
Room cleaning. From it it is necessary to take out all the furniture, remove the curtain rod for curtains, household items that interfere with events.
If available, the old finish is removed from the ceiling, the surface is cleaned of stains.
Joints of plates, cracks are smeared with a layer of putty, after which the entire plane is covered with a primer, which includes antiseptics.
After the primer dries, the room is de-energized, and work begins on installing the frame.
Equipment and materials
Any work begins with the preparation of the tools used to carry it out, counting and acquiring the necessary materials. Indeed, in the absence, lack of consumables, pencil, level at hand, the work will have to be interrupted in search of the missing component.So, for the implementation of activities you will need:
heat-insulating, waterproofing, noise-insulating building materials;
sealing tapes;
GKL sheets;
Decoration Materials.
Ceiling marking and frame assembly
Work begins with determining the lowest angle in the room. For this, the laser level is ideal, if there is none, an ordinary tape measure is used. At this point the first mark is put. Depending on the presence of built-in lighting elements, the distance from the ceiling will be 5 mm if they are absent, 9 mm when placed.
The level marks the points in the remaining corners located at the same height. After that, a level is drawn between the marks in the form of twine, or a line connecting all marked points is drawn. Further on the marking, the guide profile UD is set. To do this, with a drill, holes are drilled into which dowels are clogged. Docking seams are further strengthened, between the two profiles on both sides of the joint a piece of tin, plywood is started.
After installing and securing the guide profile, proceed with the installation of the main one. Given the dimensions of the standard GKL sheet 1.2 x 2.5 m, the marking on the ceiling should be done in parallel lines with a pitch of 40 cm, perpendicular - 250 mm. That will fix each edge of the sheet. At the intersection, the joints of the main profiles are interconnected by crabs.
The next step will be to fix the suspensions. They are connected to the ceiling using anchors. The distance between the hanging fasteners is made within 50-60 cm. The first is installed, retreating 25 cm from the wall. After connecting the suspensions to the profile, a finished frame is obtained.
Isolation - what to choose and why is it needed
The construction market offers a huge assortment of drywall sheets. They have an additional layer of insulation, for example, a standard sheet with foam. Products are protected from moisture, fire. Multilayer partitions themselves become a soundproofing layer.
Depending on the material of the floor, the insulation suitable for the particular structure is selected. If you take a wooden ceiling, then you can not do without a layer of steam, waterproofing. Moisture penetrating through the gaps can lead to rotting of the wooden, profile frame, swelling of drywall.
For concrete slabs, monolithic floors, additional thermal insulation is required. Most often, mineral wool, polystyrene, is selected. Insulation fills the empty sections of the frame. In this case, the presence of built-in lighting lamps is taken into account. Overheating of the wiring may cause a fire.
If necessary, you can install additional sound insulation. As such protection, mineral wool, slabs, polyurethane foam, cork, coconut fiber, and others are used.
Electrical wiring
Installation of electrical wiring begins with the development of a circuit where all the key elements are indicated, from the distribution box, to each switch, light bulb. Work is carried out before installing drywall sheets.
After laying the cable from the distribution box to the electric points, the wires are connected to the final element, if not already installed, the contacts are isolated. Connection of veins is carried out only through terminal blocks. It is forbidden to lay wires in bundles near metal pipes.
Gypsum plasterboard paneling
The building material is sensitive to changes in humidity, temperature fluctuations. Therefore, it must be brought into the room where it will be installed, and given a couple of days to adapt. After you can proceed to the casing. Installation begins with the installation of a sheet in one of the corners.Having departed 10 cm from the beginning of the profile, the first screw is screwed in, the distance between them is 20 cm.
The screw head is recessed into the sheet. On panels running parallel to each other, the screws should not be on the same vertical line.
Next sheets are attached, with each edge being bolted to the frame. For places where the whole panel does not fit, the sheets are cut off.
