Wood is a popular, sought-after building material. You can give wood any shade. To do this, you need to treat it with a special mixture. Wood stain is also a good antiseptic. The service life of the machined parts is increased several times. Paint and varnish compositions give aesthetics, decorativeness, emphasize the texture of any breed.
The stain is released in liquid form, more often it is a dark-colored compound that can give the tree a translucent shade.With its help, you can radically change the appearance of furniture. The liquid penetrates deep into the wood, changing its color scheme without violating the texture and pattern. Special varnishes are used in the restoration of various products, for whitening, lightening.
The main feature of multifunctional compositions is the absence of a film after drying, the identification of a natural pattern. The surface becomes contrasting and juicy. Stain treatment is the most effective way to protect wood from decay and deformation. When working, you can combine different shades of the mixture for all species - pine, oak, walnut, rosewood.
Types of stain
The main component of the stain can be oil, water or alcohol. Typical separation allows you to select several types of material, each of which interacts differently with wood. Some - penetrate deeply into the tree, when other mixtures change the tone of only the top layer.
Water based
The largest impregnation group. The mixture is available in finished form, not requiring additional preparation for application, or in the form of a powder. The second option is preferable, since it becomes possible to independently adjust the shade. Color saturation will depend on the amount of bulk material.
Water-based stain can be used outside and inside the living room. It has no unpleasant odor, it is absolutely non-toxic. The composition has a low consumption, easy to apply. Of the disadvantages, poor water resistance can be noted. After application, the wood fibers rise, which opens the way to moisture. The painted surface dries for a long time - 12-15 hours. Not recommended for resinous wood species.
Work with a water stain just do it yourself. The technology consists in pre-soaking and sanding parts. Emery paper well removes the raised hairs. Before use, the composition is filtered and mixed well.It is possible to increase moisture resistance with the help of a finish varnish coating.
Oil based
Universal oil-based mixtures include special oil-soluble dyes. Such a stain dries quickly (2-4 hours), is easy to apply, evenly lays on any surface, without expanding wood fibers. With the help of such a composition, it is possible to easily coat a tree evenly and without drips.
In preparation for application, oil stain should be diluted with a solvent. In addition to decorative functions, the composition has excellent protective properties. The oil penetrates deeply into the upper layer of wood, does not allow it to heat under the influence of external factors, maintains air exchange.
Mixtures on drying oil can be applied with any tool and method, manually or with a spray gun. You can achieve different shades that are not even characteristic of the breed by adding a dye of the desired color. In this way, you can make a white, green, red stain. It will retain the saturation of the shade for a long time, since it does not fade in the sun and does not wear out.
Alcohol based
Mixtures based on denatured alcohol are produced in finished liquid form or as powders. The cost of such a stain is much higher than other analogues. The question, why use an expensive composition, finds the answer in high quality and special characteristics of varnish.
Dyes are instantly absorbed into the surface, reducing the drying time to 15 minutes. The obvious advantage can also be considered as a disadvantage, since deep and quick penetration during staining will create big problems when removing the upper layer in the future. Of the minuses, one can also note the difficulty of applying, an unpleasant pungent smell. You can avoid such consequences if you apply the alcohol stain correctly:
Distribute evenly over the surface;
Work quickly, having previously thought over the sequence of staining;
Use a spray gun.
Acrylic stain
The new acrylic-based mixtures are free from many of the disadvantages inherent in oil solutions. The main advantages are the creation of a beautiful surface, the ability to tint in any color, and endowing with water-repellent properties. Acrylic stains are often used to decorate individual sections of wood. Due to their high wear resistance, they can be used when painting wooden floors and parquet boards.
Acrylic-based solutions are safe for humans and animals during work and during the operation of processed items. Such stains do not emit toxic fumes, do not have an unpleasant odor, perfectly fit on flat surfaces.
The only negative is the high cost. Acrylic mixtures should not be used as a starting coat before applying varnishes and polyurethane mixtures. The solution is not absorbed into the wood, lays an additional protective layer on the surface.
Wax stain
Used for restoration of old wooden coatings. With the help of a wax stain, they fill in the color mismatch, supplement the picture, hide the faded, darkened areas. The compositions have high moisture resistance, create a dense film on the surface. Stains are presented in a huge range of colors. A significant drawback is vulnerability to mechanical damage, the need for subsequent varnish coating.
A wax stain is applied using a piece of tissue, a tampon by gradual rubbing. The mixture has a soft wax consistency, is available in small containers. Before use, the wax stain is heated, increasing its penetrating ability. The tree is painted along the fibers in several layers until the desired shade is obtained.
When choosing wax compounds, it is necessary to take into account that they do not impregnate the tree, but only create a protective layer.
