A door is a separator, input element and interior item. Over a long period of evolution, it has acquired various forms and devices. Choosing exactly the model you need will provide residents with comfort for many years to come. The door will protect from cold and drafts, noise and close attention. Features of door systems are expressed in the type of construction, method of opening, material and shape. There are some similar concepts in the classification, because the features of different modifications actively unite and some facets are “erased”. At the same time, according to the discovery method, there is still a clear division. Designers are working on ever new configurations and models, so in the near future some types of doors will appear, while others will no longer be singled out in a separate category. To understand which interior doors are best to choose for an apartment, one should take into account their structure, materials and interior style.
There are only 4 species, and they were named in connection with the peculiarities of the structure. Shield canvases have a massive central element of a striped configuration. The connection is very tight, and sometimes small voids are left in it. Doors with large decorative caps and panels have been given the corresponding name. They are flat and embossed, differ in the configuration of a spike groove. Molded products have one integral structure over the entire area of the canvas. Models often complement the frame of the racks. Doors are simple and decorated in some kind of complex composition. Tsargovye options have a transverse structure. The bars have the same direction, and usually they are limited on two sides vertically. The doors are very heavy. Sometimes they look like paneled or shield.
Shield
The design is based on a shield made of fibers fastened together. The connection provides alternating directions, which is better than the solid structure of the beam in terms of strength. In addition, the design receives resistance to shrinkage, temperature changes and high humidity. Between its wooden elements lie stiffeners with a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. There are two ways to fill the shield: solid and shallow.The first, in addition to full filling, involves the use of wooden battens or chipboard. As a result, the structure withstands heavy loads and enhances sound insulation. The method is used including in the manufacture of entrance doors. The second method involves the inclusion of the same materials, as well as fiberboard or plywood, but with microvoids that will keep the temperature at a stable level for longer. Recently, they began to use cellular filling with corrugated cardboard.
Panel doors are the most durable!
Paneled
Panels are inserted into the frame of the canvas itself - thus the model got its name. Fixing is done in special grooves, additionally using thin glazing beads or glue - so that the inserts do not hang. Panel doors are distinguished by relief and configuration. The first parameter distinguishes flat, volumetric and typesetting. On the second - figurative and floating. Flat do not have cutters and protrusions, they are absolutely smooth and thin. Volumetric ones have a texture and a border around the perimeter. This is a classic model. The type-setting option is a series of slats with a joint according to the principle of a thorn groove. In the figured embodiments, there is an inner insert with thick edges, thinning towards the edge. Fastening is made in longitudinal grooves. The insert in the overlay structures expands freely due to temperature changes due to perimeter gaps.
Moldings
These look the same from top to bottom. Included in the category are models from a large fragment of glass and racks framing them. Instead of glass, the panel can have a full height panel. In turn, triplex glass doors are much heavier than conventional options. All types of molded products can be decorated with elements like engraving, fusing, drawings. Structural simplicity does not affect the field of application. Models are selected for the most sophisticated interior and simple, nothing stands out.The product, in which case, is additionally decorated with shaped racks of boxes, platbands and baseboards. The most obvious drawback is poor sound insulation. Sometimes molded material, such as glass, is supplemented with two vertical planks of wood or metal.
Tsargovye
So called canvas from the transverse bars, or tsar. The structure of the doors then looks like this: 2 vertical racks (usually), and between them performing the connecting function of the drawer. Despite the simple assembly principle, designers and manufacturers have come up with a variety of combinations with paneled inserts. The combinations are also diluted with glass in the form of curved stripes. There are no glued edges on the collet-type web. For the manufacture of racks, in fact, edgeless technology is used. Moreover, during the assembly process, each of the parts is covered with a lining. Sugar constructions have a lot of weight: the bars are much thicker and heavier than panels and various planks. Differences between collet and paneled models are increasingly blurring. Some systems practically do not differ from panel ones. In practice, options with more than three heavy bars began to be called collet.
The method of opening interior doors
There are two main methods, and only about ten, including varieties:
The main options: swing and sliding.
Additional: book, accordion, roto (spinning, rotary), pendulum, Invisible and Twice.
Consumers consider the pros and cons, and choose among a wide variety of products: classics like swing and sliding doors, new systems, including Twice and Invisible, and other models that have proven themselves. Panoramic, round and semicircular designs are used only in some places, but any options are bought by the opening mechanism. The limiting factors are only design features, patency and level of interior load.Twice and Invinsible are design systems with great practical benefits. As in the case of roto-doors, the designers tried to collect the best from several models in one product. Swing and sliding doors are considered classics. Hinged are comfortable due to their familiar design. Sliding options move in a narrow plane and solve several problems associated with conventional sashes at once.
Swing doors
The most familiar design in everyday life consists of one or two wings with displacement and movement in the horizontal plane. Opening takes place inside the room, outward or in both directions (pendulum, which is often installed between equivalent rooms). The latest design has become widespread in spacious kitchens in catering establishments. Most prefer to fix one of the paintings. According to this principle, one and a half-leaf variants are usually used, where one of the valves is half as large and remains stationary. Door blocks for offices are standard with opening in one direction and special with additional sections, for ventilation, for example. Office door systems are increasingly equipped with an electric drive. Modern hinged doors have the know-how - automatic rising and lowering thresholds.