Ceiling decoration
After completing the main work, proceed to finishing. The first thing to do is align the resulting plane. For this, joints and gaps are putty, the surface is primed. For decorative finishes, the following materials are chosen:
Water based paint. It is resistant to moisture, does not wipe, there is no smell. For small surface defects remaining after puttying, use a matte base to mask them. Glossy paint, on the contrary, will highlight all the roughness.
Wallpaper. The classic version. The choice is unlimited, depending on the preferences of the owner. Their shade should be taken into account. Light colors will visually increase the height, dark - reduce.
Plaster. Acrylic based raw materials should be selected. You can choose any type of plaster (thin, low, medium, large). In doing so, take into account the fact that thin fillers are not able to mask an uneven surface.
Tile. Mainly used material such as polystyrene, polyurethane. Ceramic products are rarely used, require additional surface treatment, reinforced frame.
Combined ceilings look very interesting. For example, a combination of a tensile structure with a drywall mounted.
Lighting and ceiling lighting
Lighting occupies an important place in the entire structure. It performs, in addition to the main, also a decorative function. Depends on the correct choice of each lamp, LED. It can emphasize the ceiling, or make it unsightly, tasteless.Lighting plasterboard ceiling coating can be: open, closed, combined.
As the main lighting, the following types of lamps are selected:
pendant chandeliers;
overhead lights;
fluorescent lamps, as well as daylight;
LED strip
built-in spotlights;
combined lighting.
For additional decoration of the room, backlighting is used, which is not independent lighting. You can perform it using different sources. The most popular of them are diode (ribbons, duralight) backlighting, neon tubes, fluorescent lamps.
Drywall Tips
When working with material, the sheet must be cut to a specific size. To do this, markup is done on the panel with a pencil, after which a cardboard coating is cut using a construction knife. Then the sheet is placed on a table or a flat surface, breaks according to the markup.
To make the surface smooth, it is necessary to mask the joints and seams between the plates. To do this, chamfers are removed at the ends of the sheet. Their angle of inclination directly depends on the putty method. This requires a special planer.
In addition to cutting and sealing joints, plasterboard sheets can be bent, giving them wavy, curved shapes, for example, an arch, an oval, a circle, a curving diagonal line. For bending sheets, use the dry or wet method. Together with the sheet, the guide profile is bent, on which cuts are made on the sides with the help of scissors for metal.
Conclusion
Drywall ceiling is popular with many private owners. The material is inexpensive, it can be used both for office premises and in a house, apartment, equipping the ceiling covering from the hallway to the hall. It is easy to work with plasterboard sheets, while using them you can create complex designs that emphasize the individual interior of the room.
The ceiling, located between the floors, under the roof, is not only a partition that limits the height of the room, it is an important part of the interior of the room, serves as the basis for the placement of lighting fixtures. The lower part of the floor covers a considerable area. They are responsible for surface decoration, as this is one of the main visual elements of the interior space.
There are several types of ceilings: stucco, hem, stretch, suspended. Their design depends on the material used for decoration, the method of installation. The construction market offers a huge selection of options and means of decorating the surface of the room. Among the presented variety, one can distinguish a universal building material - drywall. This raw material is in great demand, it is easy to work with it, it allows you to realize various design fantasies.
Content
Advantages and disadvantages of plasterboard ceilings
The material is used as a casing, cladding surfaces of dry rooms. It consists of two layers of cardboard, between which there is hardened gypsum. It is environmentally friendly, not subject to burning, decay. Gypsum plasterboard, like any building material, has positive qualities, and is also not without drawbacks. Consider the advantages inherent in the design:
Unfortunately, the material is not without certain drawbacks:
Types of drywall sheets
Products representing a mineral composition held on both sides by paper layers differ in certain parameters and structure. Characteristics define and divide products into several types, each of which has its own abbreviation:
Variety of ceilings in shape and level
The building material used for leveling and finishing the ceiling is in demand by the masses. Various designs are created from the standard sheet. There are also many forms that can be given to the ceiling surface, consider them:
Plasterboard ceilings differ not only in the type of sheets used, shapes, but also in design. Three main types can be distinguished:
- frame - the design has one or a pair of steps located along all walls;
- diagonal - the next after the first level are located in one half of the room, and the dividing line (straight, curved) connects the two corners of the room diagonally;
- zonal - the second, third levels are used as the border of the zone of a certain purpose (dining, working, resting place).