Bleach stain
White color will make any interior elegant.It can be bleached floors, plain walls, ceiling, furniture. To achieve the required degree of whiteness of wooden objects is very simple. One of the available remedies is a stain with a bleaching effect.
There are several ways to process a tree. The choice of method and additional materials will depend on the location of the wooden item. If the tree will be indoors, for bleaching, you can use a tool that emphasizes the direction of the fibers, a natural shade. Often used for artificial aging in antique style. In this case, the wood pores should be deep and sharp. Apply gray oil, acrylic, wax stains. The main task of wood stains for external use is to protect the tree from rotting and blueing.
Color variety
The most popular are natural shades of wood stains, in the best way in harmony with wood. For furniture decoration often choose stained oak, walnut. A browner color will give wood wenge, mocha, nutmeg. The burgundy palette includes mahogany, maple, cherry.
The desired shade can be achieved by mixing several types of stains. It is important to observe the proportions, use mixtures of only one manufacturer. For larch and pine, both dark and light, walnut varieties are suitable. Such paint is classified according to the international standard. Each color has a name and its own code.
When choosing a mixture, test wood is painted. The resulting shade will be affected by the natural color, grade of material. The quality, density of solutions is of great importance. The same composition numbers from different manufacturers can give shades of different saturation and depth.
Rules and methods of application to the surface
Apply stain to the surface in several ways. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the type and type of wood, since the texture on each will manifest itself in different ways.The following staining methods are used:
Using a spray gun. Suitable for alcohol and nitromorilk used in large areas. Instrument settings affect color effects. The use of spray guns is the best option for uniform application.
Dousing or dipping. Used when applying mixtures of low viscosity and quick-drying, for example, water stains. Positive aspects - material saving, high productivity. Due to the lack of the human factor, perfect tone repetition is noted. In hard-to-reach places, the formation of unpainted places is excluded.
Tamponization, impregnation with rags. As a tool, you can use foam, cotton materials that do not leave fibers after themselves. Condensed wax, acrylic mixture is used in small areas. It is thoroughly smeared on the surface until the desired color is obtained.
Brush painting. For oil mixtures, instruments with natural bristles are suitable, synthetic fibers for water. The brush should be strong, medium hard. If the surface is large, the device should also choose massive and wide. To start working better from the top edge, moving down.
Wood tinting workshop
It is easy to tint any wood, furniture parts with your own hands at home. The procedure will strengthen the texture, give an exquisite shade, mask defects, if necessary, radically change the appearance of the tree. First of all, you need to determine the tone of the stain, select the application technology and check the color on a piece of wood of the same breed. The process of applying the mixture takes place in several stages:
Surface preparation. The base is carefully sanded and cleaned. Then it is moistened with water and the fiber that has taken off is removed with sandpaper.
Application of tinting mixture. Start staining after the tree has completely dried.We apply one color layer, remove excess stains with a cloth.
Drying. Each type of tinting composition has its own drying time. After a certain time, check the compliance of the shade, if necessary, apply a second layer.
Varnishing. The application of a protective layer is necessary to give the surface more strength.
Expense calculation
The main indicator that must be taken into account when calculating the flow rate is the degree of porosity of the base material. Any stain has an excellent absorbency. An average of 15 m2 will require one liter of composition. It is also important to consider the intensity of the shade. Softwoods have low absorbency, so they will need to be processed in several layers to achieve the desired pattern, which will increase consumption at least twice.
The amount of material spent is affected by the shape of the surface to be painted, the presence of corner locks, and hard-to-reach spots. On each container of the mixture, manufacturers indicate how much composition is needed to get a specific pattern. The exception is oil formulations, the task of which is to nourish the wood until the pores are completely filled. In this case, the tree type and its state are taken into account.
To reduce the consumption of stains when staining coniferous wood, it is necessary to remove wood resin from the base in advance.
How to choose a stain
The choice of stain is affected by the purpose of the workpiece and the method of application. For tinting furniture, safe mixes with a minimum amount of volatile compounds are chosen. Suitable wax, oil, water compositions.
To process window frames, doors, it is better to pick up alcohol stains. Mixtures are easier to apply on even surfaces, which minimizes staining. Restore old tables, chairs, cabinets with small blue spots can be oil, wax compounds using any tool. When choosing a tonic, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:
Drying speed.Almost instantly, alcohol compounds dry, stains on water - 2-3 hours. Oil solutions require at least 24 hours to fully dry;
Toxicity. The safest stains - oil, water, wax. Acrylic, alcohol mixtures are applied in protective clothing and a respirator;
Resistance to fire and mechanical damage. Resistance to fire depends on the thickness of the layer. Oil, wax stains have the lowest degree of protection against scratches;
The degree of filling of the pores of wood. The highest rate of pore occupancy in oily formulations;
Lack of smell. The smell of water, acrylic stains is completely absent. Vapors of oil mixtures erode for several days.