Some manufacturers modify the design of swing doors - so that the canvas does not take up useful space.
Sliding doors
The main alternative to swing. Designs are largely superior to swing, and sometimes they are simply irreplaceable. Retractable options have a bulky mechanism with a large number of auxiliary parts. Their appearance is noticeably different for different models. The problem of sliding doors is most often a large load when opening and a tendency to jam. At the same time, they save space and improve ergonomics. In addition, movable structures are characterized by a variety of location and type of mechanism.Sashes are placed outside, inside the room or within the opening. According to mechanical features, cassette doors with an entrance to a niche, compartment, panoramic, accordions are distinguished. Sliding doors move along several guides. The panoramic principle is either the same or the sashes are adjacent in the middle of one plank. Accordions are collected with a decrease in the area they occupy.
Invisible System
The design is reminiscent of pendulum doors. But if the latter move by inertia, then Invisible are manageable and have a small mass. The system usually consists of a single leaf, which opens in both directions. The canvas is made in accordance with the texture of the wall. The color chosen is the same as the environment. This is the essence of the system, although one can depart from the classical solution. The Invisible door is sometimes called hidden - due to the fact that it merges with the interior. A thin frame speaks of her whereabouts. In turn, the handle has a perfectly even rectangular shape and goes well with a minimalist interior. Invisible doors are sometimes in close proximity. The design effect involves a combination of doors and leaf movement. Advantages and disadvantages of systems approximately correspond to swing options.
Door book
“Book” models consist of two canvases with two parts for each or one leaf for two, with a maximum of three elements. The hinges provide the correct folding of the mini-sashes, but sometimes card loops are enough. For the free movement of the web along the opening, a roller runner is introduced into the structure. The advantage over a large accordion is its durability, primarily due to the lower load on the connections. The door "book" saves space and is relatively light and mobile, but poorly isolates noise and does not retain heat in the room properly. Folding fabric is easily fixed, but tends to wear and loosen.Its strength is at a low level. The protective function is practically absent: the door-book cannot be protected from breaking.
Twice system
The model is a swing-slide design. At the same time, it has a difference from books and accordions: the wings fold along the wall outside the opening. There are two options: a sash on one side or two on each. An obvious plus is the design and style of construction. In addition, they note a minimum noise level and smooth movement. A small opening radius and the ability to install parallel to the piers give options for convenient movement, as well as the placement of objects. The Twis system is universal and is manufactured by different manufacturers. Cloths have the standards of 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 mm. Other sizes are available individually. The connecting mechanisms of Twice doors are more reliable than the usual folding options. Buyers choose among a wide range of paintings and can change the decor.
Roto doors
It is considered a full-fledged hybrid of sliding, swing and swing doors. The roto variants have practically no shortcomings, and they retained all the strengths of other species. The door mechanism includes a pivot element in the middle of the aisle or closer to the edge. Speed of movement is the first advantage. The door can simply be pushed forward and can go through the opening without slowing down. They almost do not occupy useful space and do not create obstacles for storing things in close proximity. The roto-door is a universal design that can be used everywhere. The installation principle allows you to do without a wizard, you just need to cope with the weight of the structure. At the same time, self-production will be unavailable due to the complexity of the mechanism. In addition, it will not be possible to find a budget option.
Sash motion options:
With a rotation of 90 °, fixation in the center.
With a rotation of 90 °, fixation at the edge.
With 360 ° rotation.
Door Material
Buyers choose between wood, plastic, glass, light metals and chipboards (particleboard and MDF). Among the wood species, preference is given to oak, ash and pine. Strong and durable blocks are obtained from solid fragments of trunks. Chipboards have a good density and relatively low price. You can save on glued versions of the array. Interior doors are not often made of metals, but aluminum will be the “golden mean”. The need for metal options is usually associated with the desire to protect the contents that are in the room. Glass doors lighten the interior and give it a modern "sound." Plastic systems have all the advantages of a modern material. With the help of finishing technologies, they become like stone or wood.
Solid wood
As a raw material, a fragment of oak is usually used. Wood is known primarily because of its strength indicators, which is why a piece of wood can be processed without fear that it might fall apart. Doors are made in two ways: from a solid or glued array. In the first case, the canvas will be heavy and overall. Glued massif is obtained from different parts of the tree in a neat and even composition. Modern technology ensures a strong connection. Doors are made not only from polished planes that have been shaped. Options with raw edges and knots are gaining more and more popularity. Designers get a great field for experimentation if the goal is to create an original or abstract setting.
All systems of solid wood have practical benefits:
sound insulation;
dustproof;
tightness;
burglary resistance;
durability.
MDF or particleboard
MDF is a medium density wood board. As raw materials, waste from different species of wood is used.Consumers ultimately get affordable material from environmentally friendly raw materials and components. Instead of regular glue, MDF uses bonding elements such as lignin. MDF boards weigh a little and, thanks to the layered structure, are resistant to scratches and impacts. A door made of medium-density fiber boards has retained its properties for many years, despite temperature contrasts. MDF is a moisture-resistant type of wood with the qualities of a natural insulation and noise absorber. Finished products are also durable. MDF sheets are usually coated with decorative layers.
It is worth highlighting 5 options: natural and eco-veneer, enamel, PVC coating, laminate. Particleboard as a material is inferior in basic parameters. It, like MDF, is compressed sheet wood. MDF is a variant of particle board with medium density and environmentally friendly components.