Design features for GKL ceilings
There are only two ways to fix the drywall structure to the ceiling - hemming, hanging. There are slight differences between them. The first is used on flat surfaces. If the difference between the highest and lowest places is more than 2 cm, then the design cannot be installed, in which case the second option is used. Let's consider in more detail each type of installation:
Methods for joining a drywall profile
Bindery. The frame is assembled from a ceiling metal profile, very rarely use wooden battens. The lathing is mounted directly to the ceiling surface, and the distance to the drywall is minimal, equal to the width of the material used for the frame.
Suspension. The profile is not directly connected to the upper partition. The frame is attached to the surface of the walls, and fixing to the ceiling occurs using vertical suspensions. The crate thus fixed hangs on the ceiling. From here it got its name.In this design, you can change the inter-ceiling space.
Ceiling Design & Style
Design options, ceiling decoration unlimited. At the same time, drywall allows you to build multi-level ceilings, which, when properly selected, in combination with lighting fixtures, will help create a unique room interior. The use of building materials is permissible in almost any room, whether it is a living room, bedroom or hall.
The design of the ceiling is very important, it must be magnificent, while combining with the general style of the interior. A huge selection of building materials allows you to combine the look with any direction. Let's consider some styles:
We make a project for the future ceiling
Simple decoration of the ceiling (painting, wallpapering) does not require drawings. Using drywall create complex design elements, so in this case, you can’t do without a project. It includes a graphic image, calculation and cost of the required building materials, stages of work.When compiling it takes into account such moments as: the style of the room; design and parameters of a furniture set; ceiling height, its area; wall and floor decoration.
What should include a ceiling project
We calculate the necessary material
After compiling the design documentation, they proceed to the calculations. All elements and consumables are taken into account here. For clarity, we calculate the necessary materials on the example of a rectangular room 6 x 3 meters:
Step-by-step installation of GKL ceiling
Building materials are economical and reliable, with its help you can create single-level, two-level, complex ceiling structures. It allows you to implement any design decisions. Many people choose a drywall ceiling for their monastery. At the same time, some of them use the services of specialists, others build the structure with their own hands. But it will be useful for all of them to familiarize themselves with step-by-step instructions that reflect all the moments and subtleties of the finish.
How to prepare the ceiling
Before starting the installation, preparatory work is carried out in the room, which includes the following steps:
Equipment and materials
Any work begins with the preparation of the tools used to carry it out, counting and acquiring the necessary materials. Indeed, in the absence, lack of consumables, pencil, level at hand, the work will have to be interrupted in search of the missing component.So, for the implementation of activities you will need:
Ceiling marking and frame assembly
Work begins with determining the lowest angle in the room. For this, the laser level is ideal, if there is none, an ordinary tape measure is used. At this point the first mark is put. Depending on the presence of built-in lighting elements, the distance from the ceiling will be 5 mm if they are absent, 9 mm when placed.
The level marks the points in the remaining corners located at the same height. After that, a level is drawn between the marks in the form of twine, or a line connecting all marked points is drawn. Further on the marking, the guide profile UD is set. To do this, with a drill, holes are drilled into which dowels are clogged. Docking seams are further strengthened, between the two profiles on both sides of the joint a piece of tin, plywood is started.
After installing and securing the guide profile, proceed with the installation of the main one. Given the dimensions of the standard GKL sheet 1.2 x 2.5 m, the marking on the ceiling should be done in parallel lines with a pitch of 40 cm, perpendicular - 250 mm. That will fix each edge of the sheet. At the intersection, the joints of the main profiles are interconnected by crabs.