Defect management - what to do if the stain does not lie correctly
Quite often, after applying the stain, various defects form on the surface. They may not appear immediately, but only after drying. The sooner measures are taken to eliminate them, the greater the chances of a complete restoration of the applied layer. Most often you have to work with the following defects:
Inmates. If the resulting stain is noticed at the time of applying the stain, it must be impregnated with varnish, which will dissolve the lower layer. Then the site must be wiped with a clean cloth and treated with the mixture again. The already dried-up streak is first softened with a solvent, then removed with a knife, a plane, sandpaper.
Stains. First of all, it is necessary to determine the cause of their occurrence. This may be due to poor quality wood having black patches that unevenly stain. In the case of an external array, a planer will help; you will need to remove the entire veneer from plywood. Recoating the area is best done with a thick wax mixture.
Conclusion
Wooden furnishings look beautiful, but quickly lose their appeal. They are influenced by consumer, external factors, time. Stain will help to maintain a decent appearance and initial structure for a long time.Due to the variety of species, you can choose the right composition for a particular type of wood, reproduce the pattern, highlight the natural texture, draw a flower, any convex pattern.
Wood is a popular, sought-after building material. You can give wood any shade. To do this, you need to treat it with a special mixture. Wood stain is also a good antiseptic. The service life of the machined parts is increased several times. Paint and varnish compositions give aesthetics, decorativeness, emphasize the texture of any breed.
Content
Material Features
The stain is released in liquid form, more often it is a dark-colored compound that can give the tree a translucent shade.With its help, you can radically change the appearance of furniture. The liquid penetrates deep into the wood, changing its color scheme without violating the texture and pattern. Special varnishes are used in the restoration of various products, for whitening, lightening.
The main feature of multifunctional compositions is the absence of a film after drying, the identification of a natural pattern. The surface becomes contrasting and juicy. Stain treatment is the most effective way to protect wood from decay and deformation. When working, you can combine different shades of the mixture for all species - pine, oak, walnut, rosewood.
Types of stain
The main component of the stain can be oil, water or alcohol. Typical separation allows you to select several types of material, each of which interacts differently with wood. Some - penetrate deeply into the tree, when other mixtures change the tone of only the top layer.
Water based
The largest impregnation group. The mixture is available in finished form, not requiring additional preparation for application, or in the form of a powder. The second option is preferable, since it becomes possible to independently adjust the shade. Color saturation will depend on the amount of bulk material.
Water-based stain can be used outside and inside the living room. It has no unpleasant odor, it is absolutely non-toxic. The composition has a low consumption, easy to apply. Of the disadvantages, poor water resistance can be noted. After application, the wood fibers rise, which opens the way to moisture. The painted surface dries for a long time - 12-15 hours. Not recommended for resinous wood species.
Work with a water stain just do it yourself. The technology consists in pre-soaking and sanding parts. Emery paper well removes the raised hairs. Before use, the composition is filtered and mixed well.It is possible to increase moisture resistance with the help of a finish varnish coating.
Oil based
Universal oil-based mixtures include special oil-soluble dyes. Such a stain dries quickly (2-4 hours), is easy to apply, evenly lays on any surface, without expanding wood fibers. With the help of such a composition, it is possible to easily coat a tree evenly and without drips.
In preparation for application, oil stain should be diluted with a solvent. In addition to decorative functions, the composition has excellent protective properties. The oil penetrates deeply into the upper layer of wood, does not allow it to heat under the influence of external factors, maintains air exchange.
Mixtures on drying oil can be applied with any tool and method, manually or with a spray gun. You can achieve different shades that are not even characteristic of the breed by adding a dye of the desired color. In this way, you can make a white, green, red stain. It will retain the saturation of the shade for a long time, since it does not fade in the sun and does not wear out.
Alcohol based
Mixtures based on denatured alcohol are produced in finished liquid form or as powders. The cost of such a stain is much higher than other analogues. The question, why use an expensive composition, finds the answer in high quality and special characteristics of varnish.
Dyes are instantly absorbed into the surface, reducing the drying time to 15 minutes. The obvious advantage can also be considered as a disadvantage, since deep and quick penetration during staining will create big problems when removing the upper layer in the future. Of the minuses, one can also note the difficulty of applying, an unpleasant pungent smell. You can avoid such consequences if you apply the alcohol stain correctly:
Acrylic stain
The new acrylic-based mixtures are free from many of the disadvantages inherent in oil solutions. The main advantages are the creation of a beautiful surface, the ability to tint in any color, and endowing with water-repellent properties. Acrylic stains are often used to decorate individual sections of wood. Due to their high wear resistance, they can be used when painting wooden floors and parquet boards.
Acrylic-based solutions are safe for humans and animals during work and during the operation of processed items. Such stains do not emit toxic fumes, do not have an unpleasant odor, perfectly fit on flat surfaces.
The only negative is the high cost. Acrylic mixtures should not be used as a starting coat before applying varnishes and polyurethane mixtures. The solution is not absorbed into the wood, lays an additional protective layer on the surface.
Wax stain
Used for restoration of old wooden coatings. With the help of a wax stain, they fill in the color mismatch, supplement the picture, hide the faded, darkened areas. The compositions have high moisture resistance, create a dense film on the surface. Stains are presented in a huge range of colors. A significant drawback is vulnerability to mechanical damage, the need for subsequent varnish coating.
A wax stain is applied using a piece of tissue, a tampon by gradual rubbing. The mixture has a soft wax consistency, is available in small containers. Before use, the wax stain is heated, increasing its penetrating ability. The tree is painted along the fibers in several layers until the desired shade is obtained.
Bleach stain
White color will make any interior elegant.It can be bleached floors, plain walls, ceiling, furniture. To achieve the required degree of whiteness of wooden objects is very simple. One of the available remedies is a stain with a bleaching effect.
There are several ways to process a tree. The choice of method and additional materials will depend on the location of the wooden item. If the tree will be indoors, for bleaching, you can use a tool that emphasizes the direction of the fibers, a natural shade. Often used for artificial aging in antique style. In this case, the wood pores should be deep and sharp. Apply gray oil, acrylic, wax stains. The main task of wood stains for external use is to protect the tree from rotting and blueing.
Color variety
The most popular are natural shades of wood stains, in the best way in harmony with wood. For furniture decoration often choose stained oak, walnut. A browner color will give wood wenge, mocha, nutmeg. The burgundy palette includes mahogany, maple, cherry.
The desired shade can be achieved by mixing several types of stains. It is important to observe the proportions, use mixtures of only one manufacturer. For larch and pine, both dark and light, walnut varieties are suitable. Such paint is classified according to the international standard. Each color has a name and its own code.
When choosing a mixture, test wood is painted. The resulting shade will be affected by the natural color, grade of material. The quality, density of solutions is of great importance. The same composition numbers from different manufacturers can give shades of different saturation and depth.
Rules and methods of application to the surface
Apply stain to the surface in several ways. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the type and type of wood, since the texture on each will manifest itself in different ways.The following staining methods are used:
Wood tinting workshop
It is easy to tint any wood, furniture parts with your own hands at home. The procedure will strengthen the texture, give an exquisite shade, mask defects, if necessary, radically change the appearance of the tree. First of all, you need to determine the tone of the stain, select the application technology and check the color on a piece of wood of the same breed. The process of applying the mixture takes place in several stages:
Expense calculation
The main indicator that must be taken into account when calculating the flow rate is the degree of porosity of the base material. Any stain has an excellent absorbency. An average of 15 m2 will require one liter of composition. It is also important to consider the intensity of the shade. Softwoods have low absorbency, so they will need to be processed in several layers to achieve the desired pattern, which will increase consumption at least twice.
The amount of material spent is affected by the shape of the surface to be painted, the presence of corner locks, and hard-to-reach spots. On each container of the mixture, manufacturers indicate how much composition is needed to get a specific pattern. The exception is oil formulations, the task of which is to nourish the wood until the pores are completely filled. In this case, the tree type and its state are taken into account.
How to choose a stain
The choice of stain is affected by the purpose of the workpiece and the method of application. For tinting furniture, safe mixes with a minimum amount of volatile compounds are chosen. Suitable wax, oil, water compositions.
To process window frames, doors, it is better to pick up alcohol stains. Mixtures are easier to apply on even surfaces, which minimizes staining. Restore old tables, chairs, cabinets with small blue spots can be oil, wax compounds using any tool. When choosing a tonic, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:
Defect management - what to do if the stain does not lie correctly
Quite often, after applying the stain, various defects form on the surface. They may not appear immediately, but only after drying. The sooner measures are taken to eliminate them, the greater the chances of a complete restoration of the applied layer. Most often you have to work with the following defects:
Conclusion
Wooden furnishings look beautiful, but quickly lose their appeal. They are influenced by consumer, external factors, time. Stain will help to maintain a decent appearance and initial structure for a long time.Due to the variety of species, you can choose the right composition for a particular type of wood, reproduce the pattern, highlight the natural texture, draw a flower, any convex pattern.