Glass
Glass door models are assembled from several layers. For example, the triplex technology provides for fastening with a polymer film: the integrity of the canvas can be violated only through a strong and accentuated effect on the glass. Even if it breaks, the fragments will not fly in different directions. At least 95% of them will remain on film. Triplex doors are made by liquid pouring or lamination. Depends on technology thickness. Thin sashes of less than 1 cm are installed in bathrooms and toilets. Models up to 5 cm are suitable for bedrooms, nurseries, halls. Float glass options have a perfectly smooth surface. A door made of this material does not create optical distortions and even protects from the sun. Door systems are also assembled with fusing technology. Stained-glass windows and patterns of glass fragments are formed on the canvases.
Plastic
Plastic interior doors are lightweight, durable and undemanding in terms of maintenance.In the interior of an apartment or house, white material and a simple texture do not look the best, therefore, plastic should mean high-quality raw materials and coatings imitating wood, stone, etc. Cloths made of PVC or another type of plastic have a dense structure and will not allow unpleasant odors , cold and heat. The sound insulation effect is also obtained due to the chemical composition. The clamping device of the plastic doors, in turn, provides optimal contact with the slopes, the absence of gaps, and reliable fixation of the sash. After processing with special compounds, the plastic structure gains resistance to fire. If desired, the plastic coating can be repainted, and many times.
Door Finishing Methods
The finished surface is treated as you like, but to bring it back to normal, use:
laminate;
PVC plastic;
veneer.
Finishing the door leaf is a meticulous process from several stages. Steel models do not need to be processed as long as wooden ones, but the lining itself is performed slowly and accurately, especially at corners, ends and bends. The wood has to be cleaned with sandpaper, putty to hide flaws, and after all this there will still be a primer. If you miss the last procedure, the material will be completely different in characteristics. In most cases, varnish is also needed. As for individual coatings, the laminate well hides surface roughness, makes the color more even. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) provides great hygiene.
Natural and eco-veneer gives minimal protection, but well-decorated sash. There are imitations of almost all basic materials on sale. Eco-veneer is generally more profitable than its simple version, although it does not have such a variety.
Laminate
For work, you will also need liquid nails, a large pencil, sandpaper of different grains, slats, a square, a jigsaw. First of all, the canvas is removed and placed in a horizontal position.The door is freed from all external fittings. Along the edges, a frame of restrictive rails and corners is fixed. Before installing laminated strips with liquid nails, all this should be fixed. Measurements are taken from the door and then the corresponding fragment is cut out of the laminating material. The laminate is applied to the door, and if everything matched properly, then proceed to installation. Liquid nails are applied to the materials in small drops, after which they are glued to the intended place. Each subsequent piece of laminate is laid butt. After laying, the sash is placed under the press for about a day. Laminate for doors is of 2 types:
Decorative.
Functional.
In some cases, lamination is impossible without an insulating layer!
PVC coating
The material is characterized by durability, moisture resistance, environmental friendliness and thermal insulation properties. To increase hygiene, antibacterial and antifungal agents are added to the PVC film. The material has thermoplasticity and elasticity and is able to repeat the outlines of corners, convex and concave surfaces. Film thickness ranges from 0.15 to 0.8 mm. There are single and multi-layer options with texture, varnishing and relief. The surface can imitate veneer or natural stone. Before applying to the door, the surface of the latter is freed from fat. The paint layer is also removed. In the future, they begin to clean the surface, and it will be enough to walk twice with sandpaper. Chips close up putty. Then, after priming, they begin to stick the PVC film. At the ends, the coating is pressed tightly, but carefully.
Natural veneer
Apply methods of hot and cold pressing. In the first method with gluing on MDF, glue based on formaldehyde is used. The process proceeds at temperatures above 100 ° C, and therefore released compounds can harm a person. For cold pressing, PVA glue is used at a temperature in the range of 30–35 ° C.First, the sash is frontally pasted and then go to the sidewalls. After the adhesive has dried and hardened, the sanding turn comes. It is produced in order to eliminate imperfections and remove dried drops of glue. Then the surface is varnished and transferred to the final stage of work - the application of veneer. The material is also suitable for finishing metal doors. From the inside, they are finished with a natural version, and from the inside - with a synthetic analogue. In the process, you will also need an MDF canvas.
Eco veneer
This is a multilayer textured material made of small particles of wood. The initial mass is pressed for a long time using synthetic binders for bonding. Eco-veneer has the corresponding abbreviation CPL, which refers to various products manufactured using modern technology of gradual pressure buildup. As a result, there will be no air bubbles in the finished product. Eco-veneered doors do not respond to moisture. Wherever they stand, the coating will not deform. Eco-veneer does not fade in the sun and, in principle, is resistant to ultraviolet rays. It is also stronger than ordinary veneer. There is no toxic component in the coating. High elasticity combined with low weight simplifies finishing technology. And the buyer receives all these advantages at a lower price.
Which doors have better sound insulation
The indicator depends on the configuration, basic materials, filler and structure. Swing models have no problems with the sound filter. Their parameters include tight contact of the canvas with the box. But if you deal with the soundproofing of the threshold, then the cassette doors, which even in the closed position go into the niche, will become better than swing doors. As for materials, some wood species do well with noise; hardwood is better in this regard. Metal structures resonate sound, but internal voids absorb it.Plastic doors are the best in terms of protection against the propagation of acoustic waves, and the reason is their structure. Sealers and bags are designed to adjust clearances and minimize noise penetration. The structure of particleboard and MDF also contributes to sound absorption. Among soundproofing materials, “good reputation” is in foam, mineral wool and corrugated board.
Dimensions of interior doors
The height of the interior openings reaches 2000-2100 mm. The indicator for the shutters on the door structures is either slightly less than these values, or equal to them, or it is design and significantly higher than the room parameter. For door panels with a height of 1900 mm, the characteristic leaf widths are 500 and 600 mm, respectively. Values are relevant for single door models. For double and multi-leaf doors, such parameters are not defined. Cloths with a height of 2000 mm correspond to single-leaf models of 600, 700, 800 and 900 mm. In turn, the doors of bivalve structures have a width of 1200, 1400 and 1500 mm. One of the elements is then equal to 600 mm, and the second is 600, 800 or 900 mm. Parameters provided for individual rooms. For living rooms - 2000 × 800 mm with an opening depth of 70-200 mm. Canvases for kitchens have an indicator of 2000 × 700, and bathrooms - 1900 × 60 or 2000 × 60 mm.
Hardware selection
It is recommended to choose designs with a carbon tongue, as they do not emit noise. Handles, their sockets, as well as panels, must correspond to the style of the canvas and the situation in general. If necessary, mechanisms with locks under the WC are installed on all doors. When searching for the necessary parts, you should read the product class and look at the price - in order to protect yourself from low-quality and defective parts. Do not ignore your own observations: if the handle or lock seemed uncomfortable for the hands or in terms of use, then it is better to refuse such accessories. The most "running" loops have a height of 100 and 75 mm, respectively. The former acquire for heavy and continuous structures, the latter for light and hollow ones. Manufacturers also make accessories for stylistic design: not so long ago, hidden loops and magnetic mechanisms for minimalism appeared.
The choice of door frame, extensions and platbands
Current trends have greatly influenced design and functionality. Now they recommend more advanced telescopic elements: frame, extensions and platbands. Buying complete options is the best idea in most situations. Elements are then simply disassembled and mounted already in the opening. Prefabricated options have even clear cuts, which positively affects the life of the device. Customers are also faced with the question of the lower element of the block - the threshold. For better insulation, including for the sake of preserving heat and absorbing sounds, the lower bar will come in handy. But for reasons of style and design in a modern interior, it is better to do without it. Aesthetics and tint compatibility with box materials and platbands are important for extras. Buy should models that can be dismantled without damage. Among the platbands, the most in demand are models with a cable channel. The second and third places in terms of the importance of criteria can be put on the ease of installation and the role in the interior.
Color scheme and door design
The main color palette includes brown, gray, silver and white. Among the popular shades are walnut, coffee, oak, chestnut, brick, chocolate. Cloths are also faced with colored veneer and films. In the era of classicism, there were many white doors, and brown became dominant in modernism and art nouveau. Now brown is considered more classic. Natural textures and colors have been popular lately. Among design techniques, the use of glass, inserts, textures, textures, frames and drawings should be highlighted. Specialists in the interior are introducing options for mechanisms and door placement. Over the past decade, the design of paintings and their parts, as well as accessories, guides and other things, became more and more original. Designers are inspired by each other's ideas.Now consumers can find stone doors, as well as abstract, luminous, mirror, transparent.
Features of doors for painting
The consumer, in fact, acquires a blank canvas and gives it the final look. The door for painting can have glass or look like an invisibility option. Cloths are already sold with a primer layer to protect the structure from moisture and temperature contrasts. The processed surface is painted in different shades, applications and art paintings are applied to it. Designs are designed for use in workrooms, at dachas, large construction projects, and escape routes. Prices are kept at the lowest level in the market. The door unit is supplied fully or partially. In which case, customers will have to look for locks, hinges and even a box. As a result, not only the cost grows, but also the complexity of the work. They also sell products with expensive accessories from European manufacturers. Staining them is more a creative process than a saving.
Semi-finished options with glass can be:
decorated polymer films;
painted according to the RAL catalog;
matte with a certain degree of opacity;
opening the review completely.
The best manufacturers of interior doors
In Russia, the best reviews from customers receive:
Onyx.
Status.
Yucca.
Bravo.
Matador.
Onyx brand offers a wide range of shades of veneered products, and its pricing policy is focused more on the budget segment. Consumers note impeccable quality and fast delivery. At the same time, the company produces platbands only with hardware fasteners. The Status brand is known for premium products. Doors are made using imported components. Consumers receive a 5 year warranty. Yucca door systems are manufactured on automated equipment according to European quality standards. The company is focused on the middle class.Bravo factory also produces PVC coated doors. This is the most popular position among its consumers. Another manufacturer from the ranking, Matador focused on the original design. The company has many of its own developments.
Conclusion
Features of interior doors include options for their internal structure, design and opening mechanism. Not all variety means practicality and benefit. The very first thing that construction should give is ease of movement and rational use of square meters. In cramped apartments, you can install roto, Twice or Invinsible options, and if the technical parameters allow, then one of the many varieties of a sliding door. Interior blocks are assembled from solid wood, MDF, particleboard, layers of glass, PVC and aluminum. They are covered with veneer, films, laminated and painted. Craftsmen use old canvases to transform into models of a different type and save a lot on this. If the question is only in buying the ideal option for a particular room, then the indicators of resistance to external factors, sound insulation, ergonomics and design are of paramount importance.
A door is a separator, input element and interior item. Over a long period of evolution, it has acquired various forms and devices. Choosing exactly the model you need will provide residents with comfort for many years to come. The door will protect from cold and drafts, noise and close attention. Features of door systems are expressed in the type of construction, method of opening, material and shape. There are some similar concepts in the classification, because the features of different modifications actively unite and some facets are “erased”. At the same time, according to the discovery method, there is still a clear division. Designers are working on ever new configurations and models, so in the near future some types of doors will appear, while others will no longer be singled out in a separate category. To understand which interior doors are best to choose for an apartment, one should take into account their structure, materials and interior style.
Content
Types of door designs and their features
There are only 4 species, and they were named in connection with the peculiarities of the structure. Shield canvases have a massive central element of a striped configuration. The connection is very tight, and sometimes small voids are left in it. Doors with large decorative caps and panels have been given the corresponding name. They are flat and embossed, differ in the configuration of a spike groove. Molded products have one integral structure over the entire area of the canvas. Models often complement the frame of the racks. Doors are simple and decorated in some kind of complex composition. Tsargovye options have a transverse structure. The bars have the same direction, and usually they are limited on two sides vertically. The doors are very heavy. Sometimes they look like paneled or shield.
Shield
The design is based on a shield made of fibers fastened together. The connection provides alternating directions, which is better than the solid structure of the beam in terms of strength. In addition, the design receives resistance to shrinkage, temperature changes and high humidity. Between its wooden elements lie stiffeners with a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. There are two ways to fill the shield: solid and shallow.The first, in addition to full filling, involves the use of wooden battens or chipboard. As a result, the structure withstands heavy loads and enhances sound insulation. The method is used including in the manufacture of entrance doors. The second method involves the inclusion of the same materials, as well as fiberboard or plywood, but with microvoids that will keep the temperature at a stable level for longer. Recently, they began to use cellular filling with corrugated cardboard.
Paneled
Panels are inserted into the frame of the canvas itself - thus the model got its name. Fixing is done in special grooves, additionally using thin glazing beads or glue - so that the inserts do not hang. Panel doors are distinguished by relief and configuration. The first parameter distinguishes flat, volumetric and typesetting. On the second - figurative and floating. Flat do not have cutters and protrusions, they are absolutely smooth and thin. Volumetric ones have a texture and a border around the perimeter. This is a classic model. The type-setting option is a series of slats with a joint according to the principle of a thorn groove. In the figured embodiments, there is an inner insert with thick edges, thinning towards the edge. Fastening is made in longitudinal grooves. The insert in the overlay structures expands freely due to temperature changes due to perimeter gaps.
Moldings
These look the same from top to bottom. Included in the category are models from a large fragment of glass and racks framing them. Instead of glass, the panel can have a full height panel. In turn, triplex glass doors are much heavier than conventional options. All types of molded products can be decorated with elements like engraving, fusing, drawings. Structural simplicity does not affect the field of application. Models are selected for the most sophisticated interior and simple, nothing stands out.The product, in which case, is additionally decorated with shaped racks of boxes, platbands and baseboards. The most obvious drawback is poor sound insulation. Sometimes molded material, such as glass, is supplemented with two vertical planks of wood or metal.
Tsargovye
So called canvas from the transverse bars, or tsar. The structure of the doors then looks like this: 2 vertical racks (usually), and between them performing the connecting function of the drawer. Despite the simple assembly principle, designers and manufacturers have come up with a variety of combinations with paneled inserts. The combinations are also diluted with glass in the form of curved stripes. There are no glued edges on the collet-type web. For the manufacture of racks, in fact, edgeless technology is used. Moreover, during the assembly process, each of the parts is covered with a lining. Sugar constructions have a lot of weight: the bars are much thicker and heavier than panels and various planks. Differences between collet and paneled models are increasingly blurring. Some systems practically do not differ from panel ones. In practice, options with more than three heavy bars began to be called collet.
The method of opening interior doors
There are two main methods, and only about ten, including varieties:
Consumers consider the pros and cons, and choose among a wide variety of products: classics like swing and sliding doors, new systems, including Twice and Invisible, and other models that have proven themselves. Panoramic, round and semicircular designs are used only in some places, but any options are bought by the opening mechanism. The limiting factors are only design features, patency and level of interior load.Twice and Invinsible are design systems with great practical benefits. As in the case of roto-doors, the designers tried to collect the best from several models in one product. Swing and sliding doors are considered classics. Hinged are comfortable due to their familiar design. Sliding options move in a narrow plane and solve several problems associated with conventional sashes at once.
Swing doors
The most familiar design in everyday life consists of one or two wings with displacement and movement in the horizontal plane. Opening takes place inside the room, outward or in both directions (pendulum, which is often installed between equivalent rooms). The latest design has become widespread in spacious kitchens in catering establishments. Most prefer to fix one of the paintings. According to this principle, one and a half-leaf variants are usually used, where one of the valves is half as large and remains stationary. Door blocks for offices are standard with opening in one direction and special with additional sections, for ventilation, for example. Office door systems are increasingly equipped with an electric drive. Modern hinged doors have the know-how - automatic rising and lowering thresholds.
Sliding doors
The main alternative to swing. Designs are largely superior to swing, and sometimes they are simply irreplaceable. Retractable options have a bulky mechanism with a large number of auxiliary parts. Their appearance is noticeably different for different models. The problem of sliding doors is most often a large load when opening and a tendency to jam. At the same time, they save space and improve ergonomics. In addition, movable structures are characterized by a variety of location and type of mechanism.Sashes are placed outside, inside the room or within the opening. According to mechanical features, cassette doors with an entrance to a niche, compartment, panoramic, accordions are distinguished. Sliding doors move along several guides. The panoramic principle is either the same or the sashes are adjacent in the middle of one plank. Accordions are collected with a decrease in the area they occupy.
Invisible System
The design is reminiscent of pendulum doors. But if the latter move by inertia, then Invisible are manageable and have a small mass. The system usually consists of a single leaf, which opens in both directions. The canvas is made in accordance with the texture of the wall. The color chosen is the same as the environment. This is the essence of the system, although one can depart from the classical solution. The Invisible door is sometimes called hidden - due to the fact that it merges with the interior. A thin frame speaks of her whereabouts. In turn, the handle has a perfectly even rectangular shape and goes well with a minimalist interior. Invisible doors are sometimes in close proximity. The design effect involves a combination of doors and leaf movement. Advantages and disadvantages of systems approximately correspond to swing options.
Door book
“Book” models consist of two canvases with two parts for each or one leaf for two, with a maximum of three elements. The hinges provide the correct folding of the mini-sashes, but sometimes card loops are enough. For the free movement of the web along the opening, a roller runner is introduced into the structure. The advantage over a large accordion is its durability, primarily due to the lower load on the connections. The door "book" saves space and is relatively light and mobile, but poorly isolates noise and does not retain heat in the room properly. Folding fabric is easily fixed, but tends to wear and loosen.Its strength is at a low level. The protective function is practically absent: the door-book cannot be protected from breaking.
Twice system
The model is a swing-slide design. At the same time, it has a difference from books and accordions: the wings fold along the wall outside the opening. There are two options: a sash on one side or two on each. An obvious plus is the design and style of construction. In addition, they note a minimum noise level and smooth movement. A small opening radius and the ability to install parallel to the piers give options for convenient movement, as well as the placement of objects. The Twis system is universal and is manufactured by different manufacturers. Cloths have the standards of 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 mm. Other sizes are available individually. The connecting mechanisms of Twice doors are more reliable than the usual folding options. Buyers choose among a wide range of paintings and can change the decor.
Roto doors
It is considered a full-fledged hybrid of sliding, swing and swing doors. The roto variants have practically no shortcomings, and they retained all the strengths of other species. The door mechanism includes a pivot element in the middle of the aisle or closer to the edge. Speed of movement is the first advantage. The door can simply be pushed forward and can go through the opening without slowing down. They almost do not occupy useful space and do not create obstacles for storing things in close proximity. The roto-door is a universal design that can be used everywhere. The installation principle allows you to do without a wizard, you just need to cope with the weight of the structure. At the same time, self-production will be unavailable due to the complexity of the mechanism. In addition, it will not be possible to find a budget option.
Sash motion options:
Door Material
Buyers choose between wood, plastic, glass, light metals and chipboards (particleboard and MDF). Among the wood species, preference is given to oak, ash and pine. Strong and durable blocks are obtained from solid fragments of trunks. Chipboards have a good density and relatively low price. You can save on glued versions of the array. Interior doors are not often made of metals, but aluminum will be the “golden mean”. The need for metal options is usually associated with the desire to protect the contents that are in the room. Glass doors lighten the interior and give it a modern "sound." Plastic systems have all the advantages of a modern material. With the help of finishing technologies, they become like stone or wood.
Solid wood
As a raw material, a fragment of oak is usually used. Wood is known primarily because of its strength indicators, which is why a piece of wood can be processed without fear that it might fall apart. Doors are made in two ways: from a solid or glued array. In the first case, the canvas will be heavy and overall. Glued massif is obtained from different parts of the tree in a neat and even composition. Modern technology ensures a strong connection. Doors are made not only from polished planes that have been shaped. Options with raw edges and knots are gaining more and more popularity. Designers get a great field for experimentation if the goal is to create an original or abstract setting.
All systems of solid wood have practical benefits:
MDF or particleboard
MDF is a medium density wood board. As raw materials, waste from different species of wood is used.Consumers ultimately get affordable material from environmentally friendly raw materials and components. Instead of regular glue, MDF uses bonding elements such as lignin. MDF boards weigh a little and, thanks to the layered structure, are resistant to scratches and impacts. A door made of medium-density fiber boards has retained its properties for many years, despite temperature contrasts. MDF is a moisture-resistant type of wood with the qualities of a natural insulation and noise absorber. Finished products are also durable. MDF sheets are usually coated with decorative layers.
It is worth highlighting 5 options: natural and eco-veneer, enamel, PVC coating, laminate. Particleboard as a material is inferior in basic parameters. It, like MDF, is compressed sheet wood. MDF is a variant of particle board with medium density and environmentally friendly components.
Glass
Glass door models are assembled from several layers. For example, the triplex technology provides for fastening with a polymer film: the integrity of the canvas can be violated only through a strong and accentuated effect on the glass. Even if it breaks, the fragments will not fly in different directions. At least 95% of them will remain on film. Triplex doors are made by liquid pouring or lamination. Depends on technology thickness. Thin sashes of less than 1 cm are installed in bathrooms and toilets. Models up to 5 cm are suitable for bedrooms, nurseries, halls. Float glass options have a perfectly smooth surface. A door made of this material does not create optical distortions and even protects from the sun. Door systems are also assembled with fusing technology. Stained-glass windows and patterns of glass fragments are formed on the canvases.
Plastic
Plastic interior doors are lightweight, durable and undemanding in terms of maintenance.In the interior of an apartment or house, white material and a simple texture do not look the best, therefore, plastic should mean high-quality raw materials and coatings imitating wood, stone, etc. Cloths made of PVC or another type of plastic have a dense structure and will not allow unpleasant odors , cold and heat. The sound insulation effect is also obtained due to the chemical composition. The clamping device of the plastic doors, in turn, provides optimal contact with the slopes, the absence of gaps, and reliable fixation of the sash. After processing with special compounds, the plastic structure gains resistance to fire. If desired, the plastic coating can be repainted, and many times.
Door Finishing Methods
The finished surface is treated as you like, but to bring it back to normal, use:
Finishing the door leaf is a meticulous process from several stages. Steel models do not need to be processed as long as wooden ones, but the lining itself is performed slowly and accurately, especially at corners, ends and bends. The wood has to be cleaned with sandpaper, putty to hide flaws, and after all this there will still be a primer. If you miss the last procedure, the material will be completely different in characteristics. In most cases, varnish is also needed. As for individual coatings, the laminate well hides surface roughness, makes the color more even. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) provides great hygiene.
Natural and eco-veneer gives minimal protection, but well-decorated sash. There are imitations of almost all basic materials on sale. Eco-veneer is generally more profitable than its simple version, although it does not have such a variety.
Laminate
For work, you will also need liquid nails, a large pencil, sandpaper of different grains, slats, a square, a jigsaw. First of all, the canvas is removed and placed in a horizontal position.The door is freed from all external fittings. Along the edges, a frame of restrictive rails and corners is fixed. Before installing laminated strips with liquid nails, all this should be fixed. Measurements are taken from the door and then the corresponding fragment is cut out of the laminating material. The laminate is applied to the door, and if everything matched properly, then proceed to installation. Liquid nails are applied to the materials in small drops, after which they are glued to the intended place. Each subsequent piece of laminate is laid butt. After laying, the sash is placed under the press for about a day. Laminate for doors is of 2 types:
PVC coating
The material is characterized by durability, moisture resistance, environmental friendliness and thermal insulation properties. To increase hygiene, antibacterial and antifungal agents are added to the PVC film. The material has thermoplasticity and elasticity and is able to repeat the outlines of corners, convex and concave surfaces. Film thickness ranges from 0.15 to 0.8 mm. There are single and multi-layer options with texture, varnishing and relief. The surface can imitate veneer or natural stone. Before applying to the door, the surface of the latter is freed from fat. The paint layer is also removed. In the future, they begin to clean the surface, and it will be enough to walk twice with sandpaper. Chips close up putty. Then, after priming, they begin to stick the PVC film. At the ends, the coating is pressed tightly, but carefully.
Natural veneer
Apply methods of hot and cold pressing. In the first method with gluing on MDF, glue based on formaldehyde is used. The process proceeds at temperatures above 100 ° C, and therefore released compounds can harm a person. For cold pressing, PVA glue is used at a temperature in the range of 30–35 ° C.First, the sash is frontally pasted and then go to the sidewalls. After the adhesive has dried and hardened, the sanding turn comes. It is produced in order to eliminate imperfections and remove dried drops of glue. Then the surface is varnished and transferred to the final stage of work - the application of veneer. The material is also suitable for finishing metal doors. From the inside, they are finished with a natural version, and from the inside - with a synthetic analogue. In the process, you will also need an MDF canvas.
Eco veneer
This is a multilayer textured material made of small particles of wood. The initial mass is pressed for a long time using synthetic binders for bonding. Eco-veneer has the corresponding abbreviation CPL, which refers to various products manufactured using modern technology of gradual pressure buildup. As a result, there will be no air bubbles in the finished product. Eco-veneered doors do not respond to moisture. Wherever they stand, the coating will not deform. Eco-veneer does not fade in the sun and, in principle, is resistant to ultraviolet rays. It is also stronger than ordinary veneer. There is no toxic component in the coating. High elasticity combined with low weight simplifies finishing technology. And the buyer receives all these advantages at a lower price.
Which doors have better sound insulation
The indicator depends on the configuration, basic materials, filler and structure. Swing models have no problems with the sound filter. Their parameters include tight contact of the canvas with the box. But if you deal with the soundproofing of the threshold, then the cassette doors, which even in the closed position go into the niche, will become better than swing doors. As for materials, some wood species do well with noise; hardwood is better in this regard. Metal structures resonate sound, but internal voids absorb it.Plastic doors are the best in terms of protection against the propagation of acoustic waves, and the reason is their structure. Sealers and bags are designed to adjust clearances and minimize noise penetration. The structure of particleboard and MDF also contributes to sound absorption. Among soundproofing materials, “good reputation” is in foam, mineral wool and corrugated board.
Dimensions of interior doors
The height of the interior openings reaches 2000-2100 mm. The indicator for the shutters on the door structures is either slightly less than these values, or equal to them, or it is design and significantly higher than the room parameter. For door panels with a height of 1900 mm, the characteristic leaf widths are 500 and 600 mm, respectively. Values are relevant for single door models. For double and multi-leaf doors, such parameters are not defined. Cloths with a height of 2000 mm correspond to single-leaf models of 600, 700, 800 and 900 mm. In turn, the doors of bivalve structures have a width of 1200, 1400 and 1500 mm. One of the elements is then equal to 600 mm, and the second is 600, 800 or 900 mm. Parameters provided for individual rooms. For living rooms - 2000 × 800 mm with an opening depth of 70-200 mm. Canvases for kitchens have an indicator of 2000 × 700, and bathrooms - 1900 × 60 or 2000 × 60 mm.
Hardware selection
It is recommended to choose designs with a carbon tongue, as they do not emit noise. Handles, their sockets, as well as panels, must correspond to the style of the canvas and the situation in general. If necessary, mechanisms with locks under the WC are installed on all doors. When searching for the necessary parts, you should read the product class and look at the price - in order to protect yourself from low-quality and defective parts. Do not ignore your own observations: if the handle or lock seemed uncomfortable for the hands or in terms of use, then it is better to refuse such accessories. The most "running" loops have a height of 100 and 75 mm, respectively. The former acquire for heavy and continuous structures, the latter for light and hollow ones. Manufacturers also make accessories for stylistic design: not so long ago, hidden loops and magnetic mechanisms for minimalism appeared.
The choice of door frame, extensions and platbands
Current trends have greatly influenced design and functionality. Now they recommend more advanced telescopic elements: frame, extensions and platbands. Buying complete options is the best idea in most situations. Elements are then simply disassembled and mounted already in the opening. Prefabricated options have even clear cuts, which positively affects the life of the device. Customers are also faced with the question of the lower element of the block - the threshold. For better insulation, including for the sake of preserving heat and absorbing sounds, the lower bar will come in handy. But for reasons of style and design in a modern interior, it is better to do without it. Aesthetics and tint compatibility with box materials and platbands are important for extras. Buy should models that can be dismantled without damage. Among the platbands, the most in demand are models with a cable channel. The second and third places in terms of the importance of criteria can be put on the ease of installation and the role in the interior.
Color scheme and door design
The main color palette includes brown, gray, silver and white. Among the popular shades are walnut, coffee, oak, chestnut, brick, chocolate. Cloths are also faced with colored veneer and films. In the era of classicism, there were many white doors, and brown became dominant in modernism and art nouveau. Now brown is considered more classic. Natural textures and colors have been popular lately. Among design techniques, the use of glass, inserts, textures, textures, frames and drawings should be highlighted. Specialists in the interior are introducing options for mechanisms and door placement. Over the past decade, the design of paintings and their parts, as well as accessories, guides and other things, became more and more original. Designers are inspired by each other's ideas.Now consumers can find stone doors, as well as abstract, luminous, mirror, transparent.
Features of doors for painting
The consumer, in fact, acquires a blank canvas and gives it the final look. The door for painting can have glass or look like an invisibility option. Cloths are already sold with a primer layer to protect the structure from moisture and temperature contrasts. The processed surface is painted in different shades, applications and art paintings are applied to it. Designs are designed for use in workrooms, at dachas, large construction projects, and escape routes. Prices are kept at the lowest level in the market. The door unit is supplied fully or partially. In which case, customers will have to look for locks, hinges and even a box. As a result, not only the cost grows, but also the complexity of the work. They also sell products with expensive accessories from European manufacturers. Staining them is more a creative process than a saving.
Semi-finished options with glass can be:
The best manufacturers of interior doors
In Russia, the best reviews from customers receive:
Onyx brand offers a wide range of shades of veneered products, and its pricing policy is focused more on the budget segment. Consumers note impeccable quality and fast delivery. At the same time, the company produces platbands only with hardware fasteners. The Status brand is known for premium products. Doors are made using imported components. Consumers receive a 5 year warranty. Yucca door systems are manufactured on automated equipment according to European quality standards. The company is focused on the middle class.Bravo factory also produces PVC coated doors. This is the most popular position among its consumers. Another manufacturer from the ranking, Matador focused on the original design. The company has many of its own developments.
Conclusion
Features of interior doors include options for their internal structure, design and opening mechanism. Not all variety means practicality and benefit. The very first thing that construction should give is ease of movement and rational use of square meters. In cramped apartments, you can install roto, Twice or Invinsible options, and if the technical parameters allow, then one of the many varieties of a sliding door. Interior blocks are assembled from solid wood, MDF, particleboard, layers of glass, PVC and aluminum. They are covered with veneer, films, laminated and painted. Craftsmen use old canvases to transform into models of a different type and save a lot on this. If the question is only in buying the ideal option for a particular room, then the indicators of resistance to external factors, sound insulation, ergonomics and design are of paramount importance.