The next step will be to fix the suspensions. They are connected to the ceiling using anchors. The distance between the hanging fasteners is made within 50-60 cm. The first is installed, retreating 25 cm from the wall. After connecting the suspensions to the profile, a finished frame is obtained.
Isolation - what to choose and why is it needed
The construction market offers a huge assortment of drywall sheets. They have an additional layer of insulation, for example, a standard sheet with foam. Products are protected from moisture, fire. Multilayer partitions themselves become a soundproofing layer.
Depending on the material of the floor, the insulation suitable for the particular structure is selected. If you take a wooden ceiling, then you can not do without a layer of steam, waterproofing. Moisture penetrating through the gaps can lead to rotting of the wooden, profile frame, swelling of drywall.
For concrete slabs, monolithic floors, additional thermal insulation is required. Most often, mineral wool, polystyrene, is selected. Insulation fills the empty sections of the frame. In this case, the presence of built-in lighting lamps is taken into account. Overheating of the wiring may cause a fire.
If necessary, you can install additional sound insulation. As such protection, mineral wool, slabs, polyurethane foam, cork, coconut fiber, and others are used.
Electrical wiring
Installation of electrical wiring begins with the development of a circuit where all the key elements are indicated, from the distribution box, to each switch, light bulb. Work is carried out before installing drywall sheets.
After laying the cable from the distribution box to the electric points, the wires are connected to the final element, if not already installed, the contacts are isolated. Connection of veins is carried out only through terminal blocks. It is forbidden to lay wires in bundles near metal pipes.
Gypsum plasterboard paneling
The building material is sensitive to changes in humidity, temperature fluctuations. Therefore, it must be brought into the room where it will be installed, and given a couple of days to adapt. After you can proceed to the casing. Installation begins with the installation of a sheet in one of the corners.Having departed 10 cm from the beginning of the profile, the first screw is screwed in, the distance between them is 20 cm.
Next sheets are attached, with each edge being bolted to the frame. For places where the whole panel does not fit, the sheets are cut off.
Ceiling decoration
After completing the main work, proceed to finishing. The first thing to do is align the resulting plane. For this, joints and gaps are putty, the surface is primed. For decorative finishes, the following materials are chosen:
Lighting and ceiling lighting
Lighting occupies an important place in the entire structure. It performs, in addition to the main, also a decorative function. Depends on the correct choice of each lamp, LED. It can emphasize the ceiling, or make it unsightly, tasteless.Lighting plasterboard ceiling coating can be: open, closed, combined.
As the main lighting, the following types of lamps are selected:
For additional decoration of the room, backlighting is used, which is not independent lighting. You can perform it using different sources. The most popular of them are diode (ribbons, duralight) backlighting, neon tubes, fluorescent lamps.
Drywall Tips
When working with material, the sheet must be cut to a specific size. To do this, markup is done on the panel with a pencil, after which a cardboard coating is cut using a construction knife. Then the sheet is placed on a table or a flat surface, breaks according to the markup.
To make the surface smooth, it is necessary to mask the joints and seams between the plates. To do this, chamfers are removed at the ends of the sheet. Their angle of inclination directly depends on the putty method. This requires a special planer.
In addition to cutting and sealing joints, plasterboard sheets can be bent, giving them wavy, curved shapes, for example, an arch, an oval, a circle, a curving diagonal line. For bending sheets, use the dry or wet method. Together with the sheet, the guide profile is bent, on which cuts are made on the sides with the help of scissors for metal.
Conclusion
Drywall ceiling is popular with many private owners. The material is inexpensive, it can be used both for office premises and in a house, apartment, equipping the ceiling covering from the hallway to the hall. It is easy to work with plasterboard sheets, while using them you can create complex designs that emphasize the individual interior of the